본 논문은 주로 1980년대 후반과 1990년대 전반에 걸쳐 유럽연합에 투자한 우리나라 다국적기업들이 투자대상국들을 선정함에 있어서 어떠한 경제적 요인들을 고려하였는가를 분석하였다. 유럽연합 국가들에 대한 횡단면 자료를 회귀분석한 결과에 의하면 각 국가들의 시장규모, 한국과의 교역 수준, 투자유인책 등은 한국으로부터의 투자유입액과 높은 상관관계를 보여주었다. 즉 한국의 다국적기업들은 넓은 시장에서 충분한 구매력을 확보하여 규모의 경제를 살릴 뿐만 아니라 평소에 수출 실적이 높은 국가에 투자함으로써 이미 축적된 경험과 이미지를 활용하였으며 기존의 수출 시장을 경쟁업체들로부터 보호하고자 하는 노력을 기울였다고 해석할 수 있다. 그리고 현지 정부의 투자유인책에 민감하게 반응하여 정착비용을 줄임으로써 초기에 이익을 실현하고자 하는 의도를 보여주었다. 이에 반하여 유럽 국가들의 임금 수준과 기술 수준은 유의한 설명력을 보이는 데에 실패하였다. 즉 한국 기업들의 대유럽 투자는 근본적으로 시장 지향적이므로 노동과 기술 등의 생산요소에는 보다 적은 관심을 부여하였다고 할 수 있다. 한국의 다국적기업들은 유럽진출의 초기에서 이처럼 방어적이고 보수적인 전략을 나타내고 있지만 시간이 지남에 따라 위험을 수용하는 태도를 보여 미개척 시장과 투자유인 수준이 낮은 국가들에도 적극적으로 진출할 것으로 예상된다.

Background : Cylindrocarpon root rot, caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani, is a major disease which lead to replanting failure in ginseng garden. Chlamydospores of C. destructans, generated by poor environmental condition, can survived more than ten years in soil without host plant, ginseng. Density of soil pathogens gradually decreased as the progress of time since ginseng was harvested. Methods and Results : Soil chemical properties was analyzed from soil samples of 43 regions in farmer’s ginseng garden to study the variation of content and the correlation among inorganic contents. Soil samples of 24 regions was also analyzed to study correlation between progressed-year after ginseng harvest and soil chemical properties. Variation of soil chemical properties in descending order was Fe, Zn, P2O4, NO3, Mn. The content of Fe and Zn were great variation among inorganic chemicals of soil of farmer’s field. Electrical conductivity to induce physiological demage in excessive concentration showed highly significant positive correlation with the content of NO3 and K. As the progress of year after ginseng harvest, the content of organic matter and zinc was increased, while pH and Na were decreased in farmer’s field to cultivate ginseng. There were highly significant positive correlation between the progress of year after ginseng harvest and zinc content in farmer’s field to cultivate ginseng. Ratio of root rot of 2-year-old ginseng showed significant positive correlation with K content, and negative correlation in experimental field cultured by six rotation crops for one year. Conclusion : Root rot by soil pathogens was closely related with the content of potassium and zinc in soil chemical properties.

Background : Root diseases caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani decrease the yield and quality of ginseng. Cylindrocarpon root rot is a major disease caused by replanting failure in ginseng garden. Methods and Results : Solarization was done in the infested soil of the greenhouse for summer season (from July 24 to Autumn 31, 2014) after putting green manure (Sudan grass) and calcium cyanamide (CC) into the soil. Mycelium and conidia of C. destructans died at 4 0℃ after 15 hours, and 45℃ after 5 h, but it did not die at 35℃ after 15 h. Those of C. destructans died after keeping it for 2 hours daily at 40℃ for 9 days, and 45℃ for 8 days, but did not die at 38℃ for 9 days. Maximum soil temperature was 55.4℃ in 5 cm depth, 48.7℃ in 10 cm, 44.7℃ in 15 cm, 42.5℃ in 20 cm, and 31.9℃ in 30 cm by putting green manure into the soil and solarization. Reduction of sudan grass increased electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, P2O5, K, and Mg, while decreased pH, NO3-N, and Na. Addition of calcium cyanamide and urea gave a negative effect on the growth of ginseng because EC and NO3-N were increased excessively than the optimal range. Solarization using green manure mixed with CC was the most effective in decreasing soil-borne pathogens of 2-year-old ginseng. But the root disease that occurred between single treatment of sudan grass and the treatment mixed with calcium cyanamide showed not a significant different. Addition of calcium cyanamide showed the decrease of root weight because leaves were dead early by a excessive increase of EC and NO3-N. Conclusion: Soil disinfection using green manure and solarization in greenhouse was effective in inhibiting root rot, however, it did not completely kill the soil-borne pathogens.