This paper is to study a technique to detect the real-time route aberrance on the passage route using bumper area of the ship domain theory. In order to evaluate the risk of route aberrance, a quarter line was created between the center line and the outer line, and a passage route with the image line outside the outer line was designed. It calculated the real-time route aberrance with the vessel bumper area to measure the risk level on the passage route. The route aberrance using overlap bumper area was simulated through three kinds of scenario vessel at the designed passage route. In this paper, we proposed Ratio to Aberrance Risk as one of the evaluation parameter to detect the route aberrance risk at each sector in the passage route and to give the evaluation criteria of 5 levels for seafarer’s navigation safety. The purpose of this work is to provide the information of the route aberrance to seafarer automatically, to make it possible to prevent the human errors of seafarer on the high risk aberrance route. As the real-time risk of route aberrance on the passage route is automatically evaluated, it was well thought that seafarer can have only a little workload in order to know the risk of route aberrance at early-time. Following the further development of this work, the techniques for detecting the real-time route aberrance will be able to use the unmanned vessel.

Kim, Kyu-hyun. 2016. “The Topic Marker -Nun as an Interactional Resource: Domain Shifting as Stance-Managing Practice”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(3). 65~94. From the conversation-analytic perspective, this paper examines the interactional meaning of -nun with reference to its constitutive role of organizing assessment activities in naturally occurring conversations. -Nun is analyzed as a grammatical resource deployed for ‘shifting’ the domain whose relevancies are transiently invoked as a new assessable being brought up, or as delimiting the scope of valency to be accorded the assessable. The domain-shifting makes relevant a new set of stance-taking possibilities, which is done in an ‘other-attentive’ way; the shift is made either towards minimizing stance difference and promoting rapport among the participants in the context of disagreement, or towards further elaborating stance alignment what agreement is already in place. The ‘other-attentive’ orientation that the nun-speaker displays in managing his/her stance vis-à-vis the other’s is countervailed by his/her epistemic claim about the invoked domain, whose valency is additionally modulated by sentence-ending suffixes (SESs). The domain-shifting practice, mediated by -nun, draws upon membership categorization work as its organizational basis. Tied to the categories or category-bound features invoked in the prior context, different aspects or types of the assessable, marked by -nun, are transiently brought up as part of a contrastive device. This practice furnishes the speaker with a resource for formulating his/her action as an ‘affiliative’ (though not necessarily ‘aligning’) move geared towards managing stance and face as a collaborative interactional business.

본 연구의 목적은 시스템 식별기술과 칼만필터링을 기반으로 계측된 가속도응답을 이용하여 구조물에 작용하는 모달하중을 역으로 추정하는 기법을 제시하는데 있다. 하중추정 과정에서 가속도응답은 모드응답으로 분해되며 각 모드응답에 대한 모달하중을 역으로 추정한다. 역해석과정에서 발생하는 ill-posed문제를 피하기 위하여 가상진동기에 의해 구조물의 고유진동수와 감쇠비를 보다 정밀하게 구하기 위한 시스템 식별법을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 기법의 적용성을 위하여 40층의 철골구조물에 태풍이 작용 했을 때 계측된 가속도를 사용하였다. 적용결과에 의하면 본 연구에서 제안된 하중추정법에 의하여 모달하중 추정이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

Maturation-promoting factor (MPF) is well-known as cell cycle regulator during oocyte maturation and fertilization. MPF activity maintains high levels and arrest the cell cycle progression until fertilization. After fertilization, Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) mediated degradation of cyclin B causes decrease of MPF activity. One of the cytostatic factor (CSF), Emi2 inhibits APC/C activity by binding to APC/C-cdc20, therefore blocks the proteolysis of cyclin B. Degradation of Emi2 requires phosphorylation by Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1). Thus recognition and phosphorylation of Emi2 by Plk1 are essential step for meiotic cell cycle resumption. In our previous research, we found that two phosphorylated threonine regions at amino acid position 152 and 176 in Emi2 are respectively contributed for recognition by polo-box domain of Plk1. Peptidomimetics 103-8 can block the interaction between Plk1-PBD and Emi2, and therefore meiotic maturation and meiosis resumption via parthenogenetic activation were impaired. However, major drawback of 103-8 was the limitation of penetration through the cell membrane. We synthesized the new peptidomimetics and checked bioavailability in mammalian oocyte by injection and media treatment. Medium treatment with peptidomimetics C-4, meiotic maturation has significantly decreased and meiotic resumption via parthenogenetic activation has perfectly impaired. For the next experiment, we are preparing X-ray crystallography to identify the binding modes between Plk1-PBD and peptidomimetics C-4.

We introduce a depth scaling strategy to improve the accuracy of frequency-domain elastic full waveform inversion (FWI) using the new pseudo-Hessian matrix for seismic data without low-frequency components. The depth scaling strategy is based on the fact that the damping factor in the Levenberg-Marquardt method controls the energy concentration in the gradient. In other words, a large damping factor makes the Levenberg-Marquardt method similar to the steepest-descent method, by which shallow structures are mainly recovered. With a small damping factor, the Levenberg-Marquardt method becomes similar to the Gauss-Newton methods by which we can resolve deep structures as well as shallow structures. In our depth scaling strategy, a large damping factor is used in the early stage and then decreases automatically with the trend of error as the iteration goes on. With the depth scaling strategy, we can gradually move the parameter-searching region from shallow to deep parts. This flexible damping factor plays a role in retarding the model parameter update for shallow parts and mainly inverting deeper parts in the later stage of inversion. By doing so, we can improve deep parts in inversion results. The depth scaling strategy is applied to synthetic data without lowfrequency components for a modified version of the SEG/EAGE overthrust model. Numerical examples show that the flexible damping factor yields better results than the constant damping factor when reliable low-frequency components are missing.

Composite resins are developed as restorative materials to improve esthetics and mechanical properties. To improve the physical properties of resin material, resin filler have to be added. However, no imaging method is adopted for resin filler distribution. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a optical imaging technique to delineate microscopic structures within biological tissue. The OCT application to dental composites resin and its filler is not described yet. So, this new and advanced optical method is needed for clinical application for evaluation of dental composite resin. To analyze the spatial distribution of dental composite resin and to evaluate the resin restoration in cavity, frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) was used for their analysis. Resin restored tooth was prepared. For morphological observation, serially sectioned teeth, conventional X-ray taking and micro computed-tomography (CT) images were compared with OCT images. The experiment has done to evaluate the success of the resin restoration using 3 dimensional structure OCT image. In this research, OCT is evaluated as a new technique to image resin restoration. The evaluation of resin restored tooth was performed by OCT. Inappropriate restoration such as marginal adaptation, large porosities, internal integrity and poor contour could be detected. Resin filler also could be checked by OCT. The distribution, number, regularity and size of resin filler can be differentiated from several commercial products. Considering the characteristics of the OCT, it can be used to evaluate the defects of resin restoration, resin filler distribution, and internal integrity between resin material and tooth structure. The OCT can be considered to be a new and advanced method for the evaluation of resin restorations.

The paper suggests a new method of collision avoidance stemming from the concept of the polygonal target ship domain. Since the last century, we have witnessed the current typical ship domains classified and described. In this proposition, firstly, the domain is a geometrical manner which is used in both analytical and statistical method, resulting in the signification of practical application and simulation. Secondly, such domain will be applied to target ship under the combination of two separated parts: “Blocking area” and “Action area” in order to define the area where the ship must keep outside and how the actions to avoid collision can be generated. Thirdly, the concept has suggested the number of mathematical models for different approaching encounters, including head-on, overtaking and crossing situation. Finally, the parameters of turning circle of the ship can be proposed in determining the size of the domain. Statistical evidences indicate that this method reflects a crew’s real habit and psychological in maneuvering. As the result, simple domain is shaped like imagination of sailors, but more accurate in calculating boundary. It promises an effective solution for automatic collision avoidance method. The next researches of this paper have achieved positive results in finding shortest route for avoiding collision. Moreover, while using statistical methods, classical researches face a serious problem in a wide application with different areas, this concept can make up a beneficial solution for the popular application. The numerous ship domains which are in previous researches will be carried out to compare and point out the simplification and effectiveness of the new method in practice.

국제인터넷주소관리기구(ICANN)는 23개에 불과했던 일반최상위도메인(gTLD) 문자열의 범 위를 원하는 언어로 된 상표나 일반명사로 확장하 는 새로운 DNS 정책을 도입하였다. 신규 gTLD 에 드는 고액의 평가요금과 장기간의 절차에도 불 구하고, 세계 유수의 기업들은 브랜드 마케팅 전 략이자 새로운 비즈니스 모델로서의 잠재력을 예 상하며 gTLD 선점 경쟁에 나섰다. 그런데 신규 gTLD 프로그램이 일부 국가와 기업에만 이익을 편중시키고 ‘콘텐츠 중립성’을 해친다는 비판도 있어 검토가 요구된다. 가장 주목해야 할 부분은, 동 프로그램이 gTLD에 폭넓은 표현의 기회를 부여하는 반면에 ‘평가’, ‘이의제기’ 등으로 그 위임을 제한한다는 점이다. 신규 gTLD가 콘텐츠로서 ‘표현의 자유’ 영역에 편입된 이상 기본권 보장 및 제한의 원리 가 면밀하게 적용되어야 하며, 각 문자열마다 유 권 해석이 요구된다. ICANN이 주도적으로 고안⋅운영하는 gTLD 신청 절차는 각국 언어의 특수 성, 사회⋅문화적 영향력, 국내 법현실 등을 적정 하게 반영하는 데에 한계가 있다. 인터넷의 생활 공간화, 신규 gTLD의 콘텐츠 주도력, 자국어 도 메인의 국내적 관련 등과 같은 요인을 고려해볼 때, 인터넷 거버넌스의 출발점인 DNS 관리체계도 국가 단위의 참여 구조를 흡수해야 할 때가 왔다. 신규 gTLD 신청 절차의 공정성 확보를 위해, 본고는 DNS 혁신이 내포하는 ‘다원적 중립성’을 충족시키는 방향으로 접근할 것을 제안한다. (1) 인터넷 주권 존중을 바탕으로 국가별로 초기 평가 절차를 수행하는 한편, (2) 평가 기준 명확화, 자 격 요건 완화 등을 통해 합헌성을 담보하는 것이 효과적인 개선 방안이 될 수 있다.

This study explored the effects of creativity-based L2 poem writing (CBLPW) for EFL college students. A total of 40 college students participated, who were assigned to two conditions-non-creativity and creativity groups. The present study employed pre-, post-, and delayed-tests for creativity using the Torrance Test of Creativity, pre-, post-, and delayed-evaluations of L2 poem writing quality, and pre- and post-questionnaires for participants' affective domain. The results showed immediate and sustained effects of CBLPW on creativity, and writing quality. In addition, an overall positive effect of CBLPW was observed in the affective domain such as interests, confidence, and motivation for the two groups. These findings suggest that teachers could offer students a wide range of creativity techniques in order to enhance their levels of creativity, L2 poem writing quality, and the affective domain of learners.

본고는 교육과정에 제시된 ‘독해’영역의 내용을 토대로 평가요소를 추출하고 평가요소에 따른 평가 문항을 검토하여 새로운 ‘독해’영역의 평가문항의 개발 방향을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 새로운 평가문항 개발 방향의 모색을 위해 2007 개정교육과정, 2009 개정교육과정에 제시된 내용체계에 제시된 내용을 바탕으로 평가요소를 추출하고, 추출된 평가요소에 따라 국가수준의 대학수학능력시험 평가 문항과 학교수준의 평가문항을 검토하였다. 문항의 검토를 통해 장단점을 확인하고 새로운 평가유형 개발에 반영하기 위해서였다. 하지만 평가의 유형이 지필평가 문항에 제한되어 교육과정상에 제시된 다양한 평가요소들이 문항으로 실현되지 못하는 한계를 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 평가문항의 유형과 평가의 내용이 다양하지 못했으며, 다양한 글감을 통해 ‘독해’영역을 평가하지 못하는 문제 또한 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 내외적인 문제의 해결점은 교육과정 내용 및 평가 요소에 대한 정치한 분석을 통한 이론의 정립과 다양한 한문교육 주체의 적극적인 참여를 통한 평가문항의 개발과 같은 실천적인 접근에서 찾아야 할 것이다.

이 연구의 목적은 STEAM 프로그램이 고등학생의 정의적 영역에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 ‘산사태와 우리생활’을 주제로 한 STEAM 프로그램을 개발하여 고등학교 과학 동아리 학생 16명에게 7주 동안 적용하였다. 정의적 영역에 관한 과학적 태도 검사를 사전과 사후에 실시하였으며, 프로그램 적용이 끝난 후 STEAM 프로그램에 관한 설문조사 및 심층인터뷰를 실시하였다. 과학적 태도의 관점에서 STEAM 프로그램은 즐거움, 가치, 자신감, 그리고 일반적인 과학적 태도에서 긍정적 효과를 가져 온다는 것이 나타났다. 프로그램 평가 설문지 결과를 살펴보면 정의적 영역에 도움이 되었다고 응답한 학생이 가장 많았으며 인지적 영역에서도 긍정적 변화가 있음이 확인되었다.

본 논문에서는 전자기파에 대한 수치적 파동흡수 경계모델인 Perfectly-Matched-Layer(PML)를 개발하고 PML을 연동시킨 유한요소법에 의해 콘크리트 구조물을 통과하는 마이크로파의 전파거동을 해석하는 수치적 기법을 제시한다. 콘크리트 부재와 공기로 구성된 무한매질을 PML을 경계로 하는 유한영역으로 치환하고, 이 유한영역에서 평면 전자기파에 대한 시간영역 맥스웰방정식의 수치 해를 혼합유한요소법에 의해 계산하였다. 공기로만 이루어진 균일매질의 경우와 콘크리트 구조물이 존재하는 비균일 매질의 경우에 대하여 단일주파수 및 복합주파수를 갖는 마이크로파의 전기장을 계산하였고, 오차분석을 위해 L2-놈 형태로 표현되는 정해와 수치 해의 상대오차를 정의하여 수치 해의 정확도를 평가하였다. 이 연구는 마이크로파를 이용한 철근콘크리트 구조물의 건전도평가 및 손상평가에 적용될 수 있다.