가상 현실은 현재 미래 지향적인 IT 콘텐츠 분야이며 엔터테인먼트 분야뿐만 아니라 교육, 건축 및 의료 분야까지 꾸준히 확장되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 Unity3D 엔진을 사용하여 심리 치료 콘텐츠의 프로토 타입을 개발하여 심리 치료 콘텐츠로써 가상 현실의 가능성을 실험하고 분석하였다. 심리 치료 시스템과 연결될 수 있는 가상 현실 요소를 분석 한 후 효과적인 치료 요인을 도출하였다. 가상 현실은 다른 콘텐츠에 비해 몰입감과 현 존감이 매우 강한 콘텐츠이다. 현재 엔터테인먼트 산업은 가상 현실 분야에서 가장 발전 된 분야이지만 머지않아 가상 현실이 심리 치료 분야에서 주 콘텐츠가 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 심리 치료와 관련된 VR 콘텐츠를 연구하고 심리 치료에 효과적인 VR 요소를 추출한 후 Unity3D 엔진을 사용하여 무대 공포증을 치료할 수 있는 가상 현실 콘텐츠의 프로토 타입을 개발하였다. Unity3d 엔진은 VR 콘텐츠 제작에 효과적이고 최적화된 프로 그램이다. 실험 대상 환자와 충분한 피드백 후 환자에 최적화된 시나리오로 프로토타입이 개발되었다. 무대 공포증을 단계적으로 치료할 수 있는 심리 치료 콘텐츠 테스트 결과 일반 상담형, 자료 감상형 치료보다 치료 효과에 대한 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 향후 개발된 환자 맞춤형 VR 심리 치료 콘텐츠 개발 연구를 위한 예비 연구로써, 심리 치료 콘텐츠로써의 VR의 가능성을 증명하는데 기여할 것이다.

대류열전달은 겨울철 온실 열손실의 중요한 원인이 되며, 일반적으로 복사열에 의한 손실보다 더 크다. 스크린의 대류열전달계수를 자연상태에서 측정한 연구가 수행된 바는 있지만 상하면의 재질이 동일하고 공극이 없는 스크린에 대해서는 적용을 할 수 없는 방법이다. 이러한 재질의 스크린은 한국에서 많이 사용되고 있으나 대류열전달 특성을 파악하는데 많은 어려움이 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 공극이 없는 3가지 종류의 스크린에 대해 대류열전달계수를 구하였으며, 계수를 산정하기 위하여 복사열수지 이론에 근거하여 산정방법을 개발하였다. 실험장치에 스크린을 설치하고 일사량, 장파복사량, 대기온도, 스크린 및 흑색천의 표면온도, 풍속 등을 측정하였다. 스크린의 표면온도와 주변온도의 차이에 따른 대류열전달계수를 산정하였다. 풍속이 거의 없는 상태에서 온도의 차이가 증가함에 따라 계수는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

온실에서 겨울철 야간에는 열손실을 줄이기 위한 목적으로, 여름철 주간에는 차광을 위한 목적으로 스크린을 사용하고 있다. 온실의 냉난방 에너지 절감효과에 큰 영향을 미치는 스크린의 장파복사 방사율과 흡수 율은 온실에 설치할 적절한 스크린을 선택하는데 있어서 중요한 요소가 되며 이러한 특성값들을 정확하게 측 정할 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 외부 환경조건에서 스크린의 장파복사 특성의 측정과 관련된 연구가 일부 수 행된 바 있지만 모든 종류의 스크린에 적용할 수 있는 방법은 아니고 공극이 있는 스크린 자재에만 적용이 가능한 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 순복사계 및 야간복사계를 사용하여 온실 스크린의 장파복사 흡수량과 방사량을 측정하고, 방사율, 흡수율 및 투과율을 결정하는 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 특성값의 측정은 공극이 0인 4가 지 종류의 스크린 자재에 대하여 수행하였다. 모든 자재가 장파복사 방사량이 흡수량보다 높게 나타났다. PE, LD-13, LD-15 and PH-2의 장파복사 방사율은 각각 0.439±0.020, 0.460±0.010, 0.454±0.004, and 0.499±0.006 범위로 나타났다.

Methyl bromide (MB) has been still routinely used in quarantine fumigation on imported citrus, although there had been issuing chronic inhalation toxicity to fumigators and related workers as well as phytotoxic damages after fumigation. Ethyl formate (EF), is the only option to replace MB in terms of its safety for consumers (food additive and naturally occurred) and worker with higher threshold level limit (TLV = 100 ppm). Its application technology also provide cost effectiveness, good commercial practice in terms of application time (< 10 min) for 40 ft container. The replacement of MB with EF is recommended not to fumigate with hazardous and phasing-out MB on imported oranges.

In this study, various conditions and phenomena that occur in the process of removing odorous VOCs by using electrolyzed oxidant were examined. The formation of hypochlorous acid, which is an oxidant produced by electrolysis, was investigated and the properties of the oxidizing agent used to decompose toluene, xylene, and cyclohexane were investigated. As a result, it was found that the production rate and the final concentration of the oxidizing agent increased with the current density. It was found that the degree of removal varies depending on the property of each pollutant. Interestingly, in the batch experiments in which the pH of the produced oxidant was controlled, it was found that the degree of elimination varied depending on the pH of the substance. These results suggest that the difference in the concentration and distribution of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite (OCl−) due to the pH change leads to the difference in oxidizing power on the oxidation characteristics of each substance. Styrene and terpineol showed better degradation characteristics than toluene and xylene in odorous VOC removal experiments by spraying electrolytic oxidant using a lab-scale continuous reactor. In conclusion, the removal of odorous VOCs by the electrolytic oxidant can have various applications in that it can oxidize pollutants of various spectra.

To date, there are no protocols optimized to the effective separation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from testicular cells derived from mouse testes, thus hindering studies based on mouse SSCs. In this study, we aimed to determine the most efficient purification method for the isolation of SSCs from mouse testes among previously described techniques. Isolation of SSCs from testicular cells derived from mouse testes was conducted using four different techniques: differential plating (DP), magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) post-DP, MACS, and positive and negative selection double MACS. DP was performed for 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 h, and MACS was performed using EpCAM (MACSEpCAM), Thy1 (MACSThy1), or GFR α1 (MACSGFRα1) antibodies. The purification efficiency of each method was analyzed by measuring the percentage of cells that stained positively for alkaline phosphatase. DP for 8 h, MACSThy1 post-DP for 8 h, MACSGFRα1, positive selection double MACSGFRα1/EpCAM, and negative selection double MACSGFRα1/α-SMA were identified as the optimal protocols for isolation of SSCs from mouse testicular cells. Comparison of the purification efficiencies of the optimized isolation protocols showed that, numerically, the highest purification efficiency was obtained using MACSGFRα1. Overall, our results indicate that MACSGFRα1 is an appropriate purification technique for the isolation of SSCs from mouse testicular cells.

The osmolarity of a medium that is commonly used for in vitro culture (IVC) of oocytes and embryos is lower than that of oviductal fluid in pigs. In vivo oocytes and embryos can resist high osmolarities to some extent due to the presence of organic osmolytes such as glycine and alanine. These amino acids act as a protective shield to maintain the shape and viability in high osmotic environments. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of glycine or/and alanine in medium with two different osmolarities (280 and 320 mOsm) during IVC on embryonic development after parthenogenesis (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in pigs. To this end, IVC was divided into two stages; the 0-2 and 3-7 days of IVC. In each stage, embryos were cultured in medium with 280, 320, or 360 mOsm and their combinations with or without glycine or/and alanine according to the experimental design. Treatment groups were termed as, for example, "T(osmolarity of a medium used in 0-2 days of IVC)-(osmolarity of a medium used in 3-7 days of IVC)" T280-280 was served as control. When PA embryos were cultured in medium with various osmolarities, T320-280 showed a significantly higher blastocyst formation (29.0%) than control (22.2%) and T360-360 groups (6.9%). Glycine treatment in T320-280 significantly increased blastocyst formation (50.4%) compared to T320-280 only (36.5%) while no synergistic was observed after treatment with glycine and alanine together in T320-280 (45.7%). In contrast to PA embryonic development, the stimulating effect by the culture in T320-280 was not observed in SCNT blastocyst development (27.6% and 23.7% in T280-280 and T320-280, respectively) whereas the number of inner cell mass cells was significantly increased in T320-280 (6.1 cells vs. 9.6 cells). Glycine treatment significantly improved blastocyst formation of SCNT embryos in both T280-280 (27.6% vs. 38.0%) and T320-280 (23.7% vs. 35.3%). Our results demonstrate that IVC in T320-280 and treatment with glycine improves blastocyst formation of PA and SCNT embryos in pigs.

국가기관과 기업은 정비사를 양성을 위한 고등학교부터 대학교, 기업 훈련센터 같은 교육기관을 만들어 숙련된 정비사로 훈련시키려고 많은 노력을 하고 있다. 하지만 교재를 이용한 이론교육과 현장에서 사용하지 않는 장비를 이용한 실습교육으로는 제대로 된 정비교육을 진행하지 못하며 특수 장비를 활용한 교육이나 위험한 상황을 가정한 정비의 교육은 매우 위험하여 영상이나 사진으로 교육을 진행하고 있었다. 최근에는 VR과 AR을 접목하여 단순정비에서 특수정비까지 시뮬레이션으로 안전하게 상황을 체험하고 문제를 해결하는 효과적인 교육 시뮬레이션이 연구되고 개발되는 사례가 많이 있다. 본 논문에서는 다누리 VR과 DisTi Engine, Remote AR을 비교분석하고, 유니티 엔진 기반으로 외부에서 전달된 정보를 기반으로 콘텐츠를 디바이스 화면에 최적화하여 출력하는 AR API 를 소개하고, VR 디바이스인 HTC Vive의 컨트롤러와 HMD의 정보를 실시간으로 수집하고 수집된 정보를 파일에 저장하는 VR API를 구현한 사례를 소개했다. 본 연구에서 구현한 API를 사용하면 콘텐츠를 제작할 때 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

We conducted quarantine insect species diversity monitoring using DNA barcoding with 517 lepidopteran samples that were obtained from quarantine inspections of foreign vessels entering Korea. The DNA barcode of each sample was treated as a molecular operational taxonomic unit (MOTU). For species delimitation and species identification of the analyzed samples, we applied a 2% cutoff rule and then identified with using BLAST of NCBI GenBank and BOLD System ver. 3.0. Consequently, 517 analyzed samples were delimited as 214 putative species across 20 families. Of these 214 putative species 145 (368 samples) were considered taxonomically identified if the closest BLAST match was no more than 2% different. Therefore the number of samples that were identified to the species level was relatively low, at approximately 71%. 115 of the 145 species were known in Korea. Of the 30 species that were not known in Korea, three, i.e., Noctua pronuba (Noctuidae), Orthosia hibisci (Noctuidae), and Pieris brassicae (Pieridae), were checked as ‘Regulated pests’ in Korea. We suggest that the three regulated pest species could be prevented from being introduced to Korea if monitoring of the vessels that pass the navigation route that contains these three species is performed consistently. Therefore, we suggest that the monitoring of quarantined insect pest enables the prevention of the introduction of alien species.

Porcine spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) prefer three-dimensional (3D) culture systems to 2D ones for the maintenance of self-renewal. Of the many 3D culture systems, agar-based hydrogels are candidates for supporting porcine SSC self-renewal, and there are various types of agar powder that can be used. In this study, we sought to identify an agar-based 3D hydrogel system that exhibited strong efficacy in the maintenance of porcine SSC self-renewal. First, 3D hydrogels with different mechanics were prepared with various concentrations of Bacto agar, lysogeny broth (LB) agar, and agarose powder, and the 3D hydrogel with the strongest alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and greatest increase in colony size was identified for the different types of agar powder. Second, among the porcine SSCs cultured in the different 3D hydrogels, we analyzed the colony formation, morphology, and size; AP activity; and transcription and translation of porcine SSC-related genes, and these were compared to determine the optimal 3D hydrogel system for the maintenance of porcine SSC self-renewal. We found that 0.6% (w/v) Bacto agar-, 1% (w/v) LB agar-, and 0.2% (w/v) agarose-based 3D hydrogels showed the strongest maintenance of AP activity and the most pronounced increase in colony size in the culture of porcine SSCs. Moreover, among these hydrogels, the strongest transcription and translation of porcine SSC-related genes and largest colony size were detected in porcine SSCs cultured in the 0.2% (w/v) agarose-based 3D hydrogel, whereas there were no significant differences in colony formation and morphology. These results demonstrate that the 0.2% (w/v) agarose-based 3D hydrogel can be effectively used for the maintenance of porcine SSC self-renewal.