Demand for organic analysis increase as industries are growing and many products are spreaded in the daily life. One of many products is oil spill dispersant. It was used for oil accident in the ocean. When oil spill dispersant spread at the ocean, the petroleum in the ocean is dispersed. The oil spill dispersant is made of non ionic surfactant and petroleum oil. The non ionic surfactant disperse petroleum from oil accident. The other part is petroleum oil which has aromatic hydrocarbon. Because the aromatic hydrocarbon is cancerogenic material, it directly injure animals in the ocean. This cause the second pollution in the human body. Many oil accidents still are controlled by oil spill dispersant. Therefore quality control of the oil spill dispersant become important and this also demand for the exact quantitative analysis of aromatic hydrocarbon. Hereupon the first we develop separate petroleum oil from surfactant. The second standardize analytical method of aromatic hydrocarbon in the separated petroleum oil.

연소화염법을 이용한 다이아몬드 박막합성시 기판표면온도 및 온도분포에 가장 크게 작용하는 공정변수는 탄화수소량을 결정하는 산소/아세틸렌 가스의 혼합비(R=O2C2H2)이다. 본 연구에서는 혼합가스비율 변화 (R=0.87-0.98)에 따른 기판표면온도 및 온도분포를 측정하고, 이들 변수에 따른 다이아몬드 박막의 생성 및 결정형상의 변화과정을 SEM관찰, Raman 분광분석 및 X-선 회절 분석을 통해 조사하였다. 혼합가스비율의 증가에 따라 다이아몬드의 생성입자 수밀도는 감소하였고, 이와 동시에 결정형상도 (111)면과 (100)면이 혼재된 cobo octahedron형에서 octahedron인 (111)면으로 변화되었다. 한편, 기판온도증가에 따라 생성입자의 수밀도가 증가하고 성장속도도 빨라져 조대한 결정을 얻었으며, 생성된 입자형성은 (111)면애 지배적이다가 (100)결정면이 점차 많아지는 양상을 나타내었다.

DeNOx experiments for the effects of hydrocarbon additives on diesel SNCR process were conducted under oxidizing diesel exhaust conditions. A diesel-fueled combustion system was set up to simulate the actual cylinder and head, exhaust pipe and combustion products, where the reducing agent NH3 and C2H6/diesel fuel additives were separately or simultaneously injected into the exhaust pipe, used as the SNCR flow reactor. A wide range of air/fuel ratios (A/F=20~40) were maintained, based on engine speeds where an initial NOx level was 530 ppm and the molar ratios (β=NH3/NOx) ranged between 1.0~2.0, together with adjusting the amounts of hydrocarbon additives. Temperature windows were normally formed in the range of 1200~1350K, which were shifted downwards by 50~100K with injecting C2H6/diesel fuel additives. About 50~68% NOx reduction was possible with the above molar ratios (β) at the optimum flow #1 (Tin=1260K). Injecting a small amount of C2H6 or diesel fuel (γ=hydrocarbon/NOx) gave the promising results, particularly in the lower exhaust temperatures, by contributing to the sufficient production of active radicals (OH/O/HO2/H) for NOx reduction. Unfortunately, the addition of hydrocarbons increased the concentrations of byproducts such as CO, UHC, N2O and NO2, and their emission levels are discussed. Among them, Injecting diesel fuel together with the primary reductant seems to be more encouraging for practical reason and could be suggested as an alternative SNCR DeNOx strategy under diesel exhaust systems, following further optimization of chemicals used for lower emission levels of byproducts.

In order to prepare the information needed to construct a reduction system for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exhausted from ship-block paint-booths in a giant shipyard, VOCs in paint-shop airs were analyzed and compared to the components in paint thinners. Aromatic hydrocarbons containing eight and nine carbon atoms are known to be major VOC compounds found in shipyard paint-shops. The total hydrocarbon (THC(C7)) concentrations calibrated using toluene gas, were measured in block paint-shops with two photo-ionization detector (PID) meters, and the resulting THC(C7) data were converted to THC(C1) concentrations according to the Standard Methods for the Measurements of Air Pollution in South Korea. THC(C1) concentrations near the spray site ranged from 10 to 2,000 ppm, but they were less than 400 ppm near the walls of the paint-booth. The measurements of THC concentrations, based on the height of the monitoring sites, were related to the height of the target to which the spray paints were applied. The maximum concentrations occurred at almost the same height as the spray targets. When painted blocks had been dried-by warming with no spraying, the THC concentrations were 80~100 ppm.

본 연구는 호두를 대상으로 감마선을 1-10 kGy 선량으로 조사시켜 생성된 hydrocarbon류와 2-alkylcyclobutanone류를 통해 방사선 조사여부를 확인하였다. 지방은 soxhlet방법으로 n-hexane을 추출용매로 사용하였고 florisil이 충진된 column으로 분리하여 gas chromatography / mass spectrometry(GC/MS)로 확인하였다. 감마선 조사된 호두에서 검출된 주요 hydrocarbon류는 oleic acid에서 유도된 8-heptadecene과 linoleic acid에서 유도된 8,11-Heptadecadiene, 1,7,10-Hexadecatriene이었고, 검출된 주요 2-alkylcyclobutanone류는 linoleic acid와 oleic acid에서 유도된 2-(5',8'-tetradecadienyl)cyclobutanone(5',8'-TCB), 2-(5'-tetradecenyl) cyclobutanone(TECB)가 가장 높은 함량으로 확인되었다. 조사된 호두에서 생성된hydrocarbon류와 2-alkylcyclobutanone류의 생성량은 선량에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 이 화합물들은 1 kGy 이상 조사된 시료에서만 나타났으며 비조사 시료에서는 확인되지 않았다. 따라서 방사선 조사에 의해 oleic acid과 linoleic acid에서 유도된 hydrocarbon류 중 8-heptadecene, 8,11-Heptadecadiene 및 1,7,10-Hexadecatriene, 2-alkylcyclobutanone류 중 5',8'-TCB 및 TECB는 감마선 조사 여부의 확인을 위한 marker로서 활용가능성이 높게 나타났다.

In this study, the thermo-catalytic hydrogenation using corn stark and wasted palm kernel shell was carried out for the production of hydrocarbon compounds in direct biomass liquefaction. The conversion of biomass in direct biomass liquefaction over Mo-based catalyst increased with increasing the reaction temperature and the content of the volatile matter contained in biomass and the corn starch was more available than the wasted palm kernel shell. And then, the conversion was about 97.9% using corn starch and was about 92.4% using wasted palm kernel shell at 400oC. It was confirmed that the liquefied products obtained after the thermo-catalytic reaction were C6, C7, C8-typed hydrocarbon compounds.

In order to elucidate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration and its origin in arctic area, four arctic brown algae (Laminaria saccharina, L. digita, Alaria esculenta, Desmarestia aculeata), one marine invertebrate (Echinoidea) and sediments were collected from Kongsfjorden in Spitsbergen from the late July to early August, 2003. In case of macroalgae, the young blade part above growth point and the old stipes and blades beneath growth point were separated and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an attempt to check the mechanism of uptake in macroalgae to accumulate PAH. There was no difference in PAH concentrations between sampling sites (Stations B and C), species, and blades beneath and above growth point. PAH concentrations in all samples collected in this study were relatively higher than those reported in other areas of arctic. Especially, station C, which is known as an unpolluted area, showed 10 times higher PAH concentration (8,765 ng/g) in sediment than station A (694 ng/g) around harbor. In addition high PAH concentration, station C had very higher proportion of methylated PAH to parent PAH in sediment than station A. Source analysis using PAH isomer pair ratios as indicators showed that Kongsfjorden area seemed to be relatively contaminated with PAH derived from direct petroleum input.

The pyrolysis reactions of atomic hydrogen with chloroform were studied in a 4 cm i.d, tubular flow reactor with low flow velocity (518 ㎝/sec) and a 2.6 ㎝ i.d. tubular flow reactor with high flow velocity (1227 ㎝/sec). The hydrogen atom concentration was measured by chemiluminescence titration with nitrogen dioxide, and the chloroform concentrations were determined using a gas chromatography. The chloroform conversion efficiency depended on both the chloroform flow rate and linear flow velocity, but did not depend on the flow rate of hydrogen atom. A computer model was employed to estimate a rate constant for the initial reaction of atomic hydrogen with chloroform. The model consisted of a scheme for chloroform-hydrogen atom reaction, Runge-Kutta 4th-order method for integration of first-order differential equations describing the time dependence of the concentrations of various chemical species, and Rosenbrock method for optimization to match model and experimental results. The scheme for chloroform-hydrogen atom reaction included 22 elementary reactions. The rate constant estimated using the data obtained from the 2.6 cm i.d. reactor was to be 8.1 × 10 exp (-14) ㎤/molecule-sec and 3.8 × 10 exp (-15) ㎤/molecule-sec, and the deviations of computer model from experimental results were 9% and 12%, for the each reaction time of 0.028 sec and 0.072 sec, respectively.

The rates of photodegradation, reactivities, and mechanisms of photooxidation for the aqueous solution containing with halogen derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons have been discussed with respect to the kinds of photocatalysts, concentration of photocatalytic suspensions, strength of radiant power , time of illumination, changes of pH of substrate solution, wavelength of radiation, and pressure of oxygen gas saturated in the solution. These aqueous solutions suspended with 0.5 gL^-1 TiO_2 powder have been photodecomposed in the range of 100 and 93.8% per 1 hour if it is illuminated with wavelength (λ≥ 300nm) produced from Xe-lamp(450W). The photocatalytic abilities have been increased in the order of Fe_2O_3 < CdS < CeO_2 < Y_O2_3 < TiO_2, and rates of photodegradation for the solution have maximum values in the condition of pH 6∼8 and 3 psi-O_2 gL^-1. These rates for the photooxidation per 1 hour were dependent on the size of molecular weight and chemical bonding for organic halogen compounds and the rates of photodegradation were increased in the order of C_2H_5Br < CH_2Br_2 < C_5H_11Cl C_2H_4Cl_2 < trans-C_2H_2Cl_2 < cis-C_2H_2Cl_2 The t_1/2 and t_99% for these solutions were 5∼21 and 40∼90 minutes, respectively, and these values were coincided with initial reaction kinetics(r_0). It was found that reaction of photodegradation has the pseudo first-order kinetics controlled by the amount of h^+_VB diffused from a surface of photocatalysts.