With the rapid change of rural communities and increasing desire for social welfare, the demand for the quality of public spaces and facilities is increasing. However, inefficient location of rural public space and facility has caused problems such as economic inefficiency, inconvenient accessibility, environmental pollution, unsustainable energy use, and disturbance of visual landscape. This study aims to evaluate suitability of public spaces and facilities in three types of rural village: rural downtown village, rural clustered village, and individual village. As a way to measure the suitability of public spaces and facilities, we assessed indicators of suitability in terms of accessibility, usability, biophysical environment, and sustainable management. To evaluate the accessibility, we applied indicators such as distance from residential areas, public transit, market and public facilities. For the evaluation of biophysical environment, we applied indicators such as slope, elevation, aspect, and occurrence of natural disasters. We analyzed digital maps representing the indicators listed above using GIS. We also conducted a survey and face-to-face interviews to evaluate usability and sustainability of management which are not possible to understand through maps. As a result, we identified that suitability of public spaces and facilities in downtown villages is higher than clustered and individual villages. In particular, suitability of infrastructure facilities, social welfare facilities, and income generation facilities in downtown village are higher than those in clustered and individual villages. The suitability of tourism facilities is generally lower than other types of public facility across the three types of villages. Tourism facilities in clustered village have been identified especially unsuitable compared to other types of villages. We expect the outcome of the research is helpful to improve allocation of public spaces and facilities in rural villages.

최근 기후변화에 따른 강수패턴 및 국지적 집중호우 발생은 하수관거 확충과 같은 전통적 홍수관리 대책의 한계를 드러내고 있다. 극한 호우에 효율적으로 대처하기 위해선 폭우관련 방재시설의 정비·확충과 함께 방재시설 설계빈도 이상의 폭우 시 노면유출수를 효과적으로 저감하고 관리할 수 있는 방안이 강구되어야 한다. 이러한 전방위적인 노력의 일환으로 본 연구는 도시지역 내 산재해고 있는 공공시설을 효율적으로 활용하는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 우선 현재 공공시설을 대지규모와 건폐율을 기준으로 6개 유형으로 유형화한 후 각 유형별 공간구성요소를 파악하였다. 이후 현재 개발된 빗물유출저감시설을 침투와 저류기능 중심으로 분류하고 앞서 파악된 유형별 공간구성요소에 도입 가능한 세부시설을 제시하였다. 이렇게 제시된 각 세부시설의 최종 도입 적합여부를 공공시설의 입지특성을 고려하여 선정된 빗물유출 관리목표 하에서 다시금 판단함으로써 본 연구는 공공시설 내 빗물유출 저감시설 도입을 위한 의사결정에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to survey the subjective symptoms of workers and users in selected 5 public facility groups(offices, performance halls, private crammers, wedding halls and indoor sports facilities), located in Seoul, Daejeon and Chungnam Province. Overall as subjective symptoms that were worse at public facilities than those usual, following responses appeared: I have a headache, My eyes are dry or feel irritated or itching, I feel eyestrain or my eyes are bloodshot, My nose was stuffy, I have a cough, I feel dry in the throat or inflammation happens, I feel oppressed in the breast or sometimes have difficulty in breathing, My skin gets dry, My skin is itching or has some spots, I feel like vomiting, I feel easily tired or sleep, I lose my concentration and I feel my memory is falling, I feel dizzy, I feel depressed, I feel being sharp and feel tension, I feel muscular pain or stiffness on shoulders, back and neck. Also, we compare with normal subjective symptoms scores and subjective symptoms scores in public facilities. The highest subjective symptoms score in at normal was my skin gets dry(2.35 points) and subjective symptoms score in public facilities was I feel eyestrain or my eyes are bloodshot(2.61 points).

his study was investigated the characteristics of indoor air concentration of fiber particles in 30 public facilities and 245 schools by PCM (phase contrast microscopy). Also SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscope / energy dispersive using X-ray analysis) was used to obtain physicochemical information of asbestos fiber and to classify asbestos and non-asbestos of fiber particles. The airborne concentrations of fiber particles were 0.0009±0.0009 counts/mL in public facilities and 0.0012±0.0006 counts/mL in schools by PCM. All the samples were satisfied with the IAQ (indoor air quality) level of 0.01counts/mL. In classification of 4 type shapes, over 80% of the fiber particles were identified as single fiber type. And this study analysed airborne fiber particles in 4 sites for identifying asbestos of by SEM/EDX. The asbestos fibers in most samples could not be found.

This study aims to find out a state of the damages and vulnerable areas from natural disasters in the Korean peninsula using the prevention meteorological database information made by Park(2007b). Through the correlation analysis between damage elements and total property losses, we investigate the damages of public facilities, which have high correlation coefficient, and the cause of disasters and want to propose the basic information to set up the disaster prevention measures in advance. As a result, because most of the total property losses is the damages of public facilities, we can reduce the damages of natural disasters if we can predict the damages of public facilities or carry out the prevention activities in advance. The most vulnerable area for the natural disasters are Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangnam-do provinces. The vulnerable areas for the damages of public facilities by typhoon are Daegu metropolitan city, Gangwon-do, and Gyeongsangbuk-do provinces. These vulnerable areas will take place more frequently due to the climate change including Gyeongsangnam-do province so that we need to set up the disaster prevention measures and natural disaster mitigation plan. Also, we think that it has effect on reducing the damages of natural disasters to predict the damage scale and strongly perform the prevention activities in advance according to typhoon track and intensity.

This study was conducted to evaluate the characterization of airborne bioaerosol in public facilities in Seoul. A total of 17 public facilities were investigated from December, 2002 to February, 2003. As results of the survey, the mean concentrations of bacteria and fungi in indoor air of public facilities were 378.08±296.33CFU/m3 by RCS and 106.38±171.63CFU/m3 and 347.46±335.32CFU/m3 and 95.23±62.61CFU/m3, by Six-stage cascade air sampler respectively. The mean concentrations of bacteria in indoor air (by ventilation method) were 517.14±343.93CFU/m3 of natural ventilation and 215,83±100.71CFU/m3 of mechanical ventilation. The mean concentrations of fungi in indoor air (by ventilation method) were 83.14±79.16CFU/m3 of natural ventilation and 133.50±248.07 CFU/m3 of mechanical ventilation. The mean concentrations of bacteria in indoor air were 449.44CFU/m3 for the ground and 217.50±103.68CFU/m3 for the underground. The mean concentrations of fungi in indoor air were 63.89±77.66CFU/m3 for the ground and 202.00±290.08CFU/m3 for the underground.

PM10 concentrations were measured in underground stores located in 4 major cities, Chunchon, Wonju, Donghae and Sockcho, in Kangwon-Do using scattering light integrated type digital dust indicator. Personal exposure to PM10 for two women(housekeeper and graduate student) and a man(undergraduate student) were measured also. The dimensional conversion factors for mass concentrations(K) showed some difference among underground stores which were 2.0, 2.7, 3.4, 2.6 ㎍/㎥·CPM in chunchon, Wonju, Donghae and Sockcho, respectively. Average PM_10 concentrations at underground stores were 178 ㎍/㎥ in Chunchon, 141 ㎍/㎥ in Wonju, 125 ㎍/㎥ in Donghe and 59 ㎍/㎥ in Sockcho. The portion of PM10 in total suspended particles was about 50∼60 % as weight. The exposure of graduate student, housekeeper and undergraduate to PM10 during 12 hours were 1004.3 (㎍/㎥)·hr, 907.0 (㎍/㎥)·hr and 691.2 (㎍/㎥)·hr, respectively. Personal exposure to PM10 showed very different according to their activity pattern and they had more than 90 % of their PM10 exposure at indoor environment.