아버지가 어머니에 비해 양육에 참여하는 시간은 적을지라도 영․유아가 바람직한 방향으로 성장하는데 있어서 아버지는 필수적인 존재이기 때문에 아버지의 양육태도는 영․유아의 전인적 발달에도 영향을 끼치는데 영․ 유아의 사회성 발달에 중요한 영향을 끼친다. 아버지의 애정적 양육태도는 책임감과 의무감이 따른 자율적인 행동으로 가장 바람직한 형태의 양육태도로 창의적이고 사교적이며 사회적응력이 높다고 한다.

유아시기에 사회성발달이 잘 이루어지지 않으면 사회적 관계를 맺을 때에 어려움을 느끼고 대인관계를 기피 할 수 있다. 사회성은 행복한 삶을 사는데 있어서 가장 중요한 요소이다. 부모의 양육태도 특히 어머니의 양육태도는 유아의 전 일생에 영향을 주며 유아의 미래와 성격에 지대한 영향이 있음을 알 수 있다. 부모는 자녀에게 너무 과한 기대와 욕심을 낮추고 자녀의 이야기를 잘 들어주어 자아가 잘 발달 할 수 있도록 지지와 응원이 필요할 것이다.

The structural formation of inorganic nanoparticles dispersed in polymer matrices is a key technology for producing advanced nanocomposites with a unique combination of optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles are attractive for increasing the refractive index and dielectric constant of polymer nanocomposites. Current synthesis processes for BaTiO3 nanoparticles require expensive precursors or organic solvents, complicated steps, and long reaction times. In this study, we demonstrate a simple and continuous approach for synthesizing BaTiO3 nanoparticles based on a salt-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. This process allows the synthesis of BaTiO3 nanoparticles with diameters of 20-50 nm and a highly crystalline tetragonal structure. The optical properties and photocatalytic activities of the nanoparticles show that they are suitable for use as fillers in various nanocomposites.

Photoelectron-hole separation efficiency plays an important role in the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts towards the degradation of organic molecules. In this study, TiO2/TiOF2 heterostructured composite powders with suitable band structures, which structures are able to separate photoelectron-hole pairs, have been synthesized using a simple and versatile ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process. In addition, their phase volume fractions have been controlled by varying the pyrolysis temperature from 400 oC to 800 oC. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized powders have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The powder with a phase volume ratio close to 1, compared with single TiOF2 and other composite powders with different phase volume fractions, was found to have superior photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B. This result shows that the TiO2/TiOF2 heterostructure promotes the separation of the photoinduced electrons and holes and that this powder can be applicable to environmental cleaning applications.

Inorganic phosphors based on ZrO2:Eu3+ nanoparticles were synthesized by a salt-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process that is suitable for industrially-scalable production because of its continuous nature and because it does not require expensive precursors, long reaction time, physical templates or surfactant. This facile process results in the formation of tiny, highly crystalline spherical nanoparticles without hard agglomeration. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the ZrO2:Eu3+ (1-20 mol%) confirmed the body centered tetragonal phase. The average particle size, estimated from the Scherrer equation and from TEM images, was found to be approximately 11 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) emission was recorded under 266 nm excitation and shows an intense emission peak at 607 nm, along with other emission peaks at 580, 592 and 632 nm which are indicated in red.

Noncontact direct-printed conductive silver patterns with an enhanced electrical resistivity are fabricated using a silver ink with a mixture of silver nanoparticles and nanoplates. The microstructure and electrical resistivity of the silver pattern are systematically investigated as a function of the mixing ratio of the nanoparticles and nanoplates. The pattern, which is fabricated using a mixture with a mixing ratio of 3(nanoparticles):7(nanoplates) and sintered at 200oC shows a highly dense and well-sintered microstructure and has a resistivity of 7.60 μΩ·cm. This originates a mutual synergistic effect through a combination of the sinterability of the nanoparticles and the packing ability of the nanoplates. This is a conductive material that can be used to fabricate noncontact direct-printed conductive patterns with excellent electrical conductivity for various flexible electronics applications, including solar cells, displays, RFIDs, and sensors.

TiOF2, which has remarkable electrochemical and optical properties, is used in various applications such as Li-ion batteries, electrochemical displays, and photocatalysts. In addition, it is possible to utilize the template which is allowed to synthesize fluorine doped TiO2 powders with hollow or faceted structures. However, common synthesis methods of TiOF2 powders have some disadvantages such as the use of expensive and harmful precursors and batchtype processes with a limited production scale. In this study, we report a synthetic route for preparing TiOF2 powders by using an inexpensive and harmless precursor and a continuous ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process under a controlled atmosphere to address the aforementioned problems. The synthesized powder has an average size of 1 μm, a spherical shape, a pure TiOF2 phase, and exhibits a band-gap energy of 3.2 eV.

Among indoor air pollutants, the aldehydes are of particular interest due to their impact on health because they are mainly indoor air polluants which emitted from building materials and adhesives. Formaldehyde is also contributed by various construction materials, including pressed wood products made with urea formaldehyde resins or phenol formaldehyde resins, conversion varnishes, and latex paints. In this study, aldehyde levels were compared with new dwellings and old types under the various indoor conditions. Aldehydes were sampled in each indoor sampling site using 2,4-DNPH cartridge. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein appeared to be the major indoor aldehydes without relating any type of apartment. This study also revealed that propionaldehyde, butylaldehyde and benzaldehyde were of minor importance compared to formaldehyde level.

The Internet, revolution referred to as the greatest media medium revolution since the discovery of the printing technology, discovery of typography has given birth to various legal issues in the field of intellectual property rights. Specifically, regulating the usagerelationship between copyright holders and users of their contents has recently been the focus central theme in copyright legislative regime. This article thesis places a focus on the interpretation of the rights of and their usage the relationship between copyright holders and content users in light of the recent technological developments in the copyright legislative regime relating to the music industry, and provides the author's perspective on resulting from the change of technologies in the copyright legislative system, particularly, related to the music industry, the issues that emerged from the music industry and on study of problems in view of business-people over the many years during which the author had worked with leading communications companies, Internet companies, electronic appliance manufacturers, and content providers in Korea. Also, this article thesis also reviews has studied the main issues that emerged from the Soribada case, the largest dispute in the on-line music industry, in which the author was personally involved as legal counsel to the Soribada system operator. Soribada case which was the largest issue in the field of on-line music industry and as a legal working staff on the legal execution process and the content of refutation thereof, so as to catch the core of the refutation. This article thesis is divided into three parts - (1) Part One examines the on-line music industry by looking at its characteristics and possible effects on that is, the contemplation of the on-line music industry about features of the on-line music industry and about what effects the on-line music industry causes to other content markets in the future (2) Part Two discusses various legal issues arising in that the on-line music industry raised, including those related to (i) the right to reproduction, (ii) the right of transmission, (iii) the liabilities responsibility of service providers, (iv) private use, (v) contributory infringement, aiding and abetting and (vi) technological developments of technologies and program production; and (3) Part Three provides the analysis of the Soribada case and the Bugs Music case, which are two representative the P2P case and the streaming cases, and the author's opinion on the legal issues in the on-line music industry which emerged from the aforementioned cases.

This study was conducted to survey the subjective symptoms of workers and users in selected 5 public facility groups(offices, performance halls, private crammers, wedding halls and indoor sports facilities), located in Seoul, Daejeon and Chungnam Province. Overall as subjective symptoms that were worse at public facilities than those usual, following responses appeared: I have a headache, My eyes are dry or feel irritated or itching, I feel eyestrain or my eyes are bloodshot, My nose was stuffy, I have a cough, I feel dry in the throat or inflammation happens, I feel oppressed in the breast or sometimes have difficulty in breathing, My skin gets dry, My skin is itching or has some spots, I feel like vomiting, I feel easily tired or sleep, I lose my concentration and I feel my memory is falling, I feel dizzy, I feel depressed, I feel being sharp and feel tension, I feel muscular pain or stiffness on shoulders, back and neck. Also, we compare with normal subjective symptoms scores and subjective symptoms scores in public facilities. The highest subjective symptoms score in at normal was my skin gets dry(2.35 points) and subjective symptoms score in public facilities was I feel eyestrain or my eyes are bloodshot(2.61 points).