Porous metallic glass compact (PMGC) are developed by electro-discharge sintering (EDS) process of gas atomized Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 metallic glass powder under of 0.2 kJ generated by a 450 μF capacitor being charged to 0.94 kV. Functional iron-oxides are formed and growth on the surface of PMGCs via hydrothermal synthesis. It is carried out at 150oC for 48hr with distilled water of 100 mL containing Fe ions of 0.18 g/L. Consequently, two types of iron oxides with different morphology which are disc-shaped Fe2O3 and needle-shaped Fe3O4 are successfully formed on the surface of the PMGCs. This finding suggests that PMGC witih hydrothermal technique can be attractive for the practical technology as a new area of structural and functional materials. And they provide a promising road map for using the metallic glasses as a potential functional application.

In organic farming agriculture, integration of cover crop into cropping system is recommended to improve the soil quality, prevent soil erosion, and control weeds. The aim of this study was to control weeds in soybean fields by integration of cover crops such as hairy vetch and rye. Due 10 cover crop mulching, weeds occurrence and growth were radically decreased. One month later after transplanting, weed growth inhibition rate of hairy vetch and rye treatment were 98% and 89% respectively, while crimson clover treatment were 50%. These effects last long over two month. The soybean yield of hairy vetch treatment was best. Therefore using hairy vetch as cover crop was highly recommended in organic soybean field.

Vinegar has been considered as a potential organic herbicide, but more knowledge is needed about acetic acid concentration, application volume and use of adjutants on weed control. In this study, we determíned optímum acetic acid concentration and spraying time on several weed species. Vinegar is more effective in broadleaf weeds than grasses. Vinegar is also effective in controlling younger weeds such as 3rd weeks to 4th weeks after emergency. For example, 3rd weeks after emergency weeds were easily controlled at 2-3% of vinegar solution. But 4th weeks after emergency weeds were controlled at 4-5% of vinegar. Therefore vínegar concentration was recommended about 5%, and application time was when the weeds were young - within 31eaf stage.