A spectral line survey is performed from 159.7 to 164.7 GHz toward Orion-KL, as an extension of our previous line survey from 138.3 to 150.7 GHz with the same 14 m radio telescope of Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory. Typical system temperatures were 260 - 1000 K to achieve a sensitivity of about 0.02 - 0.04 K in TA unit. A total of 63 line spectra are detected in this survey. Among them, 54 lines lines are found to be the first detections towards an astronomical source and only 9 spectral lines have been previously identified from other observations. Forty-eight of 54 lines are believed to be from the known transitions of the known molecules, while 6 lines are 'unidentified'. All detected lines are found to be from a total of 10 molecular species and their isotopic variants. The molecular species with most numerous detected transitions are HCOOCH3 (22), followed by CH3OCH3 (7), C2H5CN (7), and SO2 (6). The LTE rotation diagram analysis using all homogeneous data with those from previous survey gives more reliable determination of physical quantities. The derived values of the rotation temperatures and column densities for HCOOCH3, CH3OCH3, and SO2 are are 75 ~ 197 K and 1.5 ~ 18 × 10 15 cm -2, respectively.

Today''s database system needs to collect huge amount of questionnaire that results from development of the information technology by the internet, so it has to be administrable. However, there are many difficulties concerned with finding analytic data or

보존료인 소르빈산 및 소르빈산칼륨, 안식향산 및 그 염류, 파라옥시안식향산에스테르류를 중심으로 식품첨가물의 일일추정섭취량을 평가하는 새로운 방법으로서 설문조사법을 제시하여 일일추정섭취량을 구하였을 때 조사한 보존료 모두 일일섭취허용량(ADI)의 1%미만으로 매우 안전한 수준이였다. 기존에 수행된 최대허용량을 이용한 단순추정방법 및 실제 분석치를 이용한 정밀추정방법과 비교·평가하였을 때, 설문조사법에 의한 총 일일추정섭취량은 소르빈산염류의 경우 0.39 ㎎/㎏ bw/day로 실제 분석치를 이용한 정밀조사방법에 의한 값인 0.22㎎/㎏ bw/day보다 높았으나 최대허용량을 이용한 방법에 의한 값인 1.39 ㎎/㎏ bw/day보다는 훨씬 낮았다. 또한 안식향산염류와 파라옥시안식향산에스테르의 경우도 설문조사가 0.29㎎/㎏ bw/day, 0.03㎎/㎏ bw/day으로 정밀추정방법보다는 높게 나타났으나 단순추정방법인 최대허용량을 이용한 방법보다는 훨씬 낮은 값으로 정밀추정방법에 의한 값에 가까운 결과를 보였다. 따라서 설문조사법을 간편하고 경제적이면서 섭취량을 정밀하게 추정할 수 있는 식품첨가물 섭취량 평가의 방법으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

We present a fast reduction method of survey data obtained using a single-dish radio telescope. Along with a brief review of classical method, a new method of identification and elimination of negative and positive bad channels are introduced using cloud identification code and several IRAF (Image Reduction and Analysis Facility) tasks relating statistics. Removing of several ripple patterns using Fourier Transform is also discussed. It is found that BACKGROUND task within IRAF is very efficient for fitting and subtraction of base-line with varying functions. Cloud identification method along with the possibility of its application for analysis of cloud structure is described, and future data reduction method is discussed.

Quantitative habitat model is established with species occurrence and spatial abundance data, which were usually acquired by professional field ecologists and citizen scientists. The importance of citizen science data is increasing, but the quality of these data needs to be evaluated. This study aims to identify and compare both expert-based data and citizen science data based on the performance power of quantitative models derived from both data sets. A Maximum Entropy (MaxENT) model was developed using eight environmental variables, including climate, topography, landcover and distance to forest edge. The AUC values derived from the MaxENT model were 0.842 and 0.809, respectively, indicating a high level of explanatory power. All environmental variables has similar values for both data sets, except for the distance to forest edge and rice paddy, which was relatively higher for expert-based survey data than that of the citizen science data as the distances increased. This result suggests that habitat model derived from expert-based survey data shows more ecological niche including wider ranges from forest edges and isolated habitat patches of rice paddy. This is presumably because citizen scientists focuses on direct observation methods, whereas professional field surveys investigate a wider variety of methods.

There are many cases where large areas of the underground parking lots of residential buildings do not have proper measures against prevention of leakage, resulting in condensation, growth of infectious microogranisms and increase of pollution in the air. This paper discusses a study conducted to understand the awareness of leakage problems and the damage that follows in the underground structures of residential buildings.

There are many cases where large areas of the underground parking lots of residential buildings do not have proper measures against prevention of leakage, resulting in condensation, growth of infectious microogranisms and increase of pollution in the air. This paper discusses a study conducted to understand the awareness of leakage problems and the damage that follows in the underground structures of residential buildings.

Background : Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang is a species of Liliaceae and its tuber is used as medicinal herbs. This medicinal plant is mainly cultivated in Cheongyang and Buyeo of Chungcheongnam-Do and Miryang of Gyeongsangnam-Do. It is necessary to establish a cultivation techniques for stable production to solve the problems that are found on farms. These farm surveys were carried out to obtain the basic data on soil environment and cultivation conditions at main producing areas of Chungnam-Do in Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang. Methods and Results : The surveys were investigated from 37 farmers in Cheongyang and 32 farmers in Buyeo who cultivate Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang. There were slightly differences in the local characteristics between Cheongyang and Buyeo. The rate of successive cropping for more than 3 years were 19% at Cheongyang and 41% in Buyeo. The reason may be due to the a small-owned field. It has grown 28% at Cheongyang and 59% at Buyeo in paddy fields. The injury by successive cropping that farmers argued were the increasing pest/disease occurrence, degradation of tuber quality and yield reduction. Crops planted after the harvest of L. platyphylla were mostly Pepper or soybean in upland. It is necessary to reduce the injury of successive cropping. The results of 112 soil analysis data were classified by 8 soil series. There are many acidic soil, lack of organic matter, excess phosphate. However, it did not analyzed the influences on the growth and yield of the crop as affected by different soil conditions. Conclusion : From the above results, it is necessary to develop cultivation techniques on the reduction of injury of successive cropping, such as cropping system, seedling transplanting cultivation, cultivation methods for good agricultural practices(GAP) and soil improvement.

최근 전 세계적으로 홍수, 폭우, 태풍을 포함한 극한 현상이 빈번히 관측되고 있으며, 우리나라 역시 1980년대 후반부터 수재해에 따른 피해가 급증하고 있다. 국내 하천은 외국의 주요 하천에 비해 유량변동계수가 큰 특징을 가지므로 하천 및 하도관리 여건이 외국에 비해 상대적으로 열악하다고 할 수 있다. 하천의 유지·관리에 있어서 정확한 하천지형조사는 필수적인 요건이며, 정밀 하천지형제작을 위한 선진화된 조사방법의 도입이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 하천측량방법을 보완하는 유·무인 수심측량을 수행하여 고품질의 하천지형조사 자료를 획득하고자 한다. 또한 하천 유지·관리업무를 지속적으로 지원하기 위한 체계 구축방안으로써 측량 성과물을 입력자료로 하는 하상변동 자료관리 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다. 프로그램은 체계적인 자료 관리 측면에서 하천지형조사 자료의 현황 조회 기능을, 효율적인 자료 활용 측면에서 DEM 기반의 하천단면 조회 및 변화분석 기능을 탑재하여 유관기관에 배포 시 측량자료 제공의 표준화, 전산화 및 고도화를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

디지털 기술의 발달로 탄생하게 된 디지털방송은 기존 영상 중심의 방송 콘텐츠뿐만 아니라 게임, 날씨정보, 증권거래 등의 다양한 데이터방송 서비스 (디지털TV 상에 운용되는 응용소프트웨어)를 서비스하는 멀티 엔터테인먼트 플랫폼으로 발전하고 있다. 하지만 게임을 포함한 대부분의 데이터방송 서비스들이 리모컨 조작의 불편함과 시청자의 한정적인 시간을 대상으로 방송 콘텐츠와의 경쟁으로 인해 성공적인 효과를 거두지 못하고 있다. 본 논문은 디지털TV가 게임 플랫폼으로 발전하기 위한 전제 조건인 데이터방송 서비스의 활성화 문제를 해결하기 위해서 데이터방송 서비스 경험자를 대상으로 인터뷰 형식의 설문조사를 수행하여 데이터방송 서비스 이용의 저해 요인을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 시청자의 시청활동을 저해하지 않고 방송 콘텐츠와의 경쟁도를 낮추는 데이터방송 서비스 기획 가이드라인을 제안하였다.

환경노출로부터 야기되는 콘크리트 열화 중에서, 도심지 및 지하구조물의 탄산화에 대한 문제가 증가되고 있다. 그러나 현재 국내 콘크리트 구조물의 탄산화 예측에 사용되는 예측식은 국내 콘크리트 구조물의 노출환경을 고려하지 않고 기존 외국의 문헌에 수록되어 있는 예측식을 직접적으로 사용하여 오차를 수반하게 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 국내에서 시공되는 콘크리트 구조물의 노출환경에 따라 탄산화 깊이를 예측할 수 탄산화 예측식을 제안하는데 있다. 이를 위해, 기존 탄산화 예측식을 분석하였으며, 국내에서 광범위하게 시공된 콘크리트 구조물에 대한 실태조사자료를 이용하여 콘크리트 구조물의 노출환경을 고려한 보정계수를 도출하였다. 최종적으로 보정계수를 강도의 함수로 구현하여 국내의 대표적인 콘크리트 구조물의 노출환경에 따른 탄산화 예측식을 제안하였다.

Shannon and Simpson indexes are used for species diversity analysis of ecosystem. In species diversity analysis of ecosystem, not only frequency of each species but also survey size have to be considered. In this study, total information composed with knowledge and ignorance was suggested as a species diversity analysis method for ecosystem survey. To apply developed method, flora in the Sangachun river valley was sampled with 19 sites and 198 species. In applying results, Shannon index shows more reasonable results than Simpson index by the variance of sample size but has difficulties of determining the relation of surveying species number and sample site number. Suggested total information can overcome this difficulty by the relation of knowledge and ignorance.