Open clusters are useful tools to investigate the structure and evolution of the Galactic disk. We have started a long-term project to obtain UBVI CCD photometry of open clusters which were little studied before, using the Doyak 1.8 m telescope of Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory in Korea. The primary goals of this project are (1) to make a catalog of UBVI photometry of open clusters, (2) to make an atlas of open clusters, and (3) to survey and monitor variable stars in open clusters. Here we describe this project and report the first results based on preliminary analysis of the data on four open clusters in the survey sample: Be 14, Cr 74, Biu 9, and NGC 2355. Isochrone fitting of the color-magnitude diagrams of the clusters shows that all of them are intermediate age to old (0.3-1.6 Gyrs) open clusters with moderate metallicity.

The premiums on closed-end country funds tend to move in tandem, but do not move together with premiums on domestic closed-end funds. After controlling for foreign maket fundamentals, changes in the stock price of country funds co-move with U.S. market returns, but changes in their net asset values do not. An index of changes in country fund premiums explains cross-sectional stock returns in the U.S. market, particularly for small firms. Collectively, these findings suggest U.S. stock prices are affected by market-wide sentiments which are reflected in closed-end country fund premiums.

Effects of cloud rotation 011 the profiles of CO J= 1 → 0 lines arc investigated by theoretically general ing line profiles under physical conditions similar to t he ones in large globules. The synthesized profiles are presented and their characteristics are discussed. It is found that when the Doppler shift of the observed CO lines is interpreted as the rotation velocity, the optically thin 13 C O lines underestimate the rotation velocity by up to 10 percents, while the self-reversed optically thick 12 C O lines overestimate the velocity up to 20 percents. The optically thin line is shown to be of use in probing the distribution of rotation velocity in dark globules.

변색미(變色米) 발생(發生)에 관여(關與)하는 병원균(病原菌)과 해충을 분류동정(分類同定)한 결과(結果) 해충으로는 허리노린재과(科)에 속하는 Leptocorisa oratorius가 우점종(優占種)이었고 노린재과(科)인 Menida varipennis. Stollia ventralis 및 Nezara viridula 등이 관여(關與)하였으며 병원균(病原菌)으로는 Drechslera oryzae. Curvularia lunata, Trichoniella padwickii, Sarocladium oryzae, Alternaria tenuis 및 Fusarium solani 등이 관여(關與)하였다. 병원균(病原菌)과 해충의 복합발생시(複合發生時)에 변색미발생(變色米發生)이 더 심하였고 병원균(病原菌)만의 발생시(發生時)는 변색미(變色米) 발생(發生)에 주로 영향(影響)을 미쳤으며 노린재류만의 발생시(發生時)는 수량감수(收量減收)에 더 큰 영향(影響)을 주었다. 그리고 노린재류에 의한 벼 유숙기간(乳熟期間)의 흡즙(吸汁)은 병원균침입(病原菌侵入)을 조장(助長)하여 벼의 질적(質的) 변화(變化)와 양적(量的) 감소(滅少)에 크게 영향(影響)하였다.

Theoretical profiles of selected rotational lines of C 2 CH, CN, TiO and MgH are computed by using the current models of sunspot unbrae and penumbrae. It is found that the lines of the diatomic carbides are enhanced in penumbrae relative to umbrae, while MgH lines are more strongly enhanced in umbrae than in penumbrae and the quiet photosphere. The results are discussed with respect to selecting lines suitable for studying the structure of sunspots.

Surface density distributions for globular clusters were obtained from photoelectric surface photometry (using centered aperture photometry). These surface brightness profiles were then compared with the theoretical surface density distribution of King's model. From the comparison of the theoretical and observed surface density distributions, we determine he structural parameters of the clusters (the core radius r c , the tidal cut off r t , and the concentration factor C).

A field study was conducted to understand nitrogen use efficiency of high yielding Japonica rice varieties under three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (90, 150 and 210 kg N ha -1 ) in Iksan, Korea. Two high yielding rice varieties, Boramchan and Deuraechan, and an control variety, Dongjin2, were grown in fine silty paddy. Nitrogen use efficiencies (NUE) were 83.3, 56.3, and 41.2 in 90, 150, and 210 kg N ha -1 fertilizer level, respectively. Total nitrogen uptake varied significantly among nitrogen levels and varieties. Variety Dongjin2 showed the highest nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), while Boramchan and Deuraechan showed higher nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE). However, Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) was higher in Boramchan (0.58) than Deuraechan (0.57) and Dongjin2 (0.53). Rough rice yield showed linear relationship with total nitrogen uptake (R 2 =0.72) within the range of nitrogen treatments. Boramchan produced significantly higher rough rice yield (8546 kg ha -1 ) which mainly due to higher number of panicles per m 2 compared to Deuraechan (7714 kg ha -1 ). Deuraechan showed higher number of spikelets per panicle, but showed lower yield due to lower number of panicle per m 2 . Rice varieties showed different nitrogen uptake ability and NUE at different nitrogen level. Plant breeders and agronomist should take advantage of the significant variations and relationships among grain yield, NUpE, and NUE.

Construction of the Asian Network for Sustainable Organic Farming Technology (ANSOFT) will be cooperatively administered by the public researchers in 12 Asian member countries from 2010 to 2012. ANSOFT will bring forward multiple reports, which will be constantly renewed by the member countries, regarding environmental issues, plant and landscape protection techniques, regulations and policies of each country’s government on an organic ag끼culture， and natural resources such as organic seeds and biological agents.

Controllable transgenic expression systems in transgenic animal model are valuable to the development of therapeutic approaches in human medical fields. The aim of this study was to 1) produce a transgenic cloned dog using inducible tetracycline vector system, and 2) investigate whether the transgenic cloned dog could be induced the transgene expression using doxycycline (Doxy). Canine fetal fibroblasts were infected with retroviral vectors designed to express the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene under the control of tetracycline-inducible promoter. For somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), nucleus of an in vivo matured oocyte was removed and an eGFP expressed cell cultured with 1 ㎍/㎖ of Doxy was injected. After electrical fusion and chemical activation, the reconstructed embryos were transferred to a recipient and pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography. Experiment I evaluated the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of infected cells while the cells were cultured in the presence of 1 ㎍/㎖ of Doxy for 5 days, and then in the absence of Doxy for 7 days using fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Experiment II was designed to produce an eGFP controllable transgenic cloned dog via SCNT. For verification of transgenic dog, experiment III was performed Southern Blot analysis and observation in vivo regulation of eGFP expression in the cloned dog treated with 100 ㎎/㎏ of Doxy every 2 days for 2 weeks under ultraviolet light. In experiment IV, western blot was used to detect eGFP increase and decrease in skin tissues of transgenic dog under the presence or absence of Doxy. In the results of experiment I, the MFI for infected cells was rapidly increased to approximately 42.3 times after 3 day-treatment compared to pre-treatment and quickly decreased 3 days after ceasing the treatment. In experiment II, a total of 203 embryos were transferred to nine recipients and three pregnant delivered three pups (Tet-on eGFP 0, Tet-on eGFP 1, and Tet-on eGFP 2) by C-sec and Tet-on eGFP 2 among them is still alive. All cloned pups were genetically identical to the donor cell. Tet-on eGFP 2 showed an apparent in vivo eGFP expression on her body after Doxy administration in experiment III. The result of Sothern blotting showed that the transgene insertion was detected from the three cloned dogs and all organs of Tet-on eGFP 1. Experiment IV indicated that a robust eGFP expression in skin tissue of Tet-on eGFP 2 rapidly increased after Doxy treatment and gradually decreased to basal level on 9 weeks after ceasing the treatment. In conclusion, we report here for the first time an inducible transgenic system in canine species and it can stably induce the transgene expression at intended time. This study has demonstrated the capacity to generate transgenic model dog which could regulate the transgene and it would contribute to human medical research fields.

The growth, yield and chemical properties of waxy corn Sonjajang~timesKNU-7 and Asan~timesKNU-7 planted in different dates and mulch types in a converted paddy field was investigated. Experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a split split-plot arrangement with four replications. Planting dates (D) [May 16 (D1, early), June 1 (D2, middle), June 6 (D3, late)] represented main plots, plastic mulch (M) [(BM, black mulch; TM, transparent mulch)] for subplots while waxy corn crosses [Sonjajang~timesKNU-7 (‘Sonja’) and Asan~timesKNU-7 (‘Asan’)] for sub-subplots. Results showed that D had a significant effect on growth characters except emergence, ear quality except ear diameter, and yield whereas M showed significant effect on growth characters only. Superior growth and ear quality performance were recorded in D1 and BM. In terms of crosses, ‘Sonja’ had better growth performance than ‘Asan’ regardless of D and M, but performed better at D1 and BM. Highest yield was obtained in D1 for BM (2,131 kg 10a-1 ) and TM (1,655 kg 10a-1 ) but no significant difference in the yield across V was recorded. In terms of starch and sugar contents, a decreasing trend was observed from D1 to D3 regardless of M and V.

Direct seeding is increasingly being practiced by rice farmers under both rainfed and irrigated conditions. The trend is the outcome of a scarcity of labour required for transplanting, simplicity and additional benefits associated with direct seeding. Flooding slows seed germination, imposes fatalities and delays seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice. This study describes responses of contrasting rice genotypes subjected to flooding or low oxygen stress during germination and discusses of tolernace shown by certain cultivars. In expt, two tolerant('Khao Hlan On', 'Khaiyan') and two intolerant('IR 42', 'IR 64') genotypes were used for growth and survival measurements. To compare effects of priming, pre-germination and germination on anaerobic tolerant and intolerant lines. Length of the longest shoot was measured in seedlings grown under either a control or in flooded soil, and plant survival was calculated based on the number of seedlings that emerged from floodwater. All measurements were 21 d after sowing. Tolerant and intolerant genotypes had the same seeding survival under normal soil conditions. But survival of intolerant genotypes were lower than tolerant genotypes. Growth of tolerant genotypes were faster than intolerant genotypes. Among the treatment, treatment 3 was greater. Because treatment 3 emerged first from water. Among the after days 1, 3, 5, survival was highest in after day 1. The other side, To late seeding over time, survival decreased.

"Early Valley", is an early maturing potato cultivar with high yield potential. "Early Valley" is a clonal selection resulting from the cross between 'Suncrisp' and 'A87109-10'. It has medium plant height and light green foliage. "Early Valley" has medium flowering habit and white flowers. Tubers are smooth, yellow skin, light yellow flesh, round tuber shape, medium eye depth, and medium dormancy and good keeping quality. It has stable yield under wide range of climatic conditions. "Early Valley" is resistance to late blight, but moderately susceptible to common scab and hollow heart. This cultivar is also resistant to potato rotting at harvesting during the raining season. "Early Valley" has high level of antioxidant activity (about three times higher) and vitamin C (higher by 40%) than the 'Superior'. This cultivar has high level of tuber uniformity and capable of yielding 36.56 t/ha which is 17.07% higher than the control potato cultivar 'Superior' under optimum agronomical practices.

2003년에 이상적으로 많이 발생하여 벼에 심각한 피해를 가져온 혹명나방의 재배방법별, 엽록소 함량별 피해실태를 조사하여 피해에 따른 수량반응, 미질변화 등을 구명하고자 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 혹명나방의 피해가 심할수록 벼의 등숙비율, 천립중의 감소와 복백립 등 미숙립의 증가에 따른 완전미 비율이 감소되어 완전미 수량이 피해가 심한 곳에서 36% 감소되었다. 2. 혹명나방의 피해가 심할수록 쌀의 외관상 품위가 떨어질 뿐만 아니라 단백질함량이 높아져 식미치는 감소되어 미질이 급격히 저하되었다. 3. 질소질 비료의 시용량이 증가할수록 혹명나방에 의한 피해는 증가하였으며, 특히 주남벼의 경우 질소량이 증가할수록 피해가 급증하였다. 4. 질소 시비량이 추천 시비량인 11 kg/10a를 초과시 피해엽율이 60% 이상으로 급증하였고, 60% 이상 피해를 입은 엽의 비율도 25%이상으로 늘어나 수량 감수 요인으로 작용하였다.