Omni-directional high dynamic range images are used in image-based lighting or environment mapping. In game development environment high dynamic images can be used with shader assets. Recently various 360 VR camera systems are produced which can capture omni-directional images or video images without extra image stitching. In game development environment, shader assets or assets for shaders can be made along very time-consuming complex processes. In this paper, we proposed more simple and autonomous conversion system which can use directly in Unity.

In this study, nutritional analysis was done on regular rice bran and fermented rice bran toward increasing their availability and use. Regular and fermented rice bran were extracted 10 times at 98℃ for 4 hours each with water, extracted with 60% ethanol at 60℃ for 4 hours, then concentrated and extracted twice by freeze-drying. When rice bran was fermented, moisture, protein, and ash contents increased, while fats and carbohydrates decreased. Out of fatty acids, the saturated fatty acid content of regular rice ran was found to be 17.7%, and 20.5% when fermented while the unsaturated fatty acid components of rice ran and fermented rice bran were found to be 82.3 and 79.5%, respectively. In both kinds of bran, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid represented over 90% of the fatty acid content. In rice bran the fatty acid composition was 15.1% palmitic acid, 40.6% oleic acid and 39.5% linoleic acid, while that of fermented rice bran was 13.2% palmitic acid, 43.2% oleic acid and 31.3% linoleic acid. Out of free sugars fermented rice bran contained 0% fructose, 0.0099% glucose, 0.0039% maltose and 0.3233% sucrose. These results with which those of regular rice bran were silmilar were according to the normal sugar composition of rice in general. The vitamin C content of rice bran was 53㎎/100g and that of fermented rice bran 7㎎/100g. In neither kind of rice bran was vitamin A detected. Out of 18 minerals analyzed, Ca, K, Mg, and Mn were the most abundant minerals in both kinds of rice bran. Fermented rice bran had a higher K content with 3, 163㎎/100g, than normal rice bran, Mg content was 1, 178mg/100g. Fermented rice bran had a higher total mineral content.

An analytical method for trimethylamine in ambient air was developed, using headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Trimethylamine was collected on the acid filter which was impregnated sulfuric aicd in the 47 ㎜ diameter of glass fiber filter. Trimethylamine collected on the acid filter was regenerated in the headspace vial and introduced into the GC analytical column directly. Several parameters such as sample volume, equilibrium temperature and time, and slurry method of filter were optimized to provide maximum detection response. Resolution power also compared according to liquid phase of analytical column. The detection limit of method was 0.13 ppb with 50 L sampling volume. The developed acid filter method is easy to deal with the field sampling and the method was adopted as the standard method for odor analysis in Korea.

보존료인 소르빈산 및 소르빈산칼륨, 안식향산 및 그 염류, 파라옥시안식향산에스테르류를 중심으로 식품첨가물의 일일추정섭취량을 평가하는 새로운 방법으로서 설문조사법을 제시하여 일일추정섭취량을 구하였을 때 조사한 보존료 모두 일일섭취허용량(ADI)의 1%미만으로 매우 안전한 수준이였다. 기존에 수행된 최대허용량을 이용한 단순추정방법 및 실제 분석치를 이용한 정밀추정방법과 비교·평가하였을 때, 설문조사법에 의한 총 일일추정섭취량은 소르빈산염류의 경우 0.39 ㎎/㎏ bw/day로 실제 분석치를 이용한 정밀조사방법에 의한 값인 0.22㎎/㎏ bw/day보다 높았으나 최대허용량을 이용한 방법에 의한 값인 1.39 ㎎/㎏ bw/day보다는 훨씬 낮았다. 또한 안식향산염류와 파라옥시안식향산에스테르의 경우도 설문조사가 0.29㎎/㎏ bw/day, 0.03㎎/㎏ bw/day으로 정밀추정방법보다는 높게 나타났으나 단순추정방법인 최대허용량을 이용한 방법보다는 훨씬 낮은 값으로 정밀추정방법에 의한 값에 가까운 결과를 보였다. 따라서 설문조사법을 간편하고 경제적이면서 섭취량을 정밀하게 추정할 수 있는 식품첨가물 섭취량 평가의 방법으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

A study has been performed to estimate the average and high (90th percentile of consumers-only) daily intakes of sorbates by age-sex groups (＞ 3 years old) in Korea. The estimation of daily intakes was based on individual-based dietary intake data in `National Health and Nutrition Survey in 1998' and the contents of sorbates from samples. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) of sorbates for average consumers ranged from 0.09 mg/kg bw/day to 0.51 mg/kg bw/day corresponding to 0.4-2.1% of acceptable daily intake (ADI). For high consumers, the range of EDI of sorbates was 3.42-14.65 mg/kg bw/day corresponding to 13.7-58.6% of ADI. Foods that contributed most to the daily intakes of sorbates for all age-sex groups were processed fish products, processed meat products, and salted foods. There was an inverse relationship between age and the consumption of sorbates for average and high consumers, whereas no marked pattern was emerged by sex categories. The intake levels of sorbates even among high consumers were below the ADI in Korea.

A study has been carried out to estimate the average daily intakes of sorbates, benzoates, and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid commonly used in Korea. The estimation of daily intakes was based on individual dietary intakes in $quot;National Health and Nutrition Survey in 1998$quot; and the the contents of preservatives from 264 samples. Estimated daily intakes(EDI) of sorbates, benzoates, esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid were 0.22, 0.015, and 0.004 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. When assuming the standard body weight of 55 kg for Korean, ratios to acceptable daily intake(ADI) of sorbates, benzoates, and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid were 0.88, 0.30, and 0.04%, respectively.

The analysis of hazardous heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd and As, was conducted from the porcelain dinnerwares. Total 374 samples of those products in the domestic market were purchased for the study. All the samples were extracted by 4% acetic acid solution, followed by the analysis with AAS(Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy). As a result, Pb and As were detected maximum 8.63 ㎍/ml, 2.58 ㎍/ml, respectively. Cd was found in a sample as 0.10 ㎍/ml.

Daily intakes of 14 preservatives were evaluated by using their maximum permitted levels(MPL) and national food disappearance data in 1998. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of each preservatives were compared with corresponding acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). EDIs of dehydroacetic acid, sodium dehydroacetate, p-hydrobenzoic acid ester, propionic acid, sodium propionate and calcium propionate were leas than 2% of ADI and judged to be safe. However, EDI of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate were 76.61 mg/person/day and it reached 5% of its ADI. EDI of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate were 85.65 mg/person/day and it reached 31% of its ADI. The highest intake of benzoic acid came from carbonated drink.

The Budget method used currently in Codex for estimation of use levels of food additives was investigated and the specific approach that can be applicable for Koreans has been proposed. Theoretical maximum daily intakes(TMDIs) of benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoic acid ester, butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), t-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ), nitrite, nitrate, sorbate, and sulfite were estimated and compared with corresponding acceptable daily intakes(ADIs). Additives requiring further precise evaluation were screened. TMDIs of benzoate, BHA, BHT, TBHQ, nitrite, and sulfite exceeded ADIs. On the other hand, it appeared that TMDIs of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, nitrate, and sorbate were below ADIs. It is expected that the Budget method may be used as one approach for the estimation of use level and risk assessment.

An attempt was made to determine the residual distribution of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in the various kinds of Korean tea which were purchased from the market. The organochlorine pesticides investigated in this study were BHC, DDT and dicofol and the organophosphorus pesticides were diazinon, EPN, fenitrothion and parathion. The pesticide residues were determined by GC-ECD and NPD. Only BHC was detected in all the samples and it's level were ranged from 0.00064 ppm to 0.05995 ppm and it's average was 0.00682 ppm and DDT, dicofol and organophosphorus pesticides were not detected in all samples. The organophophorus pesticides were detected(0.0035-0.0983 ppm) in raw materials but were not in the manufactured material and it is considered that the largely components of the pesticides is removed by drying and high temperature while the tea was manufactured. The recovery tests of the pesticides gave satisfactory results showing an average yield of 97.6% with organochlorine pesticides and 92.5% with organophosphorus pesticides and the detection limits level were 0.00008 ppm to 0.0010 ppm.

This study was carried out to determine the pesticide residues in rice bran, crude rice bran oil and the oil of various stages of refining process. Each samples were analyzed for 41 pesticide residues by multiclass multiresidue methods with GC-ECD, NPD and identified by GC-MSD. Rice bran were detected cypermethrin, diazinon, dichlofluanid, and its level were ranged from 0.01-0.122 ppm. Crude rice bran oil were detected cypermethrin, diazinon, dichlofluanid, dimethoate, etrimfos, flucythrinate, and its level were ranged from 0.015-0.654 ppm. Crude rice bran oil has the higher level of pesticide residues and more varieties of pesticides than rice bran. But pesticide residues in the crude rice bran oil was found to be almost removed when pigment was decolorized by absorption using active carbon and clealy removed by thermolysis for deodorization.

Bacillus genus are found abundantly in various sites and their secondary metabolites were used as potential agents in agriculture, notably plant growth promoting and bio-control. The objective of this study was to develop the culture conditions of GH1-13 strain including higher cell growth, stable endospore-forming and enhancement of potential agents which are related with plant growth promoting and phytopathogen suppression. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were determined by glucose and soy bean flour, respectively, then resulted in 7.5×109 cells/mL, 6.8×109 endospore cells/mL and sporulation yield of 90% after 30 h cultivation in 500 L submerged fermenter at 37℃, pH 7.0. Cells and cell-free supernatant of GH1-13 strains showed the potent antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. It was also confirmed that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production of GH1-13 strain was greatly increased by addition of 0.3% tryptophan.

본 연구를 통해 논, 시설재배 밭 토양, 쓰레기장, 하천 및 호수의 퇴적 토양 등 22개소에 서 분리한 총 6종의 광합성세균 중 호기 ․암 배양이 가능한 Rhodobacter sphaeroides PS-24 를 분리하였다. 형태학적 특징으로는 그람음성의 막대모양으로, 운동성이 있었다. 분리균주 의 16S rRNA 염기서열을 분석한 결과 Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATH2.4.1과 99%의 상동성을 나타내었으며, 본 연구에서 Rhodobacter spharoides PS-24로 명명하여 연구를 수행하였다. 선별균주를 modifed Van niel's yeast 배지에서 배양 후 생성된 carotenoid를 추출한 결과 12.03±0.15 mg/L의 함량이 측정되었으며, 반응표면분석법 중 Plackett burman 분석방법과 Box-Behnken 분석방법을 통해 carotenoid 생산에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하고 농도를 최 적화하였다. 분석결과 각각의 독립변수 yeast extract –0.4144 (1.23 g/L), Na2CO3 0.8541 (3.71 g/L)와 MgSO4 1.00 (1.00 g/L)의 농도를 선정하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 배지 조성을 최적화 한 결과 yeast extract 1.23 g, sodium acetate 1 g, NH4Cl 1.75 g, NaCl 2.5 g, K2HPO4 2 g, MgSO4 1.0 g, mono-sodium glutamate 7.5 g, Na2CO3 3.71 g, NH4Cl 3.5 g, CaCl2 0.01 g/ liter로 선정하였다. 최적배지를 대상으로 5 L, 50 L, 500 L scale-up을 진행한 결과 최종 carotenoid 는 각각 17.98 mg/L, 18.03 mg/L, 18.11 mg/L로 조사되었다. 최적배지의 경우 modified Van niel's yeast 배지보다 약 1.5배 많은 carotenoid를 생산하였으며, 대량배양을 통한 scale-up 과 정 시 carotenoid의 생산량은 크게 변화하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 바 탕으로 산업적으로 다양하게 사용되고 있는 carotenoid를 생산하는 광합성세균 Rhodobacter spharoides PS-24를 개발하였으며, 본 연구를 바탕으로 유기농축산에 사용이 가능한 기능성 미생물제제를 개발하고자 한다.