Due to seismically deficient details, existing reinforced concrete structures have low lateral resistance capacities. Since these building structures suffer an increase in axial loads to the main structural element due to the green retrofit (e.g., energy equipment/device, roof garden) for CO2 reduction and vertical extension, building capacities are reduced. This paper proposes a machine-learning-based methodology for allowable ranges of axial loading ratio to reinforced concrete columns using simple structural details. The methodology consists of a two-step procedure: (1) a machine-learning-based failure detection model and (2) column damage limits proposed by previous researchers. To demonstrate this proposed method, the existing building structure built in the 1990s was selected, and the allowable range for the target structure was computed for exterior and interior columns.

Existing reinforced concrete (RC) building frames constructed before the seismic design was applied have seismically deficient structural details, and buildings with such structural details show brittle behavior that is destroyed early due to low shear performance. Various reinforcement systems, such as fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) jacketing systems, are being studied to reinforce the seismically deficient RC frames. Due to the step-by-step modeling and interpretation process, existing seismic performance assessment and reinforcement design of buildings consume an enormous amount of workforce and time. Various machine learning (ML) models were developed using input and output datasets for seismic loads and reinforcement details built through the finite element (FE) model developed in previous studies to overcome these shortcomings. To assess the performance of the seismic performance prediction models developed in this study, the mean squared error (MSE), R-square (R2), and residual of each model were compared. Overall, the applied ML was found to rapidly and effectively predict the seismic performance of buildings according to changes in load and reinforcement details without overfitting. In addition, the best-fit model for each seismic performance class was selected by analyzing the performance by class of the ML models.

Existing reinforced concrete buildings with seismically deficient column details affect the overall behavior depending on the failure type of column. This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning-based prediction model for the column failure modes (shear, flexure-shear, and flexure failure modes). For this purpose, artificial neural network (ANN), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) models were used, considering previously collected experimental data. Using four machine learning methodologies, we developed a classification learning model that can predict the column failure modes in terms of the input variables using concrete compressive strength, steel yield strength, axial load ratio, height-to-dept aspect ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and transverse reinforcement ratio. The performance of each machine learning model was compared and verified by calculating accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score, and ROC. Based on the performance measurements of the classification model, the RF model represents the highest average value of the classification model performance measurements among the considered learning methods, and it can conservatively predict the shear failure mode. Thus, the RF model can rapidly predict the column failure modes with simple column details.

Existing reinforced concrete buildings with seismically deficient details have premature failure under earthquake loads. The fiber-reinforced polymer column jacket enhances the lateral resisting capacities with additional confining pressures. This paper aims to quantify the retrofit effect varying the confinement and stiffness-related parameters under three earthquake scenarios and establish the retrofit strategy. The retrofit effects were estimated by comparing energy demands between non-retrofitted and retrofitted conditions. The retrofit design parameters are determined considering seismic hazard levels to maximize the retrofit effects. The critical parameters of the retrofit system were determined by the confinement-related parameters at moderate and high seismic levels and the stiffness-related parameters at low seismic levels.

An experimental study was conducted to examine for the structural behavior of coupled steel plate shear wall (Coupled SPSW) system what is formed by connection the two steel plate shear walls (SPSW) with a coupling beam. The variable of this study was the length of coupling beam. The testing results were showed that the strength and stiffness of specimen with shorter coupling beam were improved than those of other specimen. However there is no difference of the yielding mechanism.

This paper was conducted to evaluate structural performance of modular system connection with bracket. It was evaluated to two external connection specimens and two internal connection specimens. As a result of experiment, excessive shear deformation of the bracket was observed in all of the specimens. However, all of the specimens satisfied the requirement for intermediate moment frames (IMF) targeted in the experiment.

In this paper, structural behavior of internal and external connection of modular system was evaluated by finite element analysis(FEA). As a result of FEA, results of experiment and analysis were nearly similar to validate analysis model. Parametric analysis will be necessary using this valid analysis model

The purpose of this study was to experimentally evaluate seismic performance of connection of modular system. As a result of experiment study, two specimens did not show the strength reduction and brittle fracture at connection until 2% story drift. Thus, requirements for intermediate moment frame(IMF) was satisfied in two specimens.

The purpose of this study was to improve the buckling strength of steel plate shear wall system. The variable of this study was arrangement and aspect ratio of steel plate. The arrangement of continuity and both sides were compared. And the aspect ratio 1.3 and 0.8 were compared. As a result, there was no significant difference between the arrangement of continuity and both sides, and it was observed that there was no significant difference of behavior when the aspect ratio was decreased.

본 연구에서는 역V형 강재 가새로 보강된 기존 철근콘크리트 구조물의 내진보강 설계방법 개발을 위한 실험연구를 수행하였다. 보강되지 않은 철근콘크리트 골조 기준 실험체와 강재 가새를 사용하여 강도 및 강성을 향상시킨 보강 실험체를 제작하고 내진성능을 평가하였다. 가새 보강 실험체의 경우 강성이 약 2~3배 증가를 목표로 설계하였다. 내진성능평가 결과, 무보강 실험체는 기둥에서 많은 양의 콘크리트가 박리가 되었고, 가새 보강 실험체는 초기 설계 단계에서 목표로 한 성능수준을 보여주었다. 가새를 보강한 실험체의 경우, 무보강 실험체에 비 하여 강성, 강도, 연성능력 그리고 에너지 소산 능력이 크게 향상되었다. 따라서 본 연구로부터의 실험결과를 토대로 기존 철근콘크리트 건축 물의 가새 보강공법에 관한 설계법 및 설계절차 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.

In this study, experiment and analysis of high-strength bolt connection under shear fatigue loading was conducted to evaluate reduction of axial force of bolt. Three type of bolt size and initial axial force were applied to specimens. As a results, it was observed that the reduction ratio of axial force, and that would be used to additional parametric study.

In this study, experiment and analysis of high-strength bolt connection under shear fatigue loading was conducted to evaluate reduction of axial force of bolt. Three type of bolt size and initial axial force were applied to specimens. As a results, it was observed that the reduction ratio of axial force, and that would be used to additional parametric study.

In this paper, the finite element analysis of RC frame with concrete compressive material models proposed by many researches were conducted. As a results of FEA, the concrete model suggested by Saenz was compatible than other concrete models from the perspective of initial stiffness and maximum strength.

In this paper, seismic performance of RC frames reinforced by chevron braces were evaluated. The purpose of experimental study was to increase the stiffness of RC frames. As a results, if steel bracing was reinforced in RC frames, seismic performance of RC frames would be increased.

High-strength bolt has high stiffness and fatigue strength. At this time, initial axial force is one of main factor to affect the strength and deformation behavior of connection. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate reduction of initial axial force in high-strength bolt under shear fatigue.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the reduction of clamping force of TS (torque shear) bolted connection under fatigue loading. Generally, TS bolt has been totally tightened by torque shear wrench. However the plant structures experienced various fatigue loadings that makes reduction of clamping force of TS bolt. Therefore, this study conducted to the fatigue load test.

The purpose of this study was to investigate deformation and reduction of initial clamping force in slip critical type connection under fatigue loading. And, the parameters of this study were the different clamping force and friction coefficient of surface of plate. As a result, the clamping force of all specimens were generally decreased in comparison with initial values under fatigue loading.

Some researchers suggested that bolt slippage occurred in column-tree connection type. In this paper, bolt slippage was evaluated on different depth of beam. When the length of beam set 7,500 mm equally, three depth of beams was 600, 500, 400mm, respectively. Also, column size of all specimens was same, and panel zones was strongly reinforced to evaluate bolt slippage in beams. As a result of full-scale testing, the bolt slippage of all specimens was occurred within plastic rotation ± 2.0%. It was showed that the effect of bolt slippage on depth of beam was slight.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of domestic and foreign steel plate shear wall (SPSW) systems. The investigated countries were three, such as Korea, Canada, and U.S. The full scale or scale down specimens were preponderantly investigated. The details and performances of all specimens were compared for each other.

This paper presented to study used Abaqus on steel plate bonded reinforcement technology for column to beam connections, and then the result showed that steel plate bonded reinforcement technology has great reinforcement effect for RC column to beam joint. Also the steel plate bonded reinforcement technology was safety and convenient operation.