Long-span marine bridges are generally designed as long-span bridges in order to secure the running route of the ship and reduce the cost and time of the bridge pier construction. In long-span bridges, the range of load resistance transmitted by the superstructure and cable is determined by the mast and foundation. In the other words, the range of designable span length would be determined by the mast and foundation condition. The floating bridge is a type in which the superstructure is supported by the force of buoyancy without the pier mounted on the seabed so that the buoyancy of the floating bridge is balanced by the dead load and buoyancy of the structure. As a technique to overcome the weakness of existing long span bridges, it is possible to consider the type of cable supported bridges with floating tower. In this study, according to the tendon arrangement and initial tension distribution, the static global performance of the long-span bridges with floating tower were evaluated.

Wind tower structure has relatively simple shape compared to other structures, but due to its characteristics, various and irregular environmental loads are applied. These loads cause vibrations at tower, and can cause failure of the structure if over vibration occurs. Vibration occurred at structures is gradually exhausted by damping of the structures, and if high damping is ensured, the failure of the structure due to over vibration can be prevented. In this study, the vibration reduction effects are to be analyzed through FEM analysis by examining the top displacement, bottom moment, and bottom fatigue damage of the structure depending on damping ratio of the wind tower structure.

Recently, wind power has received attention as one of remarkable renewable energy resources, and worldwide researches about wind power are actively being proceeded. Wind turbine tower has a major role for safety in the wind turbine systems. It is necessary for design tower structure to consider various environmental conditions. Earthquake, as one of the such environmental loads, is ground motion that applied to bottom of the tower structure and has a possibility of critical effect to the wind tower structure. There are various ways for seismic analysis, but design specifications that are in use do not suggest detailed method for seismic analysis. In this study, seismic responses are analyzed through different ways and the adequacy of seismic design methods is examined.

Wind turbine tower has a very important role in wind turbine system as one of the renewable energy that has been attracting attention worldwide recently. Due to the growth of wind power market, advance and development of offshore wind system and getting huger capacity is inevitable. As a result, the vibration is generated at wind turbine tower by receiving constantly dynamic loads such as wind load and wave load. Among these dynamic loads, the mechanical load caused by the rotation of the blade is able to make relatively periodic load to the wind turbine tower. So natural frequency of the wind turbine tower should be designed to avoid the rotation frequency of the rotor according to the design criteria to avoid resonance. Currently research of the wind turbine tower, the precise research does not be carried out because of simplifying the structure of the other upper and lower. In this study, the effect of blade modeling differences are to be analyzed in natural frequency of wind turbine tower.

Natural frequency characteristic of Wind turbine tower is important for designing of tower due to guarantee of structural safety of tower. In GL specification, natural frequency of tower should be designed by consideration of blade rotational frequency. Natural frequency characteristic of tower could be changed by mass ratio of RNA-tower, modeling method of blade and angle of blade in idling condition. In this research, natural frequency of tower is analysed by ABAQUS and compared it result according to tower dimension.

We studi ed the difTerential elTect of vitamins A, C, U. and E on normal human 이 al keratinocyte(NHOK) , HPV-16 E6E7 immor talized human oral keratinocyte(1HOK) , Oncogene transfected HPV-16 immortalized ce1ls(OTOK) , and two ol'al sq ua mous cell line(HNSCC30‘ HNSCC31) according to carcinogenesis stage. The vitamin effect was evaluated by morphology. ce ll viabi lity. a nd orgnaotypic culture Vitamin A has a greater negative effect on growth for all NHOK IHOK HNSCC. es pec ially N-Ras t rans fected IHOK, Vitamin D & E revealed no significant cell activity on NHOK lHOK, ad OTOK Vitamin C was found increased cell viability to IHOK and OTOK 1n primary oral squmaous cell ca rcino ma (HN30 ). vitam in 0 and C showing increased cell growth , but vitamin E showing no effect 1n metastatic oral squamous cell ca rcinoma(HN31), vitamin C has prol iferative effect , but vitamin 0 & E has anti-proliferative effect Vitamin A t reated normal a nd ma lignant ce1ls by organotypic cu lt ure. showed reduction of epithelial layer and in vasion to connective tissue. , especia lly in 1HOK & oncogene-transfected 1HOK, 1n conclusion. three-dimensional culture sys tem may be useful as a model to acess the efficiency of agents such as a1l trans retinoic acid can preventing progression of these premaligant lesion to maligant oral carcinoma(ch emopreventive agent) .

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the method decreasing debinding time as well as lowering operation condition than pure supercritical debinding by using cosolvent or binary mixture of propane + . First method is to add cosolvent, such as n-hexane, DCM, methanol, 1-butanol, in supercritical . In case of adding cosolvent, we were found the addition of non-polar cosolvent (n-hexane) improves dramatically the binder removal rate (more than 2 times) compared with pure supercritical debinding, second method is to use mixture of supercritical propane + , as solvent. In case of using mixture of supercritical propane + , the rate of debinding speeded up with increasing of pressure and concentration of propane at 348.15 K. It was found that addition of cosolvent (e.g., n-hexane, DCM) and binary mixture propane + for supercritical solvent remarkably improved binder removal rate for the paraffin wax-based binder system, in comparison with using pure supercritical .

The conventional debinding process in metal injection molding is very long time-consuming and unfriendly environmental method. Especially, in such a case of injection molded parts from hard and fine metal powder, such as WC-Co, an extremely long period of time is necessary in the conventional slow binder removal process. On the other hand, supercritical debinding is thought to be the effective method which is appropriate to eliminate the aforementioned inconvenience in the prior art. The supercritical fluid has high diffusivity and density, it can penetrate quickly into the inside of the green metal bodies, and extract the binder. In this paper, super-critical debinding is compared with wicking debinding process. Wax-based binder system is used in this study. The binder removal rate in supercritical have been measured at , 75 in the pressure range from 20 MPa to 28 MPa. Pores and cracks in silver bodies after sintering were observed using SEM When the super-critical debinding was carried out at 75, almost all the wax (about 70 wt% of binder) was removed in 2 hours under 28 MPa and 2.5 hours under 25 MPa.

It was tested the possibility that EPA and DHA could be separated from fish oil fatty acid ethyl ester(FAEE) in the supercritical carbon dioxide rectification method. Experiments were carried out in the 1800mm tall and temperature gradient packed rectification column at the pressure of 100bar and carbon dioxide flow rate of 52.43NL/min. Experimental results showed that this method was useful to separate the FAEE by the relative volatility of the components. The maximum attainable concentration of EPA, DHA and both of them in product were 41%, 43% and 57% respectively in this rectification column using raw fish oil feed.

Separation of EPA and DHA from fish oil fatty acid ethyl ester (FAFE) by urea adductive crystallization method was carried out in the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) as a solvent. Our results showed that SC CO2 is a good candidate as a solvent in the urea adductive crystallization to separate FAFE by the number of unsaturated bonds. Compared to the separation process using methanol. SC CO2 yielded better performance in the overall selectivity of EPA and DHA. The effect of process variables on separation of EPA and DHA was discussed in detailed. A hybrid technology of SC CO2 fractionation and urea adductive crystallization with SC CO2 was conformed as a viable process to separate and concentrate EPA and DHA from fish oil.

신재생 에너지에 대한 세계적인 관심이 증대됨에 따라 풍력발전시장의 성장 및 대형화 또한 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으며 이에 대한 구조적 특성 분석 및 해석에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 풍력발전타워의 형식 가운데 가장 많이 이용되고 있는 원형 강관타워는 여타 토목구조물에 비해 상대적으로 간단한 모델로 구성되지만 구조물의 특성 상 불규칙적인 동적하중이 지속적으로 작용하며 이에 대해 적절한 동적 거동 분석이 필요하다. 구조물의 해석에 있어 정밀한 해석모델을 이용한 해석은 간단한 모델의 그것에 비해 정밀한 결과를 보일 수 있지만 상대적으로 많은 노력과 시간을 요구한다. 효율적인 구조해석을 위해 해석에 사용되는 모델은 가능한 한 간단해야 하지만 구조물의 특성을 반영하지 못 할 정도로 지나치게 간소화해서는 안 된다. 원형 강관 풍력발전타워에 대한 구조해석은 쉘 요소 및 보 요소를 통해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있으며 보 요소 모델에 대한 해석의 편의성을 이용한 해석 시 Tapered 쉘 요소를 주로 Stepped-Beam으로 묘사하여 해석에 이용한다. 본 연구에서는 원형 강관 풍력발전타워의 모델링 방법에 따른 동적 거동을 분석하고 간소화 모델에 대한 구조물의 특성 반영정도를 검토하였다.

교량의 장경간화에 따라 큰 모멘트가 작용하는 부모멘트 구간에 트러스를 배치하고 상대적으로 적은 모멘트가 발생하는 정모멘트 구간에는 강박스 구조를 활용한 강박스-트러스 하이브리드 교량의 곡선교 적용성 및 활용 가능성을 평가하여 보았다.본 연구에서는 다양한 곡률을 가지는 강박스-트러스 하이브리드 교량의 트러스 구간의 트러스 형식 변화에 따른 전체적 교량의 구조적 거동을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 직선교량과 곡선교량의 거동 차이성 및 곡선교 적용 시 보다 안전한 트러스 형식을 평가하는데 큰 도움이 될 것이다.

Curved girders show very complex behavior compare to straight girders because the torsional moments always act on the structure even if there are no additional loads except self-weight. For this reason, engineers need to consider torsional behavior when design or analyse structure. However, most of curved bridges are designed as a series of straight girders because design specification does not reflect the curved beam theory. In this paper, curved girders are analysed by FEA program and the results are compared with the results of straight girders. Selecting the radius of curvature as a parameter, suitable analysis method for design of horizontally curved girder was suggested.