The amount of Metcalfa pruinosa was higher in Cheonan and Geumsan, which are adjacent to Chungbuk province and in Taean, Dangjin, Asan, Cheonan adjacent to Gyeonggi province. These results demonstrate that M. pruinosa has spread from Chungbuk and Gyeonggi to Chungnam. As a result of investigating the spatial distribution characteristics of M. pruinosa eggs using SADIE, in 2017, the aggregation index(Ia) of 1.406 was close to the concentration distribution but in 2018, Ia of 1.102 was close to the random distribution. These results confirm that pests have spread throughout Chungnam. As a result of investigating the hosts that M. pruinosa larvae preferring, the results showed that most host preference with 38 species and 30 species in Asteraceae and Rosaceae, respectively. When the degree of occurrence was divided into four stages, the plants with the highest occurrence degree of 4 were Aralia elata, Styrax japonica, Ziziphus jujuba, Prunus cerasifera and Robinia pseudoacacia, in woody plant, and Rhododendron indicum, Rumex japonicus, Helianthus annuus, Humulus japonicus, and Cirsium japonicum in herbaceous plant. These plants can be used as a chemical substance that can attract larvae and adults before the laying of eggs. Therefore, we plan to utilize these plants to select incentives by studying behavioral responses of M. pruinosa.

양송이버섯에 발생하는 긴수염버섯파리에 대한 곤충병원성선충의 방제효과를 조사하였다. 양송이버섯에 발생하는 긴수염버섯파리 유충의 볏짚배지와 상토에서 30×30㎡ 내 밀도는 각각 평균 0.8마리와 22.2마리로 상토에서 월등히 높았다. 볏짚배지에 상토를 복토하고 첫관주 이후 2일간격 3회 관주시 곤충병원성 선충을 마지막 관주시 물대신 1회 곤충병원성선충을 살포한 시험구에서는 ㎡당 2.5×105 농도가 6.0×104 농도보다 약간 높은 방제효과를 보였고 2회 살포한 시험구에서는 살포 후 14일째에 각각 96.8%와 66.7%로 ㎡당 2.5×105 농도에서 높은 방제효과를 보였다. 따라서, 양송이버섯재배시 벗짚배지에 상토를 복토한 후 2일 간격 3회 관주처리 할 때 물대신 2일간격 2회 곤충병원성선충을 ㎡ 당 2.5×105 농도로 처리할 경우, 긴수염버섯파리 유충을 효과적으로 방제할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

돌발해충인 갈색날개매미충, 미국선녀벌레, 꽃매미, 갈색여치, 먹노린재, 목화진딧물과 남방계해충인 애멸구, 배추좀나방, 볼록총채벌레, 담배거세미나방, 풀색노린재를 대상으로 충청과 제주지역에서 발생실태를 조사한 결과, 농경지내 갈색여치, 목화진딧물은 화학약제의 사용으로 관찰이 쉽지 않았고 풀색노린재는 생태습성성상 관찰이 쉽지않아 이들 해충을 제외하고 발생실태를 조사하였다. 갈색날 개매미충은 충청지역의 경우 2017년까지는 집중분포 양상을 보이다 2018년 알조사에서부터는 임의분포를 보이기 시작하였고, 미국선녀벌레는 경기와 충북 지역과 인접한 곳에서 집중분포를 보였다. 제주지역의 경우 2017년 제주시 한림읍 협재리 인근에서 최초 발생하였다. 먹노린재는 2018년 최대발생양상을 보였고, 충남 서천, 청양, 홍성, 태안을 중심으로 대발생 양상을 보였다. 애멸구는 충남 공주와 서천에서 밀도가 높았다. 갈색날개매미충과 미국선녀벌레의 발생밀도는 낮게 조사되었으나 발생면적은 증가하였다. 볼록총채벌레는 충청지역 감나무에서 발견되었고 제주지역 감귤에서는 발견되지 않았으나 녹차밭에서는 발생량이 높았다. 추후 돌발 및 남방계 해충에 대한 위해성 평가를 통하여 발생가능성 정보를 제공할 계획이다.

The domestic natural enemy industry was formed by public institutions before the natural enemy companies were formed. In 1995, during the decentralization period, the technololgy of natural enemy breeding developed by the Rural Development Administration and the Agricultural Research Institute of each province were spread to the Agricultural Technology Centers of each county, Agricultural Technology Centers has supplied a large number of natural enemies to farmers for free. Since the beginning of the 2000s, when the first natural enemy company called Korea-IPM was created in Korea, the natural enemy industry boomed with the birth of Cecil Co., Ltd., a large natural enemy company. Prior to the birth of a natural enemy company, Domestic methods of using nautral enemies to release the natural enemies against the target pests and to test their effectiveness were similar to those of using chemicals. After then, the introduction of banker plant, a natural enemy protection plant, began to develop the concept of natural enemy protection limited to Aphidius colemani, and the effect was excellent. However, there were many cases where the success and failure of biological control were staggered because only the use value of the natural enemy for the target pest was dealt with. Therefore, in our laboratory, we are exploring and developing of the using method of trap plant that can concentrate densities by attracting insect pests. Also, when using a variety of natural enemies in a single plant, we are studying strategies to increase the pest control efficiency by identifying the interraction between natural enemies and determining their amount of releasing.

This study aimed to analyze the profitability and economic feasibility of hairtail trolling line gear that was developed for the last 3 years (2015-2017). The new fishing gear technology development was accomplished to solve the current problem of fishermen shortage in hairtail targeting fisheries in Jeju region. Results indicated that the profitability of developed hairtail trolling line fishery was estimated to be 36.1 % which would be higher than that of other hairtail targeting fisheries in Jeju region. In addition, as an economic feasibility, the net present value and the internal rate of return of a 20-year cash inflow and outflow were evaluated to be 400.2 million won and 66.9 %, respectively. However, sensitivity analyses of main variables showed that the profitability and economic feasibility would be vulnerable to catch amount and market condition changes.

In this study, we tested Japanese trolling lines in the Jeju fishery. This fishery simulates the natural marine environment with many seabed rocks, and has been redesigned and manufactured it to be suitable for the Jeju fishery. In order to ensure that the trolling lines were deployed at the inhabitation depth of hairtails, the conditions required for the fishing gear to reach the target depth were determined for use during the experiment. The experimental test fishing was conducted at the depth of 120 m water in front of Jeju Seongsanpo and in the offshore area of Jeju Hanlim. The fishing gear used in the test fishing is currently used in a variety of field operations in Japan. However, several problems were identified, such as twisting of the line during its deployment and excessive sinking of the main line. The fishing gear was, therefore, redesigned and manufactured to be more suitable for the Jeju fishery environment. For the fishing gear to accurately reach the target depth, depth loggers were installed at the starting point of the main line and at the 250 m and 340 m points of the line. Depth and time were recorded every 10 seconds. According to the daytime positioning of hairtails in the lower water column, the target depth of the fishing gear was set at 100-110 m, which was 10-20 m above the sea floor. At a speed of 1.9 knots and with a 9 kg sinker attached, the main fishing line was deployed and catch yields at depths of 100 m, 150 m and 180 m were recorded and analyzed. When the 180 m main line was fully deployed, the time for the hairtail trolling lines to arrive at the appropriate configuration had to be 5 minutes. At this time, the depth of the fishing gear was 16-23 m above the sea floor, in accordance with the depths at which the hairtails were during the day. In addition, in order to accurately place the fishing gear at the inhabitation water depth of hairtails, the experimental test fishing utilized the results of the depth testing that identified the conditions required for the fishing gear to reach the target depth, and the result was a catch of up to 97 kg a day.

To improve the efficiency of hairtail trolling, it is important to gain an accurate understanding of the distribution of fish based on their diurnal vertical migration patterns. This study evaluated the vertical distribution of hairtails through catch efficiency tests using vertical longlines. Five replicate tests of the efficiency were carried out on the eastern coast of Jeju Island from August to September 2016, from 11:00 AM to 03:00 PM in the daytime and 11:00 PM to 03:00 AM in the nighttime. The fishing gear was composed of 20 hooks per line set, numbered in order from the first hook near the surface to the last hook on the seabed. The depth of the first hook was 18 m, and that of the last hook was 86 m. Pacific saury was used as the baits. In total, 10 sets of fishing gear were used per trip. After fishing, we counted the hairtails at each numbered hook, which were summed up both by number and in aggregate. A total of 232 hairtails were caught using 2,000 hooks: 193 individuals at daytime and 39 at nighttime. The hook rate was 11.5% : 9.6% at daytime; 2.0% at nighttime. For both daytime and nighttime catches, there were variations in the hook rates at each numbered hook. In the daytime, a maximum of 28.5% catches occurred at hook number 18, followed by 21.4% at number 20, and 10.7% at number 17, accounting for 60.6% of the daytime hook rates. In the nighttime, a maximum of 23.0% catches occurred at hook number 1, followed by 15.3% at hook number 4 and 9, accounting for 53.6% of the nighttime hook rate. Based on the above results, hairtails are usually distributed in deeper region in daytime, whereas they occur near the surface in nighttime. Therefore, it is necessary to position trolling lines according to diurnal vertical distribution layers of hairtails for fishing efficiency.

This study carried out an experiment to find out the reaction of hairtail, Trichinus lepturus to the colors of LED light as a basic study on the development of the trolling gear and a method to enable the day-night operation. We used hairtails caught around Seongsan-po, Jeju Island by set nets and hairtail angling. The seven hairtails of the average length 68.9 cm (SD 9.2 cm) and the average weight 135.9 g (SD 47.9 g) were adapted themselves in the experimental water tank, 15 m Self-Governing 1.7 m in height and 1.5 m in depth, and then they were studied. We conducted experiment at the Ocean and Fisheries Research Institute in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, from November to December 2015, and the sea surface temperature was between 16.5 and 19.5℃. The four colors of LED light, blue, white, green and red, were set up to transmit downward from the marginal area of tank. The 1 meter depth light intensity of LED colors is as follows: 0.09 w/m2/s (blue), 0.18 w/m2/s (white), 0.04 w/m2/s (green) and 0.007 w/m2/s(red) To know the optimum LED color light, we selected one with better reaction rate after comparison of two colors simultaneously and the selected color was again compared to the other color in a tournament style two times a day (day and night) and ten times totally. The reaction rates were shown as the frequencies of hairtail appearance for 5 minutes in the lighting zone after turning on the LED lights. The reaction rate of the blue was at 97% unlike the red 3% (p < 0.001). The blue was at 75% unlike the green at 25% (p < 0.001). The blue was at 67% unlike the white at 33% (p < 0.001). Therefore, the color of light source showing the highest reaction rate was the blue.

The objective of this study was to understand the conservation of gene resources and provide information for mass selection' of winter bud characters among the selected populations of Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz using analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests. The obtained results are shown below; 1. Ten populations of K. septemlobus were selected for the study of the variation of winter bud characters in Korea. The results of the analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests shows that there were statistically significant differences in all of the winter bud characters among those populations. 2. Correlation analysis shows that width between Height and DBH(Diameter at breast height) characters have negative relationship with all of the characters, as ABL(Apical branch length), ABW(Apical branch width), AWBL(Apical branch winter bud length), AWBW(Apical branch winter bud width), ABT(Apical branch No. of thorns), ABLB(Apical branch No. of lateral bud) and LBL(Lateral branch length), LBW(Lateral branch width), LBT(Lateral branch No. of thorns), LBLB(Lateral branch No. of lateral bud). 3. The result of principal component analysis(PCA) for winter buds showed that the first principal components(PC' s) to the fourth principal component explains about 78% of the total variation. The first principal component(PC) was correlated with AWBW, LWBW, and LBL and the ratio of ABL/ABW and LBL/LBW out of 16 winter bud characters. The second principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, ABLB, LWBL(Lateral branch winter bud length), and LBW and the ratio of AWBL/AWBW. The third principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, LWBL, LBL, and the ratio of LBL/LBW. The fourth principal component correlated with LBL and the ratio of LWBL/LWBW(Lateral branch winter bud width), LBL/LBW. Therefore, these characters were important to analysis of the variation for winter bud characters among selected populations of K. septemlobus in Korea. 4. Cluster analysis using the average linkage method based on 10 selected populations for the 16 winter bud characters of K. septemlobus in Korea showed a clustering into two groups by level of distance 1.1(Fig. 3). As can be seen in Fig. 3, Group I consisted of three areas(Mt. Sori, Mt. Balwang and Mt. Worak) and Group Ⅱ contisted of seven areas(Suwon, Mt. Chuwang, Mt. Kyeryong, Mt. Kaji, Mt. Jiri, Muan, and Mt. Halla). The result of cluster analysis for winter bud characters corresponded well with principal component analysis, as is shown in Fig. 2.