Purpose: Aims of this study were to investigate the agreement and test-retest repeatability of two methods for measuring magnitude of soft toric lens rotation. The two methods assessed were a newly developed mobile application for iPhone which uses the built-in camera function and the slit lamp biomicroscope. Methods: Agreement of ToriExpertä against known reference source was tested under experimental situation. For clinical measurement, thirty three participants (66 eyes) wore toric lens (prism ballast design) both eyes. Two investigators measured toric lens rotation using the two methods which are slit-lamp measurement(HS-700) and mobile application. First investigator used the same method twice for assessment of test-retest repeatability of each method. Inter- and intra-investigator agreement and repeatability were assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Against the known reference sources, mean variance was 0.52±0.75 degree and limits of agreement was ±1.47 degree (95% of Cls). The limits of agreement between the silt-lamp biomicroscope and mobile application methods was ±9.1 degree (95% CIs). Measurements using the two different methods showed no statistically significant mean difference (paired t-test, p=0.32). Inter-investigator agreement of lens rotation was ±7.9 degree (95% CIs) using the slit-lamp microscope and ±7.8 degree using mobile application. Intra-investigator repeatability was ±6.6 degree using the slit lamp microscope and ±6.8 using mobile application. Conclusions: The results should be considered in view of the fact that soft toric lenses are not static but move with the blink thus the location of the reference point is unlikely to be at exactly the same location at the different measurement times. Despite this source of variability in the results, the newly developed mobile application provides clinically comparable performance to slit lamp biomicroscope measurement which does not appear to be investigator dependent. This mobile application may provide sufficient precision to those optometric practices have limited access to slit-lamp biomicroscope for measuring soft toric lens rotation.

본 연구는 반추동물의 조사료 자원으로서 거대억새를 개발하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 우리나라에서 새롭게 개발된 품종인 거대억새 1호를 완숙기 이후에 채취하여 in vitro 반추위 발효를 이용해반추위내 pH, 암모니아태 질소, 가스발생량, 휘발성 지방산 생성량 및 건물소화율을 조사하였으며,볏짚과 비교하여 평가하였다. 거대억새는 볏짚에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 반추위내 pH를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 암모니아태 질소의 경우 배양 12시간 이후에는 두 처리구간의 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다 (p>0.05). 배양 6시간 이후 부터는 거대억새의 가스발생량이 볏짚에 비하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 휘발성 지방산 생성량에 있어 acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate 및 총생상량에서 볏짚이 거대억새보다 높게 나타났다. 그러나 iso-butyrate와 iso-valerate에서는 두 조사료원별 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 건물소화율에 있어 배양 12~24시간 사이의 거대억새 소화율이 볏짚에 비하여 유의적으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 거대억새의 이용성은 볏짚의 약 80% 수준인 것으로 나타났다.