In this study, the effect of dry shrinkage of concrete pavement due to seasonal changes was analyzed by comparing the results of finite element analysis with the temperature and strain measurements at Incheon airport pavement. To measure the behavior of slab by environmental condition in site, static strain gauges and thermometers were installed. To predict changes in the properties of concrete slab, experiments were conducted in site as well as in the lab. The considered parameters of FEA were pavement conditions according to seasonal and material properties change. The results of field measurements and the strain by FEA analysis were different in terms of the effects of drying shrinkage. This is due to humidity changes not applied to input values during FEA analysis. In this study, the difference between the results of field measurements and the results of the finite element model analysis was used to identify the drying shrinkage occurring on the concrete slab. Long-term data analysis in the future will enable the analysis of the trends in drying shrinkage in airport concrete pavement. This study was supported by Incheon International Airport Corporation(BEX00625).

This study investigated whether orthodontic force influences the production of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in vivo, both of which are affected by cortical activation. Mechanical force was applied to the maxillary premolars of orthodontic patients by fitting the transpalatal arch prior to cortical activation of the gingival tissue. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were then collected from each patient using paper strips before and after 1, 3, 7 or 14 days of treatment. The OPG and RANKL levels in the GCF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The levels of OPG were significantly increased after 1 day of fitting the appliance and decreased to basal levels at 3 days after fitting. In contrast, the RANKL levels were dramatically decreased at 1 day after fitting, but recovered to those of the untreated control at 3 days after the force application. The force-mediated changes in the OPG and RANKL levels of the GCF were unaffected by cortical activation during these experimental periods. Collectively, these results suggest that an acute and severe change between the OPG and RANKL levels plays an important role in stimulating the cellular responses required for alveolar bone remodeling by orthodontic treatment.

In order to develop more stable seedling stand method in wet direct rice seeding culture, the effect of making the drainage ditches was studied in both methods of broadcast seeding on floody paddy surface and puddled-soil drill seeding. In a broadcast seeding on floody paddy surface, the ditching after seeding using a tractor or small ditch maker improved the seedling stand, and reduced the floating seedling and herbicide injury by accelerating the drainage. Suitable ditching time was at 2 days after seeding (DAS) for the tractor and at 3 DAS for the ditch maker. In the puddled-soil drill rice seeding culture, the ditching before seeding with a ditch maker at 3 days after draining effectively improved the seedling stand due to quick draining through well formed the seeding furrows. In the puddled-soil drill seeding, seedling stand number showed higher in both ditching plots synchronized with seeding compared with both only draining treatment at 1 DAS without ditching and the flooding plot condition for 6 DAS. And the suitable ditching depth was 6 cm, as considered the ditching status and drained status. These results suggest that the ditching in wet direct rice seeding is an resonable practice for improving the seedling stand through the accelerating drainage of field.

For the purpose of establishing an efficient propagation through airlift bioreactor system of Zingiber of officinale Rosc. Korean native Seosanjong, the effect of different factors and bioreactor on cultured plantlets were investigated. The highest number of plantlets, fresh weight per plant was obtained from explants when cultured in MS liquid medium including 0.3 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L kinetin for 40 days. A 10 L bottle type bubble bioreactor, compared with 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, was more efficient, producing 4.7 plantlets or from 1.5 to 1.6 times more than did the Erlenmeyer flask. The results demonstrate the rapid mass propagation of airlift bioreactor to produce normal ginger.

Callus cultures from leaf explants of Gypsophila paniculata L. cv. 'Bristol Fairy' have been tested their growth and morphogenic capacity on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.l, 0.5, 1 and 3 mg/L 2,4-D. The frequency of callus formation ranged from 43.3% to 100%. The optimal 2,4-D concentration for promoting callus formation and growth was 0.5 to 3 ㎎/L. 4.2∼ 5.6% of adventitious roots were obtained with the use of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D. Calli grown well on 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D was the heaviest among the calli grown in various concentrations.

Embryogenic callus cultures of Korean native Seosanjong of ginger(Zingiber of officinale Rosc.) were induced through stem explants taken from in vitro shoot-tip cultures. Among the four concentrations of 2,4-D tested in Murashige and Skoog medium, 0.5 and 1 mg/L of 2,4-D was most effective in inducing embryogenic callus. Leaf explants did not express any new morphogenetic response in all 2,4-D concentrations tested. Plantlets transferred to hormone-free MS medium were developed and successfully acclimatized under greenhouse.