This study aims to examine how the marketing characteristics of Wanghong (Chinese internet influencers) influence Chinese consumer attitudes and purchase intentions toward fashion products. Specifically, it investigates how the factors of expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness play a critical role in shaping consumer behavior in the digital marketing landscape. The study employed a survey-based quantitative approach, collecting data from 272 Chinese consumers engaging regularly with Wanghong marketing content. A structured questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale was developed, incorporating validated measurement items from previous studies. The collected data were then analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The findings indicate that while expertise negatively influences consumer attitudes, trustworthiness and attractiveness have a positive impact. Furthermore, trustworthiness and attractiveness were found to significantly enhance purchase intention, while expertise was found to have no significant effect. Additionally, the findings showed that consumer attitudes toward Wanghong-mediated marketing play a mediating role in the relationship between Wanghong characteristics and purchase intention, with the results suggesting that consumers perceive highly knowledgeable Wanghong as distant or overly commercial, reducing their willingness to engage. In contrast, Wanghong who exhibit trustworthiness and personal appeal are more effective in driving consumer interest and purchases. These findings provide valuable insights for fashion brands aiming to optimize influencer marketing strategies in China, emphasizing the importance of relationship-driven and authenticity-focused marketing.

이 연구는 중국과 한국 주요 영화제인 베이징 국제영화제와 전주 국제 영화제 포스터의 색채 디자인과 문화적 상징성에서 나타나는 문화 간 차 이를 탐구한다. IMAGE COLOR SUMMARIZER와 한국 표준 색채 분석 (KSCA) 프로그램을 활용하여 색채가 감정 표현과 문화적 상징성에서 차 지하는 역할을 정량적 및 정성적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 한국 포스 터는 차가운 색조와 미니멀한 디자인을 선호하여 이성적 미학을 강조하 는 반면, 중국 포스터는 따뜻한 색조와 전통적인 요소를 사용하여 문화 적 풍부함과 국제적 매력을 전달하는 것으로 나타났다. Schmitt의 감각 경험 이론을 통해 본 연구는 브랜드 구축과 문화적 커뮤니케이션에서 독 특한 시각적 전략을 강조하며, 문화 간 시각 커뮤니케이션 연구에 기여 하고자 한다.

이 연구는 글로벌화의 관점에서 한국의 부산국제영화제와 중국의 상하 이국제영화제 포스터 디자인을 비교 분석한 것이다. 문화 상징과 색채 사용을 중심으로 두 국가 영화제 포스터의 브랜드 이미지 구축과 문화적 표현의 차이를 탐구한다. 본 연구는 이론적 틀로 Schmitt의 전략적 경험 모듈(SEMs)을 활용하고, 정량적 색채 분석을 위해 한국표준색채분석 (KSCA) 프로그램을 도입하여 시각적 상징이 어떻게 문화적 상징성과 감 성적 공감을 전달하는지 살펴본다. 연구 결과, 부산영화제 포스터는 한색 계열을 선호하여 이성적이고 미니멀한 현대 미학을 반영하고 있으며, 상 하이영화제 포스터는 난색 계열과 풍부한 문화적 상징을 통해 강한 국가 정체성과 감성적 매력을 전달하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이 연구는 글로벌 화의 맥락에서 한국과 중국 영화제의 브랜드 포지셔닝 및 디자인 전략의 차별성을 강조하며, 국제 영화제 포스터에 문화 상징을 적용하는 것에 대한 이론적 통찰과 실질적인 참고 자료를 제공한다.

This study investigates the cognitive characteristics and transition flow of team mental models in virtual reality environments (VRE) compared to Zoom-based collaboration during fashion design problem-solving processes. Using the VRE platform Spatial.io as a case study, the study examines how virtual reality technologies influence the formation of shared mental models among collaborators. The objective is to identify key cognitive features that VREs offer to support problem-solving in multidisciplinary fashion design collaborations. The study employed a comparative experimental design, involving professionals from fashion design, marketing, and production. Participants completed the design concept generation tasks in both VRE and Zoom environments, all interactions were recorded and coded, with the analysis focusing on cognitive transitions, verbal dynamics, and collaborative behavior patterns across both environments. The results reveal that VRE fosters higher frequencies of environmental interaction (EI-EI), cognitive integration (CIM-CI), and planning to execution transitions in team interactions (PP-PIM), forming multidirectional feedback loops. These features enhanced dynamic adaptation to environmental stimuli. In contrast, Zoom-based collaboration relied heavily on linear verbal communication, with fewer cognitive transitions and limited structural feedback loops, thereby reducing efficiency in idea evaluation and execution in team interaction. The study highlights the potential of VREs to transform collaborative practices in fashion design by enabling immersive and multidimensional interactions, contributing to advancing digital collaboration strategies in creative industries, with implications for education and interdisciplinary innovation.

This study focuses on the effectiveness of regional business support programs funded by South Korea's Balanced National Development Special Account, one of the policies designed to address regional imbalances and promote local autonomy. Using the analytical approach including DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) methodology, This study analyzed the efficiency of 76 star companies in the Jeonbuk region based on their performance from 2018 to 2023. This study was designed to improve previous studies limitations, which only analyzed simple input-output efficiency in the short term, by using six years of mid-term data to comprehensively evaluate input variables in both R&D and Non-R&D sectors. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the expiring Star Company Development Program by evaluating efficiency of supported company groups using DEA and to propose support models and policy suggestions for upcoming regional specialized industries support program by identifying the features of both optimal and inefficiency models. For this, employments along with financial indicators such as sales revenue, operating profit, and total assets were set as output variables, with R&D and non-R&D support amounts were set as input variables for analysis. According to the results, the optimal efficiency model group has strong intellectual property acquisition capabilities, and continuous R&D investment. It shows that continuous innovation activities are a key factor for improving the effectiveness of support. This study found that, from a mid․long term perspective, policy support programs should be customized by unique characteristics of each industry field, Based on this, it was suggested that upcoming regional specialized industry support programs in the Jeonbuk region should include policy planning and support program design to complement the weaknesses of each industry field.

정보 기술이 교육에서 지속적으로 응용됨에 따라 ‘혼합형’ 수업 교육 모델이 대학 교의 개방 교육에 점차 융합되고 있다. 중국의 많은 대학교들은 시대의 조류를 따라 현대 정보 기술과 원격 개방 교육의 결합을 통해 온라인 핵심 과정, 온라인 학습 공 간, 온라인 교수진, 온라인 학습 서비스, 온라인 학습 평가, 온라인 교수 관리 등을 중심으로 한 ‘혼합형’ 교수 모델을 구축하고 있다. 본 연구는 중국 개방대학의 ‘응용 한국어’ 전공 교재 편찬에서 나타나는 특징을 분석하였다. 특히, 대학생을 중심으로 한 인터넷 플랫폼을 활용한 자율 학습을 강조하는 하는 교재 편찬 사고방식을 바탕으로, 온라인 교육 시대에 적합한 교재의 내용 및 디자인 방안을 논의하였다. 연구는 한국어 발음, 전문 용어, 한국어 문법 및 문법 프로젝트, 평가 방안 등 교재 편찬에 있어 중요한 요소들을 살펴보고, 각 항목 별로 제시되는 편찬 순서를 구체적으로 소 개하였다.

Carbon fibers (CFs) with different tensile moduli of 280–384 GPa were applied to investigate the relationship between crystalline structure and compressive failure. The carbon chemical structure and crystalline structure were studied by Raman, highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The correlation between compressive strength and crystalline structure was investigated. The results showed that the transition point between medium and high tensile modulus was around 310 GPa, and within the range of medium modulus, the compressive strength of CFs improved with the increase of tensile modulus, and the compressive strength also improved with the increase of crystal thickness Lc, crystal width La, and crystal plane orientation; In the high modulus range, the correlation law was opposite, which was mainly influenced by the grain boundary structure. CFs with tensile modulus lower than 310 GPa exhibited bucking and kinking fracture under compressive loading, while shear fracture was observed for CFs with tensile modulus higher than 310 GPa.

We investigated the effects of supercritical-CO2 treatment on the pore structure and consequent H2 adsorption behavior of single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) and SWCNH aggregates. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and adsorption characterization techniques were employed to elucidate the alterations in the SWCNH morphology and aggregate pore characteristics induced by supercritical-CO2 treatment. Our results confirm that supercritical-CO2 treatment reduces the interstitial pore surface area and volume of SWCNH aggregates, notably affecting the adsorption of N2 (77 K), CO2 (273 K), and H2 (77 K) gasses. The interstitial porosity strongly depends on the supercritical-CO2 pressure. Supercritical-CO2 treatment softens the individual SWCNHs and opens the core of SWCNH aggregates, producing a partially orientated structure with interstitial ultramicropores. These nanopores are formed by the diffusion and intercalation of CO2 molecules during treatment. An increase in the amount of H2 adsorbed per interstitial micropore of the supercritically modified SWCNHs was observed. Moreover, the increase in the number and volume of ultramicropores enable the selective adsorption of H2 and CO2 molecules. This study reveals that supercritical-CO2 treatment can modulate the pore structure of SWCNH aggregates and provides an effective strategy for tailoring the H2 adsorption properties of nanomaterials.

Mesocrystals are macroscopic structures formed by the assembly of nanoparticles that possess distinct surface structures and collective properties when compared to traditional crystalline materials. Various growth mechanisms and their unique features have promise as material design tools for diverse potential applications. This paper presents a straightforward method for metal–organic coordination-based mesocrystals using nickel ions and terephthalic acid. The coordinative compound between Ni2+ and terephthalic acid drives the particle-mediated growth mechanism, resulting in the mesocrystal formation through a mesoscale assembly. Subsequent carbonization converts mesocrystals to multidirectional interconnected graphite nanospheres along the macroscopic framework while preserving the original structure of the Ni-terephthalic acid mesocrystal. Comprehensive investigations demonstrate that multi-oriented edge sites and high crystallinity with larger interlayer spacing facilitate lithium ion transport and continuous intercalation. The resulting graphitic superparticle electrodes show superior rate capability (128.6 mAh g− 1 at 5 A g− 1) and stable cycle stability (0.052% of capacity decay per cycle), certifying it as an advanced anode material for lithium-ion batteries.

The present study investigates the impact of freeze–thaw deterioration on the electrical properties and electric-heating capabilities of cement mortar incorporating with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon fibers (CF). Mortar samples, containing 0.5 wt.% CNT and 0.1 wt.% CF relative to the mass of cement, were prepared and subjected to freeze–thaw tests for up to 300 cycles. The electrical properties and electric-heating capability were evaluated every 30 freeze–thaw cycles, and the physicochemical characteristics of the samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results indicate a decline in both electrical conductivity and heat-generation capability as the freeze–thaw cycles progress. Furthermore, changes in the pore structure of the mortar samples during the freeze–thaw cycles contributed to damage in the conductive network formed by CNT and CF, resulting in decreased electrical conductivity and heat-generation capabilities of the mortar samples.

Efforts have been extensively undertaken to tackle overheating problems in advanced electronic devices characterized by high performance and integration levels. Thermal interface materials (TIMs) play a crucial role in connecting heat sources to heat sinks, facilitating efficient heat dissipation and thermal management. On the other hand, increasing the content of TIMs for high thermal conductivity often poses challenges such as poor dispersion and undesired heat flow pathways. This study aims to enhance the through-plane heat dissipation via the magnetic alignment of a hybrid filler system consisting of exfoliated graphite (EG) and boron nitride (BN). The EG acts as a distributed scaffold in the polymer matrix, while the BN component of the hybrid offers high thermal conductivity. Moreover, the magnetic alignment technique promotes unidirectional heat transfer pathways. The hybrid exhibited an impressive thermal conductivity of 1.44 W m− 1 K− 1 at filler contents of 30 wt. %, offering improved thermal management for advanced electronic devices.

Technetium has been identified as an element of interest for the safety assessment of a deep geological repository for used nuclear fuel. In this study, the sorption of Tc(IV) onto MX-80 bentonite, illite, and shale in ionic strength (I) 0.1–6 mol·kgw−1 (m) Na-Ca-Cl solutions at pHm = 4–9 and limestone at pHm = 5–9 was studied. Tc(IV) sorption on MX-80 increased with pHm from 4 to 6, reached the maximum at pHm = 6–7, and then gradually decreased with pHm from 7 to 9. Tc(IV) sorption on illite gradually increased with pHm from 4 to 7, and then decreased as pHm increased. The sorption properties of Tc(IV) on shale were quite similar to those on illite. Tc(IV) sorption on limestone slightly increased with pHm from 5 to 6 and then seemed to be constant at pHm = 6–9. Tc(IV) sorption on all four solids was independent of ionic strength (0.1–6 m). The 2 site protolysis non-electrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange model successfully simulated the sorption of Tc(IV) onto MX-80 and illite and the optimized values of surface complexation constants were estimated.

Technetium-99 is identified as an element of interest for the safety assessment of a deep geological repository for used nuclear fuel. The sorption behavior of Tc(IV) onto MX-80 and granite in Ca-Na-Cl solutions of varying ionic strength (0.05–1 mol·kgw−1 (m)) and across a pHm range of 4–9 was studied in this paper. Sorption of Tc(IV) was found to be independent of ionic strength in the range of 0.05 to 1 m for both MX-80 and granite. Sorption of Tc(IV) on MX-80 increased with pHm from 4 to 7 and then decreased with pHm from 8 to 9. Sorption of Tc(IV) on granite gradually increased with pHm from 4 to 8 and then became almost constant or slightly decreased with pHm from 8 to 9. A 2 site protolysis non-electrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange sorption model successfully simulated sorption of Tc(IV) on MX-80 and granite. Optimized values of surface complexation constants (log K0) are proposed.

Cordyceps militaris is widely used in China, Korea, and other Asian countries as both a traditional medicinal ingredient and an edible fungus. This study aimed to optimize the growth conditions and fruiting body production of C. militaris by investigating various culture media and physical parameters such as pH, aeration, illumination, temperature, spawn materials, and oat–sawdust-based substrate formulations. After a 7-day incubation period, oats with a pH of 6.0, under sealed and illuminated conditions at 32°C, demonstrated the most effective mycelial growth. Substrates consisting of 70% oat and 30% sawdust had the shortest incubation time of 30.5 days for fruiting body formation. The basidiospores showed a typical germination pattern where the sporidium produced a single germ tube that elongated, and branched to form monokaryotic primary mycelia. In conclusion, using oats as a substrate in the cultivation of C. militaris could reduce production costs and help protect the environment.

We studied the effects of initial pH, different nitrogen sources, and cultivation methods (shake flask and static culture) on biomass production, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and adenosine by Paecilomyces tenuipes. Relatively low pH levels were optimal for mycelial growth and EPS production. Yeast extract was the most effective organic nitrogen source for EPS production, whereas soybean extract was the best for adenosine production. A high C/N ratio was beneficial for adenosine production; however, excessively high C/N ratios reduced adenosine production. Static fermentation significantly increased adenosine production. A Box-Behnken design was used to optimize adenosine production; the optimal conditions for adenosine production by P. tenuipes were pH 7.0, soybean concentration of 3%, and a static culture period of 20 days, with the maximum adenosine production of 141.10 mg/L (predicted value: 128.05 mg/L).

최근 국내외 화장품과 식품산업에서 다양하게 사용되어 지고 있는 콜라겐 단백질 제품은 점차 그 용도와 특성에 따라 보다 고도화, 기능화 되어 가고 있다. 피부 건강의 지표인 콜라겐은 다양한 용도로 개발되어 사용되고 있으 며, 콜라겐의 소비가 증가함에 따라 용도에 적합한 최적 화된 콜라겐 제품의 개발이 중요한 연구 분야이다. 특히 여러 기업과 연구기관들에 의해서 콜라겐의 흡수율을 높 이기 위한 다양한 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 본 연 구에서는 프란즈(Franz) 세포 시스템을 이용하여 국내에서 판매되는 다양한 분자량별 콜라겐 제품의 경피 및 구강 상피세포 투과성을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 피부 표피/진피 조직과 비교하여 구강점막 조직의 콜라겐 흡수율이 분자 량 500달톤과 1,000달톤의 경우 모두 통계적으로 유의하 게(각각 약 10배, 2배) 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 분 자량별 구강점막 조직 흡수율을 비교한 결과, 분자량 500 달톤의 콜라겐이 분자량 1,000달톤 제품에 비해 흡수율이 2-3배 증가함을 확인하였다. 분자량 500달톤의 경우 Cmax 와 AUCt 값이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 피부 표피/진피 세 포에 비해 구강점막세포 시험군의 모든 지표가 높은 것으 로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 피부 흡수보다는 구강 점막 세포를 통한 콜라겐의 흡수방법이 콜라겐 체내 흡수증가 에 유효한 수단임을 시사하며, 분자량 1,000달톤 이하에서 도 보다 더 작은 500달톤의 저분자 콜라겐의 흡수율이 증 가되는 것으로 보아 콜라겐의 분자량이 흡수율 증가의 주 요한 요소임을 확인할 수 있었다.

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are receiving attention as a prospective next-generation secondary battery technology that can reduce the risk of commercial lithium-ion batteries by replacing flammable organic liquid electrolytes with non-flammable solid electrolytes. The practical application of ASSLBs requires developing robust solid electrolytes that possess ionic conductivity at room temperature on a par with that of organic liquids. These solid electrolytes must also be thermally and chemically stable, as well as compatible with electrode materials. Inorganic solid electrolytes, including oxide and sulfide-based compounds, are being studied as promising future candidates for ASSLBs due to their higher ionic conductivity and thermal stability than polymer electrolytes. Here, we present the challenges currently facing the development of oxide and sulfide-based solid electrolytes, as well as the research efforts underway aiming to resolve these challenges.

Hangovers, resulting from excessive alcohol intake, manifest hours after drinking, causing symptoms like thirst, headache, and fatigue. Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), with acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species contributing to toxic effects. Morning Care (MC) products were evaluated in male and female mice to assess their impact on alcohol metabolism and hangover alleviation. The study revealed that pre-administration of MC products led to a significant reduction in blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations postalcohol ingestion. This remarkable finding suggests a potential breakthrough in hangover relief. Enhanced ADH and ALDH activities were observed in blood and liver samples, indicating improved alcohol metabolism. Interestingly, gene expression levels of ADH and ALDH in the liver did not show significant differences, suggesting that MC products likely enhance enzyme activities through post-translational modifications rather than altering gene expression. These findings underscore the potential of MC products to mitigate hangover symptoms by enhancing alcohol metabolism.

Ethanol production from various agricultural and forest residues has been widely researched, but there is limited information available on the use of mixed hardwood for ethanol production. The main objective of this study is to assess the impact of time on the steam explosion pretreatment of waste wood (mixed hardwood) and to determine the convenience of a delignification step with respect to the susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose residue and the recoveries of both cellulose and hemicellulosic sugars. Delignification did enhance enzymatic hydrolysis yields of steam exploded waste wood. For steam explosion pretreatment times of 3 and 5 min, the recovery yield of hemicellulosic-derived sugars decreased. The effective hemicellulose solubilization does not always result in high recoveries of hemicellulose-derived sugars in the liquid fractions due to sugar degradation. In the steam explosion pretreatment times of 3 and 5 min, where hemicellulose solubilization exceeded 95%, but sugar recoveries in the liquid fraction remained below 30%. Cellulose to glucose yield losses were less significant than hemicellulosic-sugar losses, with a maximum loss of 24% at 5 min. Up to 80% of the lignin in the original wood was solubilized, leaving a cellulose-rich residue that led to a concentrated cellulose to glucose yield solution (about 50 g/L after 72 h enzymatic hydrolysis in the best case). The maximum overall process yield, taking into account both sugars present in the liquid from steam explosion pretreatment and cellulose to glucose yield from the steam exploded, delignified and hydrolyzed solid was obtained at the lowest steam explosion pretreatment time assayed.