Two books have recently been published to argue for diametrically opposite views. One is『Gongjaga jugeoya naraga sanda(The Nation will prosper once Confucius dies)』, which argues for the negative impact of Confucianism on the nation's culture. The other is 『Gongjaga salaya naraga sanda(The Nation will prosper once Confucius becomes alive)』, which puts emphasis upon constructive elements in Confucianism. I believe that it does not matter whether Confucius is dead or alive but it matters whether every individual in this nation is with him- or herself. The purpose of this essay is to explain how Confucius taught everyone to be with oneself, especially for political leaders. In Confucius view, everyone could be a political leader once he or she learns the way(Do; 道). The methods by which Confucius brought up political leaders were peculiar in many respects. First, the teacher never sought for the learner but the learner sought for the teacher. The teacher never failed to teach those who came with proper manners(Ye; 道). Second, the teacher never taught those who did not put an effort as well as those who did not ask questions. Third. the teacher taught how to live a righteous life. Fourth, the teacher tried to bring out the best out of the learner. Since each individual's merits differ from the others', answers to a question from different individuals varied. Fifth, the teacher took into consideration the level of the learner. An adult could at times be taught by utterances but at other times by silence. In short, the teacher must be with the learner, a prospective political leader so as not to lose oneself, and guard the learner so as to shine from one's within.

Jeong On was one of the Korean political leaders in the 17th century. He was born at An-eum town in Gyeong-sang Province and at the age of 31 joined the school of Jeong In-hong who was the top student of Jo Sig. Therefore he belonged to the Northern Party which generally consisted of the politicians who were either from the western region of Gyeong-sang Province or Jo Sig's students. Jeong's political activities were the consistent reification of the principle of Neo-confucianism in which he believed. For example, protection the princes in the political cricis, he suffered from the 10 years' exile. When Ching invaded Joseon, he insisted on resisting the invaders to the bitter end. After the king's surrender he went into lonely retirement and never returned to the capital. He emphasized the political initiative of government officials rather than the king's power. And he suggested a theory according to which political parties could cooperate in the government. This is why he remained unforgettable despite his party's collapse with the downfall of King Gwanghae. Jeong was a conservative. It means that he tried to maintain the established social order and Neo-confucian principles. For these ideological reasons, he opposed the land survey which was necessary for the renewal of the national administrative system but might have charged the land-owning class some additional burden. He also opposed the policy of promoting the descendants of secondary wives to pass the official examination or to obtain the goverment office. He thus wanted to keep the discriminative social order.

The sewage sludges and livestock manures, respectively, were composted with sawdust used for control moisture in the static piles system composter. The variations of temperature, pH, moisture, C/N ratio, inorganic content, forms of organic materials and nitrogen, and contents of heavy metals were investigated. The results were summarized as follows ; The temperature for composting the sewage sludges reached the highest temperature of 52℃, after 3 days and lasted for 7 days, and then went down 30℃ after 52 days. In the case of composting livestock manures, the temperature reached to 63℃ after 10 days, that lasted for 10 days, and then went down gradually. After upsetting the sewage sludges and livestock manures, the temperature went up but was little changed after 52 days. Thus we decided that the terminal of composting periods would be 52 days. The moisture contents of the sludges and livestock manures for composting were decreased to 30% and 36%, respectively. The contents of inorganic matters and heavy metals were changed by the characteristics of raw materials but increased gradually during composting process. The total contents of organic materials in the sewage sludges and livestock manures for composting were decreased to 7% and 9%, respectively. The contents of ether extracts, resins, hemicellulose and cellulose were decreased but those of water soluble polysaccharides and lignins were not changed. The total contents of nitrogen in sewage sludges and livestock manures were decreased to 43% and 34%, respectively.

A large number of the set-nets are set in Namhaedo coast of Korea. The floats of these set-nets are not only small even in case of large floats but also they scarcely have distinguishable marks such as light buoys or flags, so that they are very hard to be recognized by naked eyes and thus became probable obstacles to navigation for the passing ships and the fishing vessels. In order to research the capability of detecting such nets with Radar, the author investigated a maximum detectable range of the ordinarly large floatsand of a floating corner reflectors of various size and shape by Radar. The results obtained are as follows; 1. A maximum detectable range of large floats at a close range can be calculated by the Radar equation in sufficient accuracy. 2. Large floats of the large set-nets are also detectable by Radar even though it's detectable range boundary was within 0.2-0.65 miles. And the Radar picture of large floats was easier to be found with somewhat higher setting of the gain control on shorter range scale of the 1 mile. 3. Floating corner reflector rather suitable for set-net floats of "S" type reflector proposed in this paper, of which the dimension must be above 17cm in diameter to be detectable by Radar at 2 miles.t 2 miles.