최근 다양한 생성형 인공지능 프로그램 기술이 발전하며, 대중적으로 상용화되면서 생성형 인공지능을 활용 한 미디어아트의 창작사례가 늘어나고 있다. 사진의 등장이 기존의 회화 작품을 대체하지 않고 새로운 예술 형태로 존재한 것과 같이 생성형 인공지능 기술을 활용한 미디어아트 예술 표현 또한 새로운 방식과 형태로 존재할 수 있다. 논문에서 열거한 생성형 인공지능 프로그램을 활용하여 창작된 사례들과 같이 하나의 작품 으로 증명이 되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 인공지능의 의미와 역사적으로 형성된 생성형 인공지능을 활용 한 작품 사례들을 살펴보고, 다양한 형태로 존재하고 있는 생성형 인공지능 프로그램을 기반으로 형성된 미 디어아트 작품을 분석해보고자 한다. 이를 통하여 방대한 빅데이터를 기반으로 존재하고 있는 생성형 인공지 능의 기술을 자유롭게 창작자가 예술작품으로 사용하며 다채로운 형태로 전시된 미디어아트의 제작과 방법 론에 보탬이 되고자 한다.

Insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was determined to be basically involved in a EPN-resistant (ER) strain and ER contaminated susceptible (CS) strain of diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella L.), as estimated by the AChE inhibition assay using DDVP as a inhibitor in nondenaturing electrophoresis gel. ER strain exhibited very high insensitivity revel, high resistance ratio and two point mutations (G227A, A201S) in ace1. CS strain showed intermediate insensitivity level, low resistance ratio and a point mutation (G227A). This finding suggests that the A201S mutation along with reported G227A mutation (Baek et al, 2005) can be main player to develop the organophosphate resistance. Additionally, surveyed seven local population DBMs saturated G227A mutation and A201S mutation mixed in some population. Also A441G mutation was detected in some population, but there was no significant correlation. These results suggest that A201S mutation could be one of the good candidate for molecular diagnosis marker of resistance monitoring.

유리전이온도가 95℃인 폴리스티렌 균질막에서 CO2의 수착과 투과실험을 온도는 60℃, 수착실험은 1.6 MPa 범위, 투과실험은 2.5 MPa 범위 내에서 각각 행하였다. 낮은 기체압력하에서는 수착등온선이 dual-mode sorption model에 일치하였으나 1.3 MPa 이상에서는 직선이었고, 직선부분은 원점까지 외삽되었다. 평균투과계수의 압력의존성은 dual-mode mobility model로부터 위로 편기되었다. 수착등온선으로부터 폴리스티렌 막은 1.3 MPa의 기체압력에서 수착된 CO2의 가소화거동에 의해서 유리전이가 일어난다는 것을 알았고, 이는 평균투과계수의 증가와 일치하였다.

Highly homogeneous and functional stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) are considered a promising option in the treatment of liver disease and the development of effective in vitro toxicity screening tool. However, the purity of cells and expression and/or activity of drug metabolizing enzymes in stem cell-derived HLCs are usually too low to be useful for clinical or in vitro applications. Here, we describe a highly optimized differentiation protocol, which produces more than 90% albumin-positive HLCs with no purification process. In addition, we show that hepatic enzyme gene expressions and activities were significantly improved by generating three-dimensional (3D) spheroidal aggregate of HLCs. The 3D differentiation method increased expressions of nuclear receptors that regulate the proper expression of key hepatic enzymes. Furthermore, a significantly increased hepatic functions such as albumin and urea secretion were observed in 3D hepatic spheroids and HLCs in the spheroid exhibited morphological and ultrastructural features of normal hepatocytes. Importantly, we show that repeated exposures to xenobiotics facilitated the functional maturation of HLC, as confirmed by increased expression of genes for drug metabolizing enzymes and transcription factors. In conclusion, the 3D culture system with repeated exposures to xenobiotics may be a new strategy for enhancing hepatic maturation of stem cell-derived HLCs as a cell source for in vitro high-throughput hepatotoxicity models.

Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells have received extensive attention in the development of drug screening and toxicity testing. However, it has been reported that stem cell-derived HLCs showed hepatic functions that were too limited to be of use in drug screening and toxicity testing, possibly due to the lack of sufficient intercellular communication under conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture conditions. Therefore, a 3D differentiation system may overcome the in vitro limitation of 2D culture to produce stem cell-derived hepatocytes with mature metabolic functions. In this study, the feasibility of using a silicone-based spherofilm, specifically designed to produce spherical cell clusters, to generate uniformly sized 3D hepatic spheroids from hESCs was investigated. Hepatic spheroids generated on the spherofilm showed more homogenous size and shape than those generated in conventional low-attachment suspension culture dishes. Results of immunohistochemical analysis showed that expression of the mature hepatic marker albumin (ALB) increased over time during the hepatic maturation process. Furthermore, the 3D culture system mimicked the in vivo 3D microenvironment. Laminin, which is an important component of hepatic ECM, was expressed in hepatic spheroids. The results of immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the 3D culture environment is capable of generating an in vivo-like microenvironment. In addition, quantitative PCR analysis showed that the mature hepatic marker ALB and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 were expressed at higher levels in 3D culture than in 2D culture. This indicates that the 3D culture system is suitable for hepatic maturation and that our size-controlled 3D culture conditions might accelerate hepatic function. These results suggest that 3D hepatic spheroids significantly enhance metabolic maturation of hepatocytes derived from hESCs