Recently air quality modeling studies for industrial complex and large cities located in the coastal regions have been carried out. Especially, the representation of atmospheric flow fields within a model domain is very important, because an adequate air quality simulation requires an accurate portrayal of the realistic three- dimensional wind fields. Therefore this study investigated effect of using high resolution terrain height data and FDDA with observational data to reflect local characteristics in numerical simulation. So the experiments were designed according to FDDA and the detail terrain height with 3sec resolution or not. Case 30s was the experiment using the terrain height data of USGS without FDDA and Case 3s was the experiment using the detail terrain height data of Ministry of Environment without FDDA and Case 3sF was experiment using the detail terrain height data of Ministry of Environment with FDDA. The results of experiments were more remarkable. In Case 3s and Case 3sF, temperature indicated similar tendency comparing to observational data predicting maximum temperature during the daytime and wind speed made weakly for difference of terrain height. Also Case 3sF had more adequate tendency than Case 3s at dawn.

This paper asks the question: what choice of environmental policy instruments is efficient to reduce sulfur dioxide from stationary sources?: In Korea, command and control has been a common way of controlling SO2-emissions. When compared to the non-incentive environmental policy instrument such as command and control, economic incentive environmental policy instrument has been the advantage of making polluter himself flexibly deals with in marginal abatement cost to develop environmental technology in the long view. Therefore, the application possibility of the incentive environmental policy instrument was studied in this research to realize the countermeasure for controlling of SO2-emissions. As a result, enforcement of the countermeasure such as flue gas desulfurizer by command and control would be suitable because power generation is performed by the public or for the public in source of air pollution and thus, economic principle is not applied to the polluter. In the source of industrial pollution, enforcement of fuel tax is found to be suitable for the countermeasure for the use of low sulfur oil in terms of the flexibility of demand for the price in the long term. For the permissible air pollution standards applicable to all air pollutant emitting facilities, enforcement of incentive environmental policy such as bubble, off-set, banking policy or tradeable emission permits would be ideal in long terms according to the regional characteristics and the number and scale of air pollutant emitting facilities.

This study was carried out estimating the dry deposition flux of SO2 at eight urban areas in Korea during one year of 1996. To calculate the deposition flux, deposition velocities were calculated by turbulence parameters estimated from routine meteorological data. Also, hourly averaged SO2 concentrations which calculated from air pollution monitoring data of each city were used. The dry deposition velocities were mostly higher in the coastal areas than the other areas, which would be caused by relatively strong wind. And, they were high in the daytime because of turbulence activities. The deposition flux of SO2 is mainly related to the atmospheric concentration. The annual average SO2 concentration and the deposition flux were 22.62ppb and 1510.52g/㎢/hr at Pusan respectively. Also, the flux was higher in winter than other season, which was a significant contribution of exhausted fuel for heating. While the deposition velocity was high to 0.688㎝/sec at Yosu in case of strong wind and small cloud cover, the deposition flux was high to 1597.4g/㎢/hr at Pusan in case of weak wind and small cloud cover.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether Vermi Cast could be used effectively to remove SO2 from flue gas, and then to investigate optimum adsorption conditions. The Vermi Cast used as adsorbent was mechanically screened with 8∼20 mesh sieve. The adsorption data for S02 were regressed using the Freundlich isotherm. The fit was generally satisfactory (R2=0.945∼0.982). With the temperature changes from 20℃ to 40℃, the constant k in Freundlich isotherm qe = kCe(1/n), decreased from 1.409 at 20℃ to 0.297 at 40℃, and the exponent 1/n were decreased from 0.343 to 0.134. With the bed depth changes from 10㎝ to 30㎝, the adsorption capacity expressed as m㏖ of SO2 adsorbed per g of Vermi Cast increased from 0.247 to 0.381. Moisture content is an important parameter in the SO2 adsorption efficiency. When the moisture content ranging 23∼53% temperature 28℃ the amount of SO2 adsorbed were observed over 0.3m㏖ SO2/g Vermi Cast. The best adsorption capacity was 0.487m㏖ SO2/g Vermi Cast, and it was obtained with moisture content 37%, temperature 20℃. From the above results, it might be concluded that Vermi Cast is effectively available as a good adsorbent to remove SO2 from flue gas.

Statistical SO_2 forecasting technique by multiple regression analysis was designed and developed to predict SO_2 concentration in Wonju City. SO_2 concentration data measured from air pollution monitoring system and meteorological factors data such as : wind speed, atmospheric stability, surface temperature, relative humidity and precipitation were used in Wonju City during the 1996∼1997. As the results, correlation model for forecasting was well fitted with some parameters including minimum temperature, wind speed and the SO_2 concentration of the previous day.

The Characteristics of atmospheric flow and dispersion of air pollutants in the mountainous coastal area were studied using three-dimensional model by the combination of land/sea breezes and transport. It was then applied to Pusan city. As the urban area considered in this study is located in a mountainous coastal area, the atmospheric flow is strongly affected by the land/sea breezes and mountain/valley winds. The typical effects of land/sea breezes on the dispersion and the characteristics of pollutants movement in the region were analysed. The model has been proved to be an useful tool to pridict real time air pollutants transport as shown by the results of application studies in Pusan, Korea which is an urbanized coastal area with mountainous topography. It was found that the pollutants are differently transported and concentrated as going inland by the influence of the sea breeze with topographic changes. By comparing the pollutants concentrations of the simulated results with those of the observational results, it is shown that simulated results in this study are in qualitative agreement with observational ones.

The Characteristics of atmospheric flow and dispersion of air pollutants in the mountainous coastal area were studied using two-dimensional model by the combination of land-sea breezes and transport. The pollutants emitted into the simulated wind field in considering with the mesoscale local circulations. The typical effects of land-sea breezes and tophography of coastal area on the dispersion are discussed in detail, and the model is proved as an useful tool to pridict real time pollutant transport by the results of application studies in Pusan, Korea where the urbanized coastal area with mountainous topography. It was found that sulfur dioxide (SO2) are differently transported and concentrated as going inland by the influence of the sea breeze with topographic changes.

The effects of reaction temperature, SO_2 and CO_2 concentration in an air gas stream, particle sizes of limestone on the reactivity and capacity of SO_2 removal have been determined in a thermogravimetric analyser(TGA). The apparent reaction order of sulfation reaction of pre-calcined lime(CaO) with respect to SO_2 is found to be close to unity. The apparent activation energies are found to be 17,000 ㎉/kmol for sulfation of pre-calcined lime and 19,500 ㎉/kmol for direct sulfation of limestone(CaCO_3). The initial sulfation reaction rate of pre-calcined lime increases with increasing temperature, whereas the sulfur capture capacity exhibits a maximum value at 900℃. In direct sulfation of limestone, sulfation reactivity and sulfur capature capacity of sorbent increase with increasing temperature and decreasing CO_2 concentration in a gas bulk stream. The main pore of pre-calcined lime is shifted to the larger pore sizes and pore volume decreases with increasing sulfation time and temperature. The surface area of lime decreases with increasing calcination temperature under an air atmosphere, whereas is rearly constant under a CO_2(5, 10%) atmosphere in a gas stream.

The concentrations of SO_2 and SO_3 were measured to estimate a new developed long time exposure SO_2 sampler at Onsan industrial area considering the meteorological factors from June to October, 1992. The mean concentration of SO_3 by PbO_2 method was 0.924 ㎎ S0_3/100㎠ PbO_2/day and their high values were shown in the center of the industrial area, which show potential pollution due to the increase of industrial activities and micrometeorological factors in and around the sites. As a result of statistical correlation between SO_2 concentration by new sampling method and SO_3 concentration by PbO_2 method in July and August, 1992, correlation coefficients were high (r=0.87, 0.91) and shown more than 0.83 value in the high concentration data set, which was arbitrarily divided into 7-10㎕ SO_2 concentration in an attempt to further investigate these relationships. Therefore, use of new developed long time exposure SO_2 sampler is good for SO_2 measurement and valuable for estimation of air quality in the urban and industrial area.