In this study, SMG(Smart Material with Grease) was developed, which was improved the precipitation minute particle in grease during long term standstill. Also, small-sized cylinder damper equipped with an electromagnet in a piston was developed for using a performance evaluation of the damper with SMG and the dynamic load test, and damping force using Power model and Bingham model was derived in order to compare to the result of that of the damper. The data obtained from the dynamic load test were analyzed and plotted, and then a dynamic range was calculated to evaluate the usability of the damper with SMG. The performance of the damper with SMG was compared to the damping forse derived from the Power and Bingham model. The result of this evaluation shown that the usability of SMG damper was demonstrated by this test as a semi-active controlling equipment of small-sized damper.

This research focuses on developing the Smart material with Grease adopted as a base oil to overcome a particle deposition caused by the MR fluid consisting of a silicon, which maximizing the characteristics and advantage of the MR fluid. By adopting the SMG fluid to a shear damper, this paper aimed to evaluate the control performance of it according to the variation of intensity of electric current(0 A, 0.5 A, 1.0 A, 1.5 A, 2.0 A, 2.5 A) and frequency(0.5 Hz, 1 Hz, 2 Hz). Subsequently, the usability of the SMG damper was analyzed by comparing the dynamic model of it to that of the other types of dampers(Power(Involution) Model, Bingham Model). As a result, DR, the performance indicator of semi-active damper, shows approximately 5 in a condition of 2 Hz. Also while confirming the excellent performance like the Power and the Bingham model, it raises the possibility to exploit it as the semi-active damper.

The present study analyzes the flexure behavior of the circular CFT member through experiment and numerical analysis. Through comparison between experimental and numerical results, whether or not the member was a full composite have little effect on the behavior. There circular CFT’s flexure behavior when considering pure moment is almost similar regardless of the interface characteristics between the steel and concrete. This is because there is no difference in the neutral axis of the full-composite and non-composite circular CFT member.

Two types of connection between the abutment and CFT pile were proposed for the sub-structure of the integral abutment bridge. One was a bolt connection (Type-A) and the other was a hook connection (Type-B). To analyze the performance of connection Type-A and Type-B, a quasi-static experiment was carried out. According to experimental results, the destruction occurred at the connection point and so both type A and type B need to have a reinforced design as the link between the abutment and CFT pile. However, when the load resistance performance and energy dissipation capacity was analyzed, the performance of connection Type-B was superior to the performance of connection Type-A.

In this study, a quasi-static experiment was conducted on the connection performance between the integral abutment bridge and CFT pile. Six experiment specimen were manufactured and were divided into type A and type B. Experiment specimens of Type A were connected with bolts and experiment specimens of Type B were connected with hooks. In the experiment results the connection performance of Type B showed excellent performance more than that of Type A.

In this study, we study the behavior of CFT subjected to pure bending moment considering the interface character between the materials. We assume that the interface between the materials has 2 cases, one is full-composite the other is non-composite. Through the analysis of the FEM results, we find that CFT’s flexure behavior is unique compared to other composite structures. There is almost similar CFT’s flexure behavior in the pure moment regardless of interface character between steel and concrete. This is because there is no difference in the neutral axis of the full-composite and non-composite in the CFT scetion.

Compare to straight girders, horizontally curved girder shows complicate behaviors because the bending moments and torsional moments are always acting simultaneously. Because of non-uniform torsion, one edge of compression flange is yielded faster than the other edge due to combined vertical and lateral moments. Hence, the strength of cross section need to be investigated with the effect of initial curvature. The design specifications, however, does not consider the curvature effect. In this study, as a basic research, the parametric studies are performed to understand the flange local buckling behaviors of horizontally curved girders.

It is same such as the provision of shear buckling strength of steel composite box girder web panel and plate girder web panel in Korea Highway Bridge Design Standards(2012). But the web panel of steel composite box girder is different from the web of plate girder in that the upper slab and lower flange are connected to the web. So a different shear behavior of the girders is expected. In this study, To calculate a reasonable elastic shear buckling strength of steel composite box girder web panel, ABAQUS program was used. The results from F.E.A and previous studies are compared.

It is same such as the provision of shear buckling strength of steel composite box girder web panel and plate girder web panel in Korea Highway Bridge Design Standards(2012). But the web panel of steel composite box girder is different from the web of plate girder in that the upper slab and lower flange are connected to the web. So a different shear behavior of the girders is expected. In this study, To calculate a reasonable elastic shear buckling strength of steel composite box girder web panel, ABAQUS program was used. The results from F.E.A and previous studies are compared. It is shown that the web shear buckling strength of steel composite box girder of Korea Highway Bridge Design Standards(2012) is the most conservative.

This study investigates web shear buckling behavior of composite box girder according to the aspect ratio. The nonlinear finite element analyses on composite box girder model having shell elements and solid elements were performed. Also, the steel was modeled as an elasto-plastic material. Ultimate web shear buckling behavior of composite box girder was analyzed, and were compared the inelastic analysis results with shear buckling behavior of plate.

If the MR fluid damper does not work, the magnetic powder (carbonyl iron powder) will sediment. To overcome this problem, we developed an EMR (Enhanced Magneto Rheological Fluid) fluid and evaluated control performance. For the dynamic load test using MR fluid and EMR fluid was conducted to evaluate control power and DR (Dynamic Range). In the damper performance test, the current was tested at intervals of 0.5A from 0.0A to 2.5A, and the control power of the EMR fluid was 84% compared to the control power of the MR fluid, The DR of the EMR Damper was 7.5. When the DR is 5.0 or higher, it is generally used as a semi-active control device. Therefore, the EMR fluid has proved its usability as a semi-active control device by showing 7.5 DR to 76% control performance of existing MR damper.

Bacillus genus are found abundantly in various sites and their secondary metabolites were used as potential agents in agriculture, notably plant growth promoting and bio-control. The objective of this study was to develop the culture conditions of GH1-13 strain including higher cell growth, stable endospore-forming and enhancement of potential agents which are related with plant growth promoting and phytopathogen suppression. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were determined by glucose and soy bean flour, respectively, then resulted in 7.5×109 cells/mL, 6.8×109 endospore cells/mL and sporulation yield of 90% after 30 h cultivation in 500 L submerged fermenter at 37℃, pH 7.0. Cells and cell-free supernatant of GH1-13 strains showed the potent antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. It was also confirmed that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production of GH1-13 strain was greatly increased by addition of 0.3% tryptophan.

In this study, the SMG fluid was developed for compensating the defect of the MR Fluid that is commonly used in Semi-active control system. And the damper with SMG fluid have been developed for practical application. The dynamic load test was conducted to evaluate the control performance of the SMG damper at 0.5Hz and 1Hz frequency conditions and 0A and 0.5A current conditions. As a result, the remarkable performance of the SMG damper was verified.

In this study, to evaluate the applicability of VDMS(Vision-based Displacement Measurement System) in the field, 30m of real specimens were measured vertical displacement using the VDMS and a displacement Transducer. The VDMS was to take a picture by attaching Target on the structure. Then, by analyzing the video in Digital Image correlation algorithm obtained a displacement of the structure. The vertical displacement of 30m real specimens using the VDMS and a displacement Transducer was very similar, and it is determined that the VDMS has a high applicability in the field.

The microbial composition in Nuruk, a Korean cereal fermentation starter, is a critical factor for the quality and organoleptic properties of traditional alcoholic beverages. This study was aimed at monitoring the compositional change and enzyme activity of culturable lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in two types of Nuruk fermented at different temperatures. All culturable LAB were isolated at various time points (0, 3, 6, 10, 20, and 30 days) and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. In traditional Nuruk type A (TN-A), which was fermented at 36℃, the population of total culturable LAB during the fermentation period was between 104 and 105 log CFU/mL. On the other hand, the LAB population in traditional Nuruk type B (TN-B) fermented at 45℃ (primary fermentation for 10 days) and 35℃ (secondary fermentation for 20 days) was 102 log CFU/mL; however, these bacteria could not be detected after 6 days. Major LAB strains were identified in both Nuruk types: (1) from the MRS-culture of TN-A, Pediococcus pentosaceus at 3-30 days; (2) from MRS-culture of TN-B, P. pentosaceus at 3 days and Enterococcus hirae at 6 days. The protease activities of the dominant LAB isolated from the TN-A and TN-B cultures were within the ranges of 0.64~1.03 mg/mL and 0.74~0.81 mg/mL (tyrosine content), respectively, whereas the α-amylase activities were 0.75~0.98 mg/mL and 0.78~0.79 mg/mL (amylose content), respectively.

강합성 박스거더는 박스거더를 교량 주형으로 하는 강교량의 한 형식으로서, 휨 강성과 비틀림 강성이 뛰어난 강교량이다. 박스거더 설계는 강교량의 합리적 설계를 통하여, 안정성과 경제성을 추구하고 있다. 합리적 설계란 후판 및 고강도 강판을 사용하여 부재의 수를 줄이며, 설계 상세를 단순화한 교량 설계를 의미한다. 합리적 설계는 고성능강재의 사용, 부부재 최소화 등을 목표로 경제적이며 구조적으로 안전한 강합성 박스거더 설계를 한다. 이 중, 부부재의 최적설계를 위해서는 강합성 박스거더의 정확한 단면강도가 산정되어야 하지만, 도로교 설계기준(2012)에 제시되어 있는 박스거더 전단강도 산정식은 플레이트거더 전단강도과 동일한 식을 적용하도록 제시되어 있다. 이는 강합성 박스거더 복부판의 전단강도는 합성으로 인한 상부플랜지의 강성의 증가와 두 개의 복부판이 연결된 하부플랜지에 의한 복부판의 전단강도 증가를 고려하지 않고 있어 보수적인 전단강도 산정식을 제시하고 있다. 탄성전단좌굴강도에 대한 연구로는 Timoskenko와 Gere(1961)가 판의 전단좌굴강도 식을 유도하였으며, Galambos (1988)는 판의 경계조건에 따른 탄성전단좌굴계수 연구를 하였으며, Lee 등 (1996)은 플레이트 거더에서 상·하 플랜지의 영향을 고려한 탄성전단좌굴강도를 산정하는 연구를 수행하였다. 박스 거더의 연구는 합성전 박스 거더를 전단좌굴 실험을 하여, 플레이트 거더의 전단강도 보다 증가된 전단강도 실험연구가 있지만(Lee et al., 2003), 합성 후 강합성 박스거더의 복부판 전단강도에 대한 연구는 없었다.본 연구에서는 수치해석을 통하여 지지조건에 따른 강합성 박스거더 복부판의 탄성전단좌굴강도를 검토하였다. 도로교 설계 기준(2012) 및 AASHTO(2012)에 제시된 강합성 박스 거더 복부판의 전단강도산정식과 , Galambos (1988) 및 Lee 등 (1996)의 연구된 식들과 비교를 통하여 강합성 박스 거더 복부판의 전단강도를 비교-분석을 수행하였으며, 이를 통하여 강합성 박스 거더 복부판은 플랜지의 지지강성의 변화에 따라 탄성전단좌굴계수가 변화함을 알 수 있었다.

교량의 장경간화에 따라 큰 모멘트가 작용하는 부모멘트 구간에 트러스를 배치하고 상대적으로 적은 모멘트가 발생하는 정모멘트 구간에는 강박스 구조를 활용한 강박스-트러스 하이브리드 교량의 곡선교 적용성 및 활용 가능성을 평가하여 보았다.본 연구에서는 다양한 곡률을 가지는 강박스-트러스 하이브리드 교량의 트러스 구간의 트러스 형식 변화에 따른 전체적 교량의 구조적 거동을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 직선교량과 곡선교량의 거동 차이성 및 곡선교 적용 시 보다 안전한 트러스 형식을 평가하는데 큰 도움이 될 것이다.

In this study, the seismic performance of weak-axis column-tree moment resisting frame was experimentally investigated using RBS conception. As a result, two specimens were showed that enough energy dissipation and plastic rotation capacity. But bolt-slip didn’t happen anymore after story drift ratio of 3%.

Wind Turbine Tower takes about 26.3% of overall wind turbine cost. So tower shell design is very important part. When designing tower eigenfrequency, strength analysis, fatigue strength analysis, buckling analysis and flange connection analysis have to considered. This paper contains procedure of tower analysis and compare ABAQUS result with design specification