The effects of nano addition to superconducting properties of processed superconductors was examined. 0.1 wt.% and 1 wt.% nano powders were mixed with boron and magnesium powders by ball milling. The powder mixtures were made into pellets by uniaxial pressing. The pellets were heat-treated at in argon atmosphere for formation. It was found by powder X-ray diffraction that the raw powders were completely converted into after the heat treatment. The superconducting transition temperature () and critical current density (), estimated from susceptibility-temperature and curves, were decreased by nano addition. The and decrease by nano addition are attributed to the incorporation of iron and carbon with lattices (Fe substitution for Mg and C substitution for B) due to the high reactivity of the nano powder.

In this paper, the electrochemical non-enzyme immunosensor has been developed for the determination of salmonella antigen, using inverse voltammetry. For the estimation of salmonella antigen concentration, the nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion method were conjugated with salmonella antigen. Then, the immunocomplex between antibody immobilized on the transducer surface and antigen containing a magnetic nanoparticles was formed. From the linear relationship between the reduction peak current of Fe(III) and salmonella antigen concentration, it is suggested that the electrochemical non-enzyme biosensor is applicable to detect salmonella antigen in the concentration range of

Mechanical coating process was applied to form 89 %-hydrolyzed poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) onto boron carbide (B4C) nanopowder using one step high energy ball mill method. The polymer layer coated on the surface of B4C was changed to glass-like phase. The average particle size of core/shell structured B4C/PVA was about 50 nm. The core/shell structured B4C/PVA was formed by dry milling. However, the hydrolyzed PVA of 98~99% with high glass transition temperature (Tg) was rarely coated on the powder. The Tg of polymer materials was one of keys for guest polymer coating on to the host powder by solvent free milling.

[ ](R=Pr, Nd, and Sm) was synthesized and their magnetic properties and charge ordering(CO) transition related with lattice dynamics and oxygen vacancy were systematically investigated. The charge disproportion ation(CD) in (R=Pr,Nd) was in which two kins of iron with valence state and were found with ratio of 2:1. In this charge ordering state a sequence of exists aligned along the [111] direction of the pseudocubic perovskite structure. The charge ordering exist in distorted structure involving hybridization. The disordering phases coexist in distorted structure as temprature in creases that is controlled amount of oxygen vacancy. The magnetic hyperfine fields indicate charge tranfering temperature as it dissapeared drastically.