The yields of the fractions of n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble and methanol-soluble from the P. densiflora sawdust were obtained 1.36%, 2.21% and 4.03% using organic solvents, respectively (Table 1). The antifungal activity of the n-hexane extracts against L. edodes at concentrations 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm were 36.5%, 41.2%, 43.1%, 45.4% and 47.6%, respectively (Table 2). The percent of antifungal activity against L. edodes was the greatest for the n-hexane extracts, ranging from 36.5% to 47.6% at a concentrations of 125 ppm to 1000ppm, with the values for all concentrations significantly different from one another. In this experiment, the antifungal activity by the n-hexane extracts was the highest. This result supposed that the n-hexane extracts have not only many more inhibitory compounds against L. edodes than the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts but also the inhibitory compound may be more easily dissolved by n-hexane than by ethyl acetate or methanol.

The yields of the n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble, methanol-soluble and methanol-insoluble fractions from the powdered water extracts were 8.2%, 10.6%, 32.0% and 49.2%, respectively (Table 1). The antifungal activities of water extracts, n-hexane-soluble fraction, ethyl acetate-soluble fraction, methanol-soluble fraction and methanol-insoluble fraction against L. edodes were 23.5%, 26.2%, 41.5%, 25.4% and 2.5%, respectively, at 1000ppm (Figure3). The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed much higher antifungal activity than the other fractions. The antifungal activity of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction against L. edodes at 1000 ppm showed a statistically significant difference in the fractions of n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble, methanol-soluble and methanol-insolub

1. Antifungal activity of water extracts The antifungal activity of the water extracts against L. edodes was proportional to the concentration of the water extracts. The antifungal activity of the water extracts at 1000 ppm was the highest among the tested concentration against L. edodes mycelia. The antifungal activity were significantly different from each concentration of the water extracts. Therefore, it can be concluded that the water extracts of the P. densiflora sawdust have inhibitory compounds to the growth of L. edodes mycelia. 2. Yield and antifungal activity of fractions from water extracts The powdered water extracts was further treated serially using organic solvents in order to separate the water extracts into the fractions of n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble, methanol-soluble and methanol-insoluble. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed much higher antifungal activity than the other fractions. The antifungal activity of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction against L. edodes at 1000 ppm showed a statistically significant difference in the fractions of n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble, methanol-soluble and methanol-insoluble. And, there was not significantly difference between the antifungal activities of the n-hexane-soluble and methanol-soluble fractions at 1000 ppm. 3. Antivungal activity of fractions of organic solvent extracts The fractions were isolated from each organic solvent by the silica-gel column chromatography and then the fractions were confirmed and divided on the values of Rf by the thin-layer chromatography. The fractions were produced six band of the n-hexane, nine band of the ethyl acetate and eight band of the methanol extracts. The HIII fraction from the n-hexane extracts showed the highest growth inhibition against L. edodes mycelium.

After having inoculated the mycelium of L. edodes on the block medium, the P. densiflora sawdust of the B and C groups were the slowest of their respective groups on day 169.4 and day 169.9 harvesting times. The first harvest of the fruiting body from the Q. variabilis sawdust of the control medium was obtained on day 162.9

To establish the optimal manufacturing conditions of soybean koji, soybean Koji prepared with Aspergillus oryzae 6-M-1 and Bacillus subtilis 3-B-1 isolated from traditional Korean meju. During 7 days of making Koji, the amount of amino-type nitrogen was getting more increase. The amount of amino-type nitrogen of Koji prepared with A. oryzae 6-M-1 was 686.16 mg% (w/w), that of Koji with B. subtilis 3-B-1 was 643.46 mg% (w/w) at seventh day of making Koji. The α-amylase activity of Koji prepared with A. oryzae 6-M-1 was 1472.54 unit/g, that of Koji with B. subtilis 3-B-1 was 791.00 units/g on the seventh day of the making. The acidic protease activity of Koji prepared with A. oryzae 6-M-1 was 309.00 unit/g, that of Koji with B. subtilis 3-B-1 was 135.88 unit/g at 7th day of making. The amount of amino-type nitrogen and enzyme activities of soybean Koji prepared with A. oryzae 6-M-1 and B. subtilis 3-B-1 were produced more than those of wheat flour Koji made in factory. Sensory evaluation on a commercial doenjang and doenjangs prepared with A. oryzae 6-M-1 and B. subtilis 3-B-1 was not significantly different at p<0.05.

The extracts of Pinus densiflora sawdust by n hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent were investigated to identify their mycelial growth inhibition against Lentinus edodes. The yields of n hexane soluble fraction, ethyl acetate-soluble fraction, and methanol soluble fraction from P. densiflora sawdust were obtained 1.36%, 2.21% and 4.03% using organic solvent, respectively. The mycelial growth inhibition of L. edodes was the greatest for n hexane extract, ranging from 36.5% to 47.6% at concentrations of 125 ppm to 1,000 ppm, with the values for all concentrations significantly different from one another. After direct extraction of P. densiflora sawdust using n hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, each extract was separated into three fractions by silica gel column chromatography and then the fractions were isolated on the values of Rf by thin layer chromatography. The mycelial growth inhibition against L. edodes was recognized in the fractions II (33.5%) and III (37.6%) of n hexane extract, the fraction II (21.4%) of ethyl acetate extract and the fraction II (26.4%) of methanol extract. The fractions III of n-hexane extract showed the highest growth inhibition among the nine fractions of the organic solvent extract.