Seniors have more economic power, leisure time and better health compared with the past; in addition, there with increased social activity opportunities that allow for active and independent consumption activities based on their economic independence. Therefore, the silver industry for elderly consumers is buoyant in the development of product planning and marketing strategies that target seniors. It is necessary to know the exact characteristics of advanced age along with feet studies that provide basic information on the shape of shoes; however, there are few studies on elderly men's feet. This study develops a shoe sizing system for elderly men based on previous studies which analyzed the aspects of sole shape for individuals aged 60 or over. The distribution on KS G 3405 (2001) was examined and basic items were selected based on a correlation analysis of items related to foot shape. The measurement interval was based on KS and cross analysis was conducted for basic items to select an interval which indicated a frequency of more than 5% by type with a measurement system established by type. The results of the study are as follow. A sizing system was developed with an interval of 5 mm for foot length, an interval of 3 mm for the circumference of the top of the foot and an interval of 6 mm for the circumference of the top of the foot within the same foot length standard to develop a shoe sizing system for elderly men. The respective sizing systems in accordance with type were developed and 12 types of sizing systems were suggested for elderly men to reflect characteristics by type. The differences in sizing system were compared by combining sizing systems by type of sole for elderly men. Type H consists of the greatest number of foot length sections using 7 sections of foot length at 235-265 mm, Type A consists of 6 sections of foot length at 240-265 mm and Type V and D consist of 6 sections of foot length at 235-260 mm. The circumference of the top of the foot has 7 sections from C to F; Type H and A consist of C-EEEE and Type V consists of 6 sections of D-F, and Type D consists of 5 sections of D-EEEE. Type H and A include the sections of small circumference of the top of the foot; however, Type V includes the sections of large circumference of the top of the foot and Type D includes the section of small foot length and a large circumference that indicated differences between type. Type H, subtype 1 (the frontal part of the foot is high and the central part of the foot is low) and 2 (the frontal part of the foot is low and the central part of the foot is high) shows the distribution of size appellation in the sections of C-D where the circumference of the top of the foot is smaller than subtype 3 (the frontal part of the foot is low and the central part of the foot is low) that indicated that the size table is suggested with the reflection of size appellation only for Type H of small width and large height. Appellations are classified in accordance with 3-dimensional type in the section less than 240 mm of foot length. Type V show the same distribution of the appellation (including the section of D-EEE) for all the three types, except for a part of the section of 260 mm. The size appellations of subtypes 2 and 3 are distributed in section F, which indicates the formative characteristics of the foot with a large width or height. Type A has differences in appellation distribution between 3-dimensional types; subtype 2 is distributed in the small circumference section and indicates that Type A has the foot shape with a small width and high height. The distribution of size appellation of subtypes 3 and 1 with the section of large circumference suggests that subtype 3 of Type A (the foot shape with the largest width) has no large foot length and subtype 1 has a large foot length. Type D has differences in appellation among three subtypes, but all of them are included in subtype 1 and suggests that the subtype 1 sizing system can be used. The results indicate that a shoe sizing system for elderly men by foot type could improve the suitability of shoes and provide a wider range of size and satisfaction that helps shoe makers produce shoes of various purpose and function for seniors.

The objective of this study is to measure the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and blood pressure(BP) in rats, following the intravenous injection of drug. The measurement was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter (Transonic Instrument, USA) and pressure tranducer(Grass, USA) in anesthetized adult Sprague-Dawley rats for about 2 to 2 and a half hours through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. The result of this experiment was as following 1. Poria increased the changes of rCBF in rats, significantly. 2. The rCBF of Poria was significantly decreased by pretreated propranolol, but not by pretreated L-NNA. 3. Radix Cynanchi Wilfordii decreased the changes of rCBF in rats, significantly. 4. The rCBF of Radix Cynanchi Wilfordii was not changed by pretreated propranolol and L-NNA. 5. Poria and Radix Cynanchi Wilfordii increased the changes of rCBF in rats, significantly. 6. The rCBF of Poria and Radix Cynanchi Wilfordii was significantly decreased by pretreated propranolol, but not by pretreated L-NNA. 7. Poria decreased the changes of BP in rats, significantly. 8. The BP of Poria was significantly increased by pretreated propranolol and L-NNA. 9. Radix Cynanchi Wilfordii did not change the BP in rats. 10. The BP of Poria and Radix Cynanchi Wilfordii did not change by pretreated propranolol but was increased by pretreated L-NNA. According to the result above, Poria and Radix Cynanchi Wilfordii have a different effect on each other, extract together. It is considered that the effect of Poria and Radix Cynanchi Wilfordii increased that of each drugs, the increasing rCBF of Poria and Radix Cynanchi Wilfordii is mediated by adrenergic β-receptor.