압출성형 결과 최근 관심이 많은 구증구포 흑삼에 함유 되는 진세노사이드인 Rg2, Rg5 등의 함량이 바렐온도가 높은 조건에서 매우 많이 증가되는 결과를 볼 수 있다 기존의 연구는 실험실 수준의 압출 성형기를 사용하였으나 산업화가 가능한 pilot-scale 설비를 사용하여 scale-up 공정의 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 preconditioner를 활용하여 압출성형 전에 수증기에 의한 수화 및 열처리를 통해서 보다 효율적인 인삼 가공공정이 가능한 공정으로 운영하였다. 압출성형 결과 최근 관심이 많은 구증구포 흑삼에 함유되는 진세노사이드인 Rg2, Rg5 등의 함량이 바렐온도가 높은 조건에서 매우 많이 증가되는 결과를 볼 수 있다. 이는 pilot scale twin-screw extruder 설비를 활용한 공정이 인삼의 가공 공정으로 산업화에 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 결과라 사료된다.

Cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) are innately undifferentiated cells located in the meristems of plant with function as a stem cell to renew itself or replace specialized tissues. Another interesting feature of plant stem cells is controlling the plant defense in response to various stresses. Several groups have studied for stem cell triggered immunity signaling however, the molecular basis of the stem cell triggered immunity remains unclear. We previously obtained deferentially expressed 563 stem cell specific gene profiles from transcriptome analysis between two different cell types, CMC and dedifferentiated dells (DDCs) of yew tree (Taxuscuspidate). In a line of comparative genomics approach, we have selected 30 Arabidopsis homologous immune regulator candidate genes that showed significantly enriched GO terms ; at “response to stress” and “defense response”. We obtained one of homologous knock-out (KO) Arabidopsis mutant line on the locus At1G71110 whose cognate yew homologous gene showed predominantly expressed in CMCs compared to DDCs (20 times higher). For the assessment of basal disease resistance KO mutant plants were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 and counted pathogen isolated from inoculated leaves. Interestingly, the KO mutant plants were not compromised in basal disease resistant, however, the hypersensitive response was significantly enhanced in the mutant compared to wild type in response to PstavrB, suggesting R-gene mediated defense response involved. We also investigated there sponse to the small reactive redox molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that associated significantly in plant immune response. Notably the KO mutant plants exhibited hypersensitivity specifically under nitrosative stress condition derived by S-nitrosiglutathione (GSNO), anitrioxide (NO) donor. Taken all together, putative endomembrane components At1G71110 may play a pivotal role in R gene mediated plant immune system. To further investigate its role(s) and molecular signaling network various defense gene expression profiles and functional genomics approach are ongoing for the long term aim of muti-stress tolerant crop development

Antioxidant activity, total phenolics level and cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts from the young sprouts of 5 Korean woody salad plants were determined. Methanol extracts of Kalopanax pictus had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 23.5mg 100g-1, and followed by Valeriana fauriei(43.1mg 100g-1), and Morus alba(〉100mg 100g-1). Total phenolic content showed the highest amount in methanol extracts from Kalopanax pictus(23.7mg 100g-1), and followed by Valeriana fauriei(22.7mg 100g-1), Aralia elata(16.8mg 100g-1) and Morus alba(14.2mg 100g-1). In a MTT assay, methanol extracts of Aralia elata with IC50 values of 151.0 and 140.7μg mL-1 showed the most potent cytotoxicity on Calu-6 and MCF-7, respectively. On the other hand, methanol extracts of Kalopanax pictus(IC50=96.5μg mL-1) showed the highest activity against HCT-116, and followed by those of Aralia elata(123.3μg mL-1), and Actinidia arguta(162.0μg mL-1). Total phenolic content of the tested plant extracts was correlated with the DPPH radical scavenging activity, suggesting the phenolic compounds may contribute to the antioxidant properties of Korean salad plants.

Antioxidant activity of the extract fractions from leaves, stems, roots and flowers of Cirsium pendulum Fisch. was investigated. The results showed the greatest antioxidant activities in leaves by Rancimat, TBA and DPPH methods. Extracts of common thistle plants dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity, The extract from flowers and its hexane fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis showed that BuOH fraction of the leaves had the highest amount of antioxidant chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids at 5.38 and 9.71 mg 100 g-1, respectively. It implies that common thistle plants had potent antioxidant activity, and their activities were differently exhibited depending on plant part and solvent fraction.

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an increasingly important human food source, as well as a new functional agent, mainly due to its potent antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to determine antioxidant activity of fractions from mung bean seeds by measuring DPPH radical scavenging activity and to quantify the flavonoids by means of HPLC analysis. Vitexin and isovitexin were present in both ethanol and water extracts in highest amount. Flavonoids, vitexin and isovitexin were quantified from 195 germplasms of mung beans and their concentrations varied by 4.7 fold. Especially, the breeding line KM99004-4B-2 (Suwon28/KM94004), which has grown in Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, showed the highest amount (15.88 mg/g) of total flavonoids. The vitexin portion was averaged 70.73±1.38%. High positive correlation (r=0.96***) between vitexin and isovitexin contents showed. However, the flavonoid content showed very low correlation with the 24 growth and ecological characteristics. Seed coats of mung beans had the highest flavonoid amount, showing 50~70 times more than cotyledons. Flavonoid contents in the seed, the cotyledon, and the seed coat were decreased as the seed imbibition time increased.