This study initiated research aligned with the body positivity movement, aiming to explore size diversity for groups facing relative size discrimination due to their deviation from average body types. Using KS adult women's apparel dimensions as a reference, jackets were developed for women in their 20s to 30s who belong to the small petite-size (S[P]) category, which is characterized by a height under 155cm (petite) and a bust-circumference from 72cm to less than 82cm (small). Using 3D virtual-fitting, we conducted experiment-pattern production and refinement and subsequent real-fitting evaluations by participants to objectively validate aesthetics and comfort. The study’s findings are as follows: First, utilizing a 3D virtual-fitting program by identifying ‘creases’ and ‘garment pressure points’ in the jacket appearance, experiment patterns were refined and real jackets were produced. This approach addressed challenges in recruiting participants with specific body types and allowed for efficient research in terms of cost and time. Second, through real-fitting evaluations, basic-fit and slim-fit jackets labeled as <79-88-150> were developed for the S(P) size. we presented ‘size spec’ and ‘ease allowance’ for jackets by waist fit. Both fits received positive evaluations with approximately 53.5cm sleeve length, and 11.7cm shoulder length. The ease allowances for the basic-fit jacket were approximately 9.2cm at the bust circumference, 12.8cm at the waist circumference, and 6cm at the hip circumference. Similarly, the slim-fit jacket exhibited ease allowances of about 4.8cm at the bust circumference, 4cm at the waist circumference, and 4cm at the hip circumference, receiving positive evaluations for aesthetics and comfort.

This study analyzed product conditions in terms of “size system,” “clothing construction depending on fit,” “details,” “colors,” and “prices,” with an emphasis on young contemporary brands for spring/summer 2021, in order to provide basic data for the development of small-sized women’s jackets. Out of 96 domestic and foreign brands, the study analyzed 254 small-sized jacket products from 23 brands that produce size-XS jackets. First, when examining the sizes for women’s jackets, we found that 8 out of the 23 brands offer a size-XXS option. After conducting tree analysis to analyze the factors affecting the production of size-XXS, the study found significant results in the areas of “distinction between domestic and foreign brands” and “product price.” Second, after categorizing small-sized women’s jackets into 3 categories— fit-slim, basic, and straight—the study analyzed clothing construction elements depending on fit. This seasons mainly feature straight-fit’s hip-line length jacket, a 4-panel pattern, and a panel without a waist dart. Third, the study, through the analysis of the colors of small-sized women’s jackets, found a higher frequency of colors in the order of black (23.0%), white (13.3%), and beige tones (10.1%), with additional colors such as sky blue, rose pink, and aquamarine in production, which exhibit the senses of the seasons. Price analysis revealed that small-sized jackets constituted a price range at the mid-to-low end, as in ₩50,000-100,000 (30.3%), ₩100,000- 150,000 (19.3%), and ₩150,000-200,000 (11.8%).

급변하는 환경과 다양한 수요, 격화된 경쟁 등에 효과적으로 대응하기 위하여 학교조직은 관료적이고 권위적인 조직에서, 유연하고 신속하며 전문적인 조직으로의 변화를 요구받고 있다. 그러나 그동안 이루어진 전통적 교육개혁은 하향적 변화전략을 채택함으로써 학교구성원의 변화에 대한 적극성을 이끌어내지 못했으며, 구성원 간 협력, 잠재력 개발, 학습 성과 등에 유의미한 변화를 가져오지 못해 왔다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 전통적 교육개혁의 대안으로, 학교조직에 ‘조직개발’이 어떻게 적용되고 있으며 그 의의는 무엇인지를 탐색하고 향후 발전방향과 과제를 제안하는 데에 목적이 있다. 학교조직에 주로 적용된 조직개발 개입방법으로 ‘총체적질관리’, ‘학습조직’, ‘전문가학습공동체’를 제시하였고 계획적 변화의 모델로서 ‘학교컨설팅’ 및 ‘긍정적 탐색’을 설명하였다. 향후 발전방향으로, 1) 독립된 경영단위 체제로서의 학교조직의 역할과 권한 부여, 2) 학교조직 개발 개입방법의 다양화 모색, 3) 학생들의 인지적, 정서적, 행동적 성과에 대한 관심, 4) 계획적 변화 모델의 엄격한 적용, 5) 학교조직의 독자적인 조직개발 개입방법 마련, 6) 학교 행정가의 조직개발 역량 구축, 7) 국가차원의 조직개발의 필요성을 제시하고 있다.

Gluten-free industry has experienced consistent growth with increasing the number of individuals with celiac disease. Among gluten-free products, the popularity of rice noodles has been worldwide increasing over the recent years. However, rice noodles have several processing limitations such as high cooking turbidity and long cooking time. Therefore, various ingredients have been incorporated into the formulation of rice noodles in order to improve their quality attributes. In this study, turanose which is known to be a new sugar alternative with low sweetness was applied to rice noodles and their effects were characterized in terms of thermal, rheological, and textural properties. Gluten-free rice noodles were prepared with different levels of turanose (0.5, 1.0, 1.5%, w/w) by using a twin-screw extruder. Rice flour with turanose had higher gelatinization temperature and also showed higher enthalpy values after storage at 4°C. The use of turanose also increased the pasting and mixing parameters of rice flour. In addition, the application of turanose to rice noodles affected their qualities such as texture and cooking loss. Thus, this study demonstrated that turanose could positively contribute to enhancing the qualities of gluten-free rice noodles as a new additive.

We present Near-IR photometry of the Arches cluster, a young and massive stellar cluster near the Galactic center. We have analyzed the high resolution (FWHM ~ 0.2") H and K" band images in the Galactic Center Demonstration Science Data Set, which were obtained with the Gemini/Hokupa's adaptive optics (AO) system. We present the color-magnitude diagram, the luminosity function and the initial mass function (IMF) of the stars in the Arches cluster in comparison with the HST/NICMOS data. The IMF slope for the range of 1.0 < log (M/M⊙) < 2.1 is estimated to be Γ = -0.79 ± 0.16, in good agreements with the earlier result based on the HST/NICMOS data [Figer et al. 1999, ApJ, 525, 750]. These results strengthen the evidence that the IMF of the bright. stars close to the Galactic center is much flatter than that for the solar neighborhood. This is also consistent with a recent finding that the IMFs of the bright stars in young clusters in M33 get flatter as the galactocentric distance decreases [Lee et al. 2001, astro-ph 0109258]. It is found that the power of the Gemini/ AO system is comparable, with some limits, to that of the HST/NICMOS.