Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a significant cereal crop from the Gramineae family, serves as a vital source of protein, essential minerals, B-group vitamins, and dietary fiber. However, its productivity is often hindered by issues such as poor seed germination, which can adversely affect yield and crop quality. This study investigated the effects of different silicon concentrations and priming durations on wheat germination and seedling growth. Analysis of variance revealed that silicon treatment significantly influenced key parameters of germination and growth, including germination percentage (GP), germination index (GI), vigor index (VI), radicle length (RL), plumule length (PL), and seedling dry weight (SDW). Priming with silicon at a concentration of 1 mM resulted in notable improvements, increasing GP, GI, VI, RL, and PL by 10.6%, 65.5%, 29.4%, 18.6%, and 28.6%, respectively, after 6 hours of priming. Certain germination traits demonstrated strong positive correlations, particularly GP and GI (r = 0.96) and VI and RL (r = 0.94), after 4 hours of priming. These improvements in seed germination and seedling development may result from enhanced water uptake, stimulated cell division, and increased hydrolytic enzyme activity, which facilitate the mobilization of seed reserves and accelerate the growth of embryonic tissues.

Chinese cabbage or pakchoi (Brassica Rapa subsp. Chinensis) is one of the most popular vegetables in Korea. It is grown and consumed throughout the year because it has many benefits. This study reports on the growth performance of pakchoi grown in the hydroponic system using a Food Juke Box (FJB) under different light compositions. The chlorophyll content (CC), root fresh weight (RFW), and shoot fresh weight (SFW) were measured. Further, various vegetation indices (VIs), such as modified chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index (MCARI1), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI), and structure insensitive pigment index (SIPI), were employed to predict SFW. The study results indicated a significant increase in the CC of pakchoi with different light treatments compared with the control. The CC was highest under treatment with 70% white light, 20% blue light, and 10% red light (T1) than under treatment with 50% white light, 30% blue light, and 20% red light (T2). All used VIs showed significant differences with different light combination treatments. There was no significant change in RFW and SFW between the control and T1. However, a significant reduction in RFW and SFW was observed in T2 compared with the control. A comparison between T1 and T2 demonstrated that RFW and SFW were increased by 23% and 25%, respectively, compared with those in T2. The correlation result showed that SFW had a significant positive correlation with RFW (0.76***). Further, a significant negative correlation was observed with OSAVI (−0.25*), MCARI1 (−0.54***), and CC (−0.19*). In conclusion, our findings implied that different light combinations in pakchoi affected the photosynthetic pigments although they did not improve SFW. This research will pave the way for pakchoi production in hydroponics using smart farming FJB. This will further promote plant development, especially for domestic consumption, and help fulfill the growing demand for leafy vegetables.

선행연구를 통해 침수에 대해 저항성과 감수성을 나타내는 야생콩계통을 선발하고 난 뒤 이들 자원들간 지상부 및 지하부 특성을 분석하였고, 유전자의 발현량도 비교 분석하였다. 1. 연구결과, 침수에 대해 저항성을 나타낸 ‘CW11598’과 감수성을 나타낸 ‘CW11948’는 알코올 발효를 촉매하는 PDC와 ADH효소의 활성을 조절하는 mRNA 발현량에서 차이를 보였다. 감수성계통에서 PDC와 ADH 활성을 조절하는 유전자 모두 침수처리에서 무처리보다 유전자 발현량이 감소하였고, 저항성계통해서는 침수처리에서 오히려 무처리보다 이들 유전자의 발현량이 증가하였다. 이런 침수스트레스 대체 경로의 차이는 감수성계통에서 침수처리 무처리보다 줄어든 LSA, TRL 및 RSA로 나타났다. 2. 식생지수 NDVI와 PRI 모두 감수성계통이 침수처리에서 무처리 대비 크게 감소하였다. 하지만 저항성계통에는 LSA는 침수처리와 무처리간 차이가 없었고, 식생지수 NDVI와 PRI도 침수처리와 무처리간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만 TRL와 RSA는 침수처리에서 무처리보다 감소한 것으로 조사되었다.

지구기후가 이산화탄소 배출 증가로 인해 급격하게 변화하고 있는 추세이고, 이러한 급격한 기후 변화는 농경지 염류직접, 농경지 침수, 고온 및 저온과 같은 농업 기상의 다양한 변화를 야기하고 있다. 여러 환경스트레스 중에서 농경지 침수는 경작지 내 과도한 수분 유입으로 인해 유도되게 된다. 특히 많은 과학자들은 탄소 배출 증가로 인한 기후변화로 인해 집중호우가 지금보다 더 자주 발생할 것으로 예상되고 있기 때문에 농경지의 침수로 인한 농작물의 피해는 점점 더 증가할 것으로 예상하고 있다. 침수로 인한 스트레스에 대한 식물의 취약성 및 저항성 메커니즘에는 중요한 변화가 있다. 그러므로 이런 침수스트레스 문제에 대응하기 위해서 침수저항성 메커니즘과 관련된 다양한 연구가 수행중이다. 침수저항성이 높은 작물을 생산하기 위해서는 침수 스트레스의 여러 요인을 연구하는 것뿐만 아니라 어떻게 식물이 침수스트레스 요인을 감지하고 대응하는 방법을 이해해야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 침수 스트레스 저항성과 관련된 것으로 보고된 작물의 형태적, 생리적, 유전자적 변화에 대해서 소개하고 이를 통해 작물의 침수저항성 메커니즘에 대한 이해를 돕기 위해 내용을 정리하였다.

This research was conducted to evaluate methods of enhancing the waterlogging resistance of soybean plant. Thus, we applied seven types of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to soybean plants and exposed them to waterlogged conditions for a total of 14 days. To evaluate stress resistance, we monitored plant growth characteristics data such as height, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence for 28 days after the initial waterlogging (14 days under waterlogging conditions and 14 days after waterlogging). According to the results, plant height was significantly increased by gibberellin A4 (GA4) treatment compared to the control treatment and waterlogging-only treatment. However, we could not detect plant height owing to plant death when we applied abscisic acid (ABA). Except for GA4 and ABA treatments, plant heights slightly decreased in all treatments compared to the waterlogging-only treatment. The chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence showed a similar tendency among PGR treatments. The chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence were significantly increased by ethephon and kinetin treatments 28 days after waterlogging compared to the waterlogging-only treatment. Consequently, kinetin and ethephon treatments induced more resistant phenotypes in soybean plants during or after exposure to waterlogging conditions.