Using durian shell as a carbon source and triethanolamine as a nitrogen dopant, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were prepared via the hydrothermal method. First, by exploring different reaction times, reaction temperatures, and carbon source/dopant ratios to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon dots, it is concluded that the best process conditions are 200 ℃, reaction time being 15h, and the dopant addition amount being 2mL. Structure and characteristics of the synthesized CDs were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, fluorescence (FL), ultraviolet–visible absorption, and Raman spectra. The N-CDs showed blue FL with a quantum efficiency of 4.28%. The FL characteristics of the N-CDs were utilized for ion detection, which demonstrated that MnO− 4 and Cr 2 O2− 7 ions caused distinct FL quenching through static quenching, while other ions had no significant quenching effect. The detection limits for MnO− 4 and Cr 2 O2− 7 were 37.5 and 46.2 nM, respectively. The N-CDs were subsequently employed to detect these ions in actual water samples, producing satisfactory results. Therefore, the preparation of N-CDs using durian shell as raw material and its application in practical detection work have good application feedback, which not only provides a new way for the reuse of fruit and vegetable wastes but also provides a new detection means for environmental monitoring pollutants.

The current standard treatment regimen for patients with cervical cancer consists of a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the serious side effects often encountered with chemotherapy drugs greatly limits the effective doses that can be delivered, and hence the treatment of cervical cancer still faces strong challenges. In this study, carbon nanodots, nanodrugs with anti-cervical cancer activity and with negligible toxicity, were prepared from the precursor herbal extract ginsenoside Rg1. The surface of the Rg1 carbon nanodots is rich in hydrophilic functional groups, resulting in good dispersion in aqueous media and high biocompatibility. In Vitro experiments show that the Rg1 carbon nanodots have significant cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects on HeLa cells, and could inhibit their migration and invasion. Experiments in tumor-bearing nude mice show that the Rg1 carbon nanodots could significantly inhibit tumor growth. Through qPCR validation, the Rg1 carbon nanodots were shown to enhance HeLa cell apoptosis, by regulating the expression levels of Cyto c, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2, induce G2/M phase arrest by regulating CDK 1 and Cyclin B1 expression, and inhibit tumor cell migration by modulating CDH1 and β-catenin. Since the precursor Rg1 is a natural herbal extract, negligible toxic side effects were observed in nude mice. The work demonstrates that Rg1 carbon nanodots can be expected to become a potential nanomedicine against human cervical cancer with negligible toxic side effects and excellent therapeutic effects.

목적 : 본 연구는 중국 안과병원에 방문한 저도와 중등도 근시 청소년을 연구 대상으로 각막굴절교정 렌즈에 의한 단기간의 근시 진행 억제 효과가 있는지 관찰하고자 하였다. 방법 : J안과에 방문한 근시환자 중 40명의 환자 저도 근시군 20명(40안), 중등도 근시군 20명(40안)을 대상으 로 각막굴절교정 렌즈를 처방하고 6개월 동안 추적 관찰하였다. 각막굴절교정 렌즈 착용 후 1개월, 3개월, 6개월 후 각각 각막굴절교정 렌즈 교정 후 시력과 안축의 길이, 각막곡률, 안압, 각막 중앙 두께 등을 검사하여 분석 및 비교하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS 27.0 소프트웨어를 사용하였다. 결과 : 저도근시군과 중등도근시군의 교정시력이 모두 향상되었으며, 두 군 간의 차이는 통계학적 으로 유의하 였으며, 안축 길이는 중등도근시군의 안축 성장이 작았고, 두 군 간의 차이는 통계학적으로 유의하였다. 각막 곡률 은 중등도 근시 군의 각막 곡률이 더 많이 감소했으며, 두 군 간의 차이는 통계적으로 유의했다. 각막굴절교정 렌 즈를 착용한 환자는 안압과 각막 중앙 두께 측면에서 기준치와 유의한 변화가 없었다. 결론 : 각막굴절교정 렌즈는 청소년의 근시를 효과적으로 교정되었으며, 근시 진행을 억제하는 방법 중 하나로 근시 정도에 따라 차이가 있었다. 또한 청소년들의 근시 통제 효과는 중등도 근시 환자가 저도 근시 환자보다 더 효과적이었다.

In recent years, people are increasingly interested in CO2 hydrogenation to produce value-added chemicals and fuels ( CH4, CH3OH, etc.). In the quest for an efficient treatment in CO2 methanation and methanolization, several technologies have been practiced, and DBD plasma technology gain attention due to its easily handling, mild operating conditions, strong activation ability, and high product selectivity. In addition, its reaction mechanism and the effect of packing materials and reaction parameters are still controversial. To address these problems efficiently, a summary of the reaction mechanism is presented. A discussion on plasma-catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation including packing materials, reaction parameters, and optimizing methods is addressed. In this review, the overall status and recent findings in DBD plasma-catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation are presented, and the possible directions of future development are discussed.

Understanding why individuals behave unethically is an important topic for both theory and practice, especially in the current environment where people experience much more stressful events. The current research aims to examine the relationship between peoples’ experienced stress and their attitude towards unethical consumption behavior, as well as the underlying mechanism. Empirical findings from a survey of 451 participants suggest perceived stress serves as an important indicator of people’s tolerance of unethical activities, and that this relationship is mediated by chronic construal level and materialism value. Specifically, stressed individuals tend to develop low-construal mindsets and more materialism values, both of which further increase their tolerance of ethically questionable behaviors. The present research highlights the importance of stress on consumer ethics and contributes to prior literature in three ways. Firstly, the current study adds to the literature on consumer ethics by examining a new predictor of consumers’ ethical beliefs, which enriches the understanding of why some consumers act more ethically than others do. Secondly, to the best of our knowledge, little prior literature has examined the effect stress on ethical beliefs. The current research for the first time examines the effect and the mechanism and reveals the mediating roles of construal level and materialism value. Thirdly, the present research finds that stress increases low-level construal, leading to unethical beliefs. This finding broadens the scope in construal level theory by suggesting that chronic construal level predicts individual ethical judgments.

The US Space Resource Exploration and Utilization Act 2015 aroused heated discussions. The international community has not yet reached consensus on the application of the concept of “common heritage of mankind” in the Moon Agreement. In accordance with the non-appropriation principle in the Outer Space Treaty, outer space is not subject to national appropriation. However, there is a need to balance the common interests of the international society and the interests of the States and private entities which invest heavily in the space resource exploration. The unilateral approach of the US by adopting a national law is not an ideal way to deal with space resource exploration. As a major space-faring nation, China should take a proactive approach in both national legislation and international cooperation in this field. At the international level, China should consider establishing an appropriate international regime for space resource management.

Canine cloning have been succeeded for a decade. To obtain in vivo matured dog oocytes, Serum progesterone (P4) level were employed for ovulate determination. However, accuracy of P4 methods is not satisfied. The aim of this study was to compare both methods of serum estradiol (E2) and P4 on the accuracy of canine ovulation determination. Canine serum P4 and E2 concentration during both proestrus and estrus were detected. Correlation between accuracy of each method and environment temperature were analyzed. Following ovulation, oocytes were collected by surgery. As a result, higher percentage of mature oocytes was obtained when using E2 (56.43%) as compared to P4 (39.60%). Accuracy of P4 increased from spring (30.76%) to summer (47.92%) and decreased in autumn (37.50%) and winter (29.16%) gradually. Especially, E2 maintained about 50% to 65% whatever the season and temperature. Correlation analyze showed that dynamic of P4 accuracy highly correlated with environment temperate (Rp4=0.862) but E2 could not be affected by the temperature (RE2=0.199). To determine whether obtained oocytes by E2 method could be used for canine cloning, twenty canines were selected as oocyte donors, and two puppies were produced after somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) and embryo transfer(ET) with the oocytes by E2 method. In conclusion, comparing to the P4 method, the E2 is an accuracy and reliable method for canine cloning.

In 2013, the Chinese government formulated the "Action Plan for Green Building ", which focuses on the task clearly should actively promote the construction of rural housing. In this paper, for the question about how to promote the cold region of China rural house green, put forward to improve the quality of residential priority, to save energy resources as the most important,and to use pervasive technology-based applications as the main content,which is basic principles.The paper also proposed four technical strategies for a new house on the village is to use local natural resources, to optimize the design to improve the quality of living,to reduce shape coefficient to adjust the layout,to improve the insulation properties of architecture maintenance in structure increases.And with the above principles and technology strategies,I design a green rural house which reflect on the characteristics of cold region.

China has made great achievements in space activities in recent years. While emphasizing the principle of self-independence, China also acknowledges the importance of space cooperation. As early as 2001, China indicated its interest in joining the International Space Station. However, no substantive progress has been made concerning China’s participation thus far. This may be a result of political and economic, rather than legal and technical, considerations. There is no doubt that China’s participation shall contribute to the sustainable development of the ISS. China’s participation could also offer an excellent opportunity to reexamine the 1998 framework and clarify or improve certain provisions that exist in the current regime. While technologically ready for participation, China should start considering possible legal issues that may arise from its participation in the ISS project. This article takes up the challenging task of identifying potential legal issues that may arise in the course of China’s participation in the ISS and offers suggestions for a future cooperative legal framework regarding the ISS.

International cooperation in outer space affairs has always been considered vital to the development of space activities. Such cooperation happens in different levels and different areas. Regional cooperation is especially meaningful to the regions concerned. We have witnessed important developments of space cooperation in Asia in the last few years. However, the cooperation so far is largely limited to technological aspects. We urgently need to see the cooperation in promoting awareness of space law in this region. This article proposes that the establishment of the Asia-Pacific Space Law Center, modeling on the European Center for Space Law, could fill the gap and play an important role in the promotion and education of space law in Asia. Nevertheless, in view of the current situation in the region, we may need to adopt the second best approach, that is, to establish a section within the Asia- Pacific Space Cooperation Organization solely dealing with promoting regional cooperation for space law.

Research on alfalfa root morphology and health is very important in development of technology for efficient improvement and production of alfalfa. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the root morphology and health of two alfalfa varieties, Algonquin and Golden Queen, to determine relationships among root morphology traits and root health. Results from these analyses indicated t㏊t yield was 6.77-43.93 t/h㎡, total root length ranged from 215.17-708.89 ㎜, root surface area ranged from 93.61-717.06 ㎠, volume ranged from 3.24-57.72㎤. Results from these analyses indicated t㏊t root infestation score was the lowest averaged over age of alfalfa stand in Algonquin. Yield in 2-yr old stands was greater in Golden Queen compared to Algonquin.

In this study, we determinated the dynamic changing of soluble sugar, total nitrogen and malondialdehyde, so t㏊t found out their relationships with cold resistance. The result indicates: the content of soluble sugar and total nitrogen increased from late autumn and early winter, and kept higher level during the entire winter, then decreased in regreen time in the next spring. The content of malondialdehyde was high in Sep., then decreased gradually and reached the minimum in Jan., thereafter the content of malondialdehyde represented increasing trend.

As we all know Ondol has been the most efficient and comfortable heating system of the rural residence in the Northeast of China for hundreds of years. But recently, through field survey, it was found that some country people replace the Ondol with homemade heating blindly. The result of this replacement is that heating effect of residence in winter is worse. And at the same time, it aggravates air pollution and increases heating payout. According to our real situation of energy sources reserve, environmental pollution and economic income of rural people, it is not only inpractical but also unreasonable, that in the northeast of China Ondol is replaced by homemade heating completely in winter. Ondol has its unique heating and hygienic efficacy. And it stands for cultural tradition and life custom of the country's cold areas. So we should improve Ondol combining resident structure and material. And it can make the Ondol system flourish with vigor and promote sustainable development of the country's traditional Ondol residence.

In the era of network media, the outbreak of network social emotions will lead to the tearing and out of control situation of network public opinion ecology, resulting in the occurrence of public crisis. With the development of network media technology, we can deeply understand the social mentality of public events through the analysis and management of public network behavior. Grass roots governance is the basis of social governance. Urban community governance and rural village governance belong to the category of community governance. In the city, the community is the unit cell of social governance. The large-scale Internet platform has linked people, money, materials, and information related to personal life together. It not only provides solutions for the public's life problems but also provides a new digital social governance model. The modernization of community governance at the grassroots level also means reshaping the interpersonal relationship and power structure of the community, focusing on highlighting the subjectivity of the community residents and enhancing the emotional identity of the community. This paper puts forward the analysis framework of social public psychology and behavior in the face of public events, based on the management of public emotions reflected in the network media, to improve the modernization level of community governance and the ability to deal with public events

An innovative material using the thermal insulation concrete (TIC) mixed with a sufficient volume of glazed hollow beads (GHBs) is described and discussed. The effects of glazed hollow beads on the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and, microstructure of the TIC were first investigated. The study results show that with the increase of the replacement ratio of GHBs, the density, compressive strength, elasticity modulus, and thermal conductivity coefficient of concrete decrease. The optimal mixing amount of glazed hollow beads in the concrete is 15-20%. Then, the properties related to the bonding between the TIC and rebars in freeze-thaw environment were investigated. A total of 132 pullout specimens and 216 cubic specimens made of the TIC were tested, which cover three concrete strength grades, three rebar diameters, and six anchorage lengths. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, bond strength, slip, and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity were studied. The research results indicate that the bond performance of the TIC is mainly affected by the rebar diameter and anchorage length, rather than the concrete strength. The TIC is found to be satisfactory in terms of frost resistance and may be utilized in engineered structures in cold regions. Lastly, the effects of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) on the compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and microstructure of recycled aggregate thermal insulation concrete (RATIC) are presented. The pore fractal dimension was established by using the mercury-injection test data. The average fractal dimension was used to characterize the thermal conductivity of RATIC.

Purpose – During the past twenty years, China has developed rapidly in economy. Meanwhile China's economic development has brought great many problems. Sustainable development is to achieve coordination in the ecological, economic and social aspects. Among them, the environment and resource issues are the most critical issues which affecting sustainable development in China. With China's rapid economic development, China's ecological environment is facing the most serious threat in water pollution, air pollution, solid waste pollution and the destruction of forests and biodiversity, resulting in a significant loss of the national economy. This research aims to examine whether the tragedy of the commons has hindered the sustainable development of China's economy or not. On the other hand, we try to analyze a solution to improve this situation. Research design, data, and methodology – Theoretical background study, finding optimization models, and data analysis. Results – In the case of a clear definition of property rights, the air will have a market price. The market price will coordinate pollutant emissions. Conclusions – The tragedy of commons has hindered the sustainable development. The model of China’s Economic development should be changed.

This paper empirically examines the short-run and long-run causal relationship between stock market prices and exchange rates in Chinese stock markets using monthly data from January 2002 to December 2012 retrieved from the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. Unit root, cointegration tests, vector error correction estimates, block exogeneity Wald tests, impulse responses, variance decomposition techniques and structural break tests are employed. This study found 1) long-run causality from exchange rates to stock prices in Chinese stock markets and 2) short-run causality from Japanese yen and Korean won exchange rates to stock prices in the Shanghai Stock Exchange strongly prevails while in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange weakly prevails . The impact of the global financial crisis from 2007 to 2009 on Chinese stock markets was insignificant.