Given the rise in international tourism and the rapid growth of the Vietnamese economy, the hospitality industry in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam’s commercial hub, has been facing severe labor shortages due to competition with other fast-growing parts of the economy. These struggles to acquire high-quality employees is strangling future growth and placing new importance on the role of recruitment. To better understand the effectiveness of an organization’s recruitment strategy, recruiters need to ascertain the Job Pursuit Intention (JPI) of job seekers to efficiently align an applicant’s work notions with the organization’s goals. This study aims to investigate the factors impacting on JPI among employees working in the hotel sector in Ho Chi Minh City. Secondary data are from previous studies and primary data are from consultation with 10 experts, group discussions and five in-depths structured interviews with 15 random employees and 302 survey questionnaires with employees working in three five-star hotels. Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA, T-Test, ANOVA are used for statistical analysis. The findings show that compensation, career advancement, and work-life balance affect JPI of job seekers, in which compensation is the most influential factor. Furthermore, recommendations for recruiters, further research and limitations of this study have been laid out.

This study investigates the factors affecting Industry 4.0 adoption in the curriculum of university students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Universities need to respond to the changing faces of Industry 4.0 and, hence, Education 4.0. A mixed method including both qualitative and quantitative methodologies was utilized. An in-depth interview was carried out for exploring, reviewing, and testing content validity of constructs and measurement items. The pilot study was conducted with 120 respondents. The conceptual model and hypotheses were developed using data collected by a questionnaire survey distributed to 584 respondents by both electronic and paper forms with nonprobability and convenience sampling techniques. The result of structural equation modeling showed that occupation relevance, skills, facility conditions, and social influence impacted on the intermediates variables, namely, relevance advantage, perceived usefulness, behavioral intention-to-use, and actual use. The independent variables are occupation relevance, skills, facility conditions, and social influence. They impact actual use through mediating constructs such as relevance advantage, perceived usefulness, and behavioral intention-to-use. The findings suggest that universities and students’ efforts aimed at increasing the factors’ perceptions of adoption of Industry 4.0 will contribute to implementation success, where success is defined as effectual usage of Industry 4.0.

The study investigates Environmental Accounting Information (EAI) as well as factors affecting the environmental accounting implementation by the construction firms listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE), Vietnam. After eliminating seven enterprises that lacked data, the authors selected a sample of 112 observations from 28 construction businesses listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange in the period 2015-2018. This study uses research data extracted from the companies’ annual reports. Then, the data are analyzed by Stata 13 software, including descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient analysis, regression analysis of table data using estimation methods (Pooled OLS, REM, FEM), and testing of model defects (heteroskedasticity test, multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test). The results show that construction companies listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange have out factors affecting the environmental accounting implementation by these enterprises, including independent audit firm and listed time. While the independent auditor firm has a positive and significant impact, the listed time has a negative influence. In addition, our study has confirmed the role of institutional factors affecting the disclosure level of EAI on the implementation of environmental accounting by construction enterprises listed on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange.

The objective of this study is to enrich the literature by investigating the impact of introduction of index future trading on spot market returns and trading volume in Vietnam. Data used in this study mainly consist of daily VN30-Index and market trading volume series during the period from February 6th, 2012 to December 31st, 2019. Using OLS, GARCH(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1) models, the empirical findings consistently confirm that the introduction of index future trading has no impact on the spot market returns. In addition, the results of the EGARCH(1,1) model indicate that the leverage effect on the spot market volatility is existence in HOSE. Specifically, bad news has a greater effect on the market volatility than good news of the same size. Moreover, our empirical findings reveal that the introduction of index future contracts has the positive impact on the underlying market trading volume. Specifically, the trading volume of the post-index futures introduction increases by 7.5 percent compared with the pre-index futures introduction. Finally, the results obtained from the Granger causality test for the relationship between the spot market returns and the future trading activity confirm that only uni-directional causality running from the market returns to the future trading activity exists in HOSE.

The quality of hospital services remains a concern of both the manager and the patient. The study aims to identify factors affecting outpatient satisfaction at private general hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, establishing a scale for measuring them. Some 450 outpatients who were treated in five top private hospitals in Ho Chi Minh city (HCMC) in 2019 – An Sinh General Hospital, Hoan My General Hospital, Columbia Asia International Hospital, FV Hospital, and Vu Anh International General Hospital – were interviewed directly in the last quarter of 2019 to obtain the information. The SERVPERF model, plus the cost, together with the SPSS software, have been used to process information by Cronbach’s alpha analysis, Exploratory Factor analysis, and linear regression analysis. The results show that there are five factors influencing outpatient satisfaction at private general hospitals in HCMC, in which four factors affects positively in the order of decreasing importance: treatment outcome, doctors and nurses’ professional capacity, facilities and environment of the hospital, hospital care, and the treatment time factor affects negatively. The results of the study provide private hospital in HCMC managers with a number of suggestions to increase the level of hospital service quality, so that increase outpatients satisfaction.

The study examines factors affecting apartment prices in the real estate market of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The study uses primary data based on surveys of customers who have traded successfully, and collects transaction data from real estate trading companies that are the top investors in Ho Chi Minh City real estate market. The collected data include 384 observations in a total of 24 districts, detailing that each district surveyed on a minimum of four projects, each project carried out a survey on a minimum of four apartments. The survey collected 339 valid questionnaires for analysis and model testing. This study employs multivariate regression with the data of 339 observations. The research results reveal that five significant factors affect positively the price of apartments in Ho Chi Minh City – apartment area, toilet and bedroom, apartment floor, reference price, and apartment interior. Besides, there are three significant factors affecting negatively the price of apartments – next price trend, distance to city center, and potential building. From the results, the research proposes solutions in the pricing of apartments in the real estate market in Ho Chi Minh City – better information system, a real estate transaction index, and stricter management of small brokerage activities.

The fourth industrial revolution has attracted much academic attention in these past few years. However, research on systematic and extensive factors affecting adoption of Industry 4.0 by SMEs in developing countries, especially in Vietnam, has been unavailable. This study aims to explore the impact of factors that influence the actual adoption of Industry 4.0 by SMEs in Ho Chi Minh City. Mixed-method research was utilized in this study including in-depth interviews of 12 participants and quantitative research of 396 respondents who are representative of SMEs by both online and via paper surveys. The SPSS and SmartPLS 3 software were employed to help analyze the collected data. The results indicate that perceived development of the human resource, perceived on-time, perceived saving cost, perceived improve product quality, perceived saving time, perceived ease-of-use, business resources, and conditions of the business environment, perceived usefulness, perceived enhanced customer relationship, and adoption intention, all have a positive significant effect on actual adoption of Industry 4.0. The results seem to suggest that managerial efforts aimed at increasing the factors’ perceptions of adoption of Industry 4.0 and personal relevance of the technology will contribute to implementation success, where success is defined as effectual usage of the Industry 4.0.

대한기독교회가 일제로부터 수난을 당한 원산사건의 원인에는 우태호 사건이 있다. 우태호 사건의 원인을 우태호 개인에게서 찾는 것은 역사적 오해에서 비롯되었을 가능성이 매우 높다. 그러나 이 사건은 사건 전모와 관련하여 규명되거나 해명되지 않은 부분들이 있으며, 특히 사건과 관련하여 특정한 주장들에 대한 객관적인 증거들이 부족한 상태이다. 이는 대한 기독교회의 역사에서 반드시 재고되고 수정되어야 할 부분이다. 우태호 사건은 그 사건의 전말에 있어서나 평가에 있어서 여러 논란들이 있어왔으므 로 이 사건의 발단 단계에서 풀어봐야 할 문제이다. 본 논문은 원산사건의 발단이 되는 우태호 사건의 과정을 재구성하여 그동안 지나치게 한쪽으로 편향된 역사에 대해, 다른 역사적 근거를 제시하여 재평가 하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이에 원산사건에 앞서 발생한 우태호 사건을 재정립하여 원산사건 발생에 대한 바른 이해를 구축하고 한국침례교회 역사에서 우태호에 대한 분석은 물론 그에 대한 정당한 평가를 하고자 함이다.

The study aims to provide some plausible explanation for why Vietnamese listed companies only stop at the level of truthful presentation of information related to accounting data through the opinion of independent auditors. The information is only at the level of compliance with the requirements of Circular 155/2015/TT-BTC in form, but in essence is sketchy. What factors affect the level of voluntary disclosure of listed companies in Vietnam? In order to identify the factors affecting voluntary information disclosure on annual reports of listed companies, the study collected data on annual reports of 122 companies listed on the stock market in Ho Chi Minh City in the period 2015-2018 and uses regression analysis methods. The research presents 8 factors affecting the level of voluntary information disclosure including: Firm size, Listed time, Profitability, Solvency, Separation of board of directors and executive director, Board size, Organizational ownership and Foreign ownership. Next, the study conducted descriptive statistical analysis correlation coefficient analysis to examine the correlation and relevance of independent variables measured by the scale ratio, testing multiple linear regression model. The results of the study show that factors listed time, profitability and organizational ownership affecting voluntary information disclosure on annual reports of listed companies in Vietnam.

This study focuses on determining the impacts of organizational culture on the accounting information system and the operational performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City. The paper is organized in five parts: introduction, literature review, research methodology, research results, and conclusion and policy implications. Based on the samples of 353 respondents working in small and mediumsized enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City, the research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to find the answers for research questions. Group discussion, which yields final observed variables of the factors of organizational culture is used for qualitative method. Statistics, assessment of the reliability of Cronbach's Alpha scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) are used for quantitative procedure. The results show that mission, involvement and inconsistency in organizational culture positively affect the accounting information system of small and medium-sized firms in Vietnam. In addition, mission, involvement, adaptability and consistency in organizational culture are found to have positive impacts on the firm operational performance. Another finding of the study is that the accounting information system has a positive effect on operational performance of small and medium-sized firms in Vietnam.

본 논문은 죽와 하일호의 시문학 세계의 양상과 그 특징에 대한 고찰을 연구의 목적으로 삼았다. 하일호의 가계는 대대로 남명의 학문적 영향을 입었고 하 일호의 경우도 마찬가지였다. 그는 유학적 도덕성을 견지하여 孝友를 적극적으로 실천하는 한편 학문공부에 근면하고 후학의 지도에서 『소학』의 가르침을 성 실히 전수하였다. 그의 작품에는 가족을 사랑하고 염려하는 가부장으로의 진중 한 모습이나 자손과 후배들에게 평생 체득한 삶의 지침을 전수하는 노년의 문사의 모습, 일상에서 마주하는 소박한 사물에 대한 구체적인 묘사나 해학 넘치는 모습이 형상화 되었다. 유가적 관념을 형상한 작품 외에, 소박한 일상의 사건과 사물을 묘사한 작품에 나타나는 구체성과 묘사성은 유학자이자 문인으로서의 하 일호의 작품이 갖는 특징이다. 이것은 자국적인 것의 가치를 인식하고 조선어를 활용한 시의 창작을 주장한 그의 독자적 시론에서 비롯된 것이라 할 수 있다. 어조는 비록 평범하지만 내용은 전실한 시작품의 창작을 강조한 것이나 예에 부합되고 실지로 적용될 수 있는 학문 자세를 강조한 것 역시 그의 시문학 세계의 특징을 반영한 것이라 할 수 있다.

履齋 宋鎬彦은 한말 경남 삼가군의 학자인데, 그는 南冥 曺植과 退溪 李滉에 대한 인식에 있어 매우 흥미 있는 모습을 보여주고 있다. 지역적으로는 남명의 고향과 같은 지역에 살았고, 학문적으로는 尹冑夏, 李震相, 郭鍾錫 등에게 배워 퇴계의 학맥에 닿아 있었다. 그의 문집에 보이는 남명과 퇴계의 인식에 있어 이러한 특성이 잘 반영되어 있는 작품들이 있는데, 특히 남명에 대해서는 남명 사상의 핵심이라 할 경의를 상징하는 敬義劍을 읊은 ｢南冥先生古劍歌｣와 퇴계에 대해서는 한주 이진상이 부르짖은 祖雲憲陶가 새겨진 옥사자인을 읊은 ｢玉獅子印歌｣를 들 수 있다. 두 작품 가운데 ｢남명선생고검가｣는 경의검을 통해 남명의 사상을 읊은 것이고, ｢옥사자인가｣는 옥사자인을 통해 한주 이진상이 퇴계의 학맥을 계승한 것을 읊은 것으로, 바로 남명과 퇴계를 대비시켜 논한 것이 아니라서 두 작품이 긴밀한 연관성이 부족한 것은 사실이지만 ｢옥사자인가｣에서 송호언의 퇴계에 대한 인식을 엿볼 수는 있다. 이재의 남명에 대한 생각은 남명의 제자들에 대한 시, 특히 삼가군수로 부임한 申斗善이 雷龍亭을 중수하면서 이재에게 명하여 지었던 ｢雷龍亭詩｣에 잘 드러나 있다. ｢뇌룡정시｣에서 그는 인을 회복하여 乾道를 성실하게 하는 것은 군자가 바라는 것인데, 이를 실행하려면 용기가 있어야 하며, 남명이 바로 千仞壁 立의 기상을 가지고 하늘이 울어도 울지 않는 의연함이 있다고 칭송하였다. ｢남명선생고검가｣는 세 단락으로 이루어져 있는 장편 고시인데, 그는 첫 번째 단락에서는 역사가 깊은 칼을 남명이 지리산에서 갖고 있는데, 이는 하늘의 뜻 으로 없애고자 해도 없앨 수 없다는 것이다. 두 번째 단락에서는 남명이 그의 敬義劍을 가지고 세상의 일들을 처리하였다면, 온 세상이 밝고 정의로운 경과 의가 넘치는 세상이 되었을 것이라고 했다. 세 번째 단락에서는 남명은 결국 자신의 뜻을 펴지 못하고 세상을 떠났지만 그가 지니고 있던 칼이 남아 있으니, 후대 사람들은 경의 뜻을 담은 여덟 자의 내용을 잊지 말아야 한다고 하였다. 이재의 퇴계에 대한 인식은 이재가 퇴계의 시에 차운한 3제 4수의 시에 잘 드러나 있다. 雙明軒의 차운시는 퇴계가 한 때 거처하던 장소에서 퇴계를 생각하고 그 서글픈 심회를 노래한 것이고, 四樂亭 차운시는 사락정의 모습과 그곳에 깃들어 있는 퇴계의 자취를 읊었는데, 퇴계를 사모하여 도의 眞諦를 그에게 묻고자 하지만 그렇게 할 수 없는 현실을 노래한 것이다. 특히 ｢옥사자인가｣는 ｢남명선생고검가｣와 마찬가지로 세 단락으로 이루어져 있는 장편 고시인데, 그는 첫 번째 단락에서는 주자의 학문이 퇴계로 이어진 것을 寒洲 李震相이 계승하였음을 여러 고사와 비유적인 내용을 통하여 드러내어 주었다. 두 번째 단락에서는 사자를 그려 자신의 학문을 전하였기에 사자가 있는 곳이 스승이 있는 곳이 되었지만, 꼭 그것에 얽매여서는 안 된다는 것을 밝혔다. 세 번째 단락에서는 후학들에게 해야할 일과 해서는 안 될 일을 경계하는 내용이 중심을 이루고 있다. 퇴계에 대해서는 남명에 대한 것만큼 현실적 실천의 잣대로 평가하지 않고 다만 후대의 학자가 부르짖는 ‘祖雲憲陶’의 주체로서 주자로부터 조선후기 이진상에게 이르기까지 그 학문의 정맥이 이어지고 있음을 말하였다.

The paper aims to examine the factors affecting brand and student decision in buying fresh milk. Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study used self-completed questionnaires to investigate 520 students in Ho Chi Minh City. The results of the study show that that there are five key determinants affecting the dairy brand and student decision in buying fresh milk, including: (1) product quality, (2) fair price, (3) product promotion and customer services, (4) product convenience, and (5) reference group’s attitude to the brand. In addition, it is also found that product brand has a direct and positive impact on the student decision. The finding in this study is quite different from other existing literatures in terms of the importance level of the determinants of the student decision in buying fresh milk; specifically, in deciding to buy their fresh milk, students are often interested in the promotion and customer service, the product convenience, and the reference group for the purchase, more than in the quality and price of the product. From these findings, some managerial implications are proposed for policy-makers and relevant enterprises to have appropriate policies and strategies for their business development.

The study aims to investigate the recommendation and revisit intentions of foreign tourists in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam through their satisfaction with local foods. The study proposed the group of five attributes for food image: taste, health concern, price, serving style, vendor/ restaurant staffs. The relationship between these attributes of food image and food satisfaction, as well as the one between food satisfaction and behavioral intentions were investigated. To ensure a high ratio of answers, a face-to-face survey was conducted in famous places at Ho Chi Minh city. Data with 210 foreign tourists. The study uses the methods of descriptive statistics, EFA, Cronbach Alpha and regression. The results showed that Five attributes of food image were chosen for the research, being taste, health concern, price, serving style and vendors/ restaurant staffs. All of these attributes showed a positive relationship with satisfaction. Among five factors, taste had the most impact on food satisfaction. Through the analysis of several attributes of food images, this study provides managerial implications for tourism marketers in researching the positive influence of food image on tourists' satisfaction which leads to their positive word-of-mouth and return to the tourism place.

The paper aims to measure stock price volatility on Ho Chi Minh stock exchange (HSX). We apply symmetric models (GARCH, GARCH-M) and asymmetry (EGARCH and TGARCH) to measure stock price volatility on HSX. We used time series data including the daily closed price of VN-Index during 1/03/2001–1/03/2019 with 4375 observations. The results show that GARCH (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1) models are the most suitable models to measure both symmetry and asymmetry volatility level of VN-Index. The study also provides evidence for the existence of asymmetric effects (leverage) through the parameters of TGARCH model (1,1), showing that positive shocks have a significant effect on the conditional variance (volatility). This result implies that the volatility of stock returns has a big impact on future market movements under the impact of shocks, while asymmetric volatility increase market risk, thus increase the attractiveness of the stock market. The research results are useful reference information to help investors in forecasting the expected profit rate of the HSX, and also the risks along with market fluctuations in order to take appropriate adjust to the portfolios. From this study’s results, we can see risk prediction models such as GARCH can be better used in risk forecasting especially.

The paper aims to investigate the factors of brand equity affecting the purchase intention of car buyers in Ho Chi Minh City. The authors use qualitative method and quantitative research to study the matters, specifically using scales and data collected for Cronbach alpha reliability testing, analysizing the discovery factor of EFA, CFA and verifying the regression models through AMOS software with SEM linear modeling. The study proposes four factors: (1) brand awareness, (2) self-expression value, (3) perceived quality, (4) brand psychology impacting on the brand loyalty and intention to buy cars of customers. The results show that all four factors are statistically significant for positive brand loyalty and purchase willing. The results showed that brand loyalty positively affects consumers' intention to buy cars. Among the factors included in the study, the brand psychology is a new factor which developed by experts in the context of Vietnam. This is the first study in Vietnam to quantify clearly the element of "crowd psychology" affecting the interests and habits of Vietnamese consumers. This explains why Vietnamese consumers prefer brands that are familiar in the market and some new cars with nice models and colors suitable for Vietnamese psychology.

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in the amount of 20 free amino acids in PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) medium during the incubation period while cultivating Lentinula edodes. The total incubation period was 90 days, and the total amount of free amino acids was confirmed every 45 days. Among the 18 kinds of amino acids whose increase and decrease patterns were confirmed, 10 amino acids were increased compared to that in the control, among which cysteine increased from its initial value of 9,889 ± 3 μg/L to 12,909 ± 2 μg/L at 45 days and 29,256 ± 4 μg/L at 90 days. Six amino acids with decreased expression patterns were identified. Arginine decreased to 83,751 ± 2 μg/L after 45 days from its initial value of 161,787 ± 1 μg/L and to 79,055 ± 7 μg/L at 90 days.

본 논문은 윤치호가 1885년부터 1888년까지 중국 상해에 머물며 남감리회 미션스쿨인 중서서원에서 수학하던 시기를 그 연구대상으로 삼아, 윤치호가 중서서원에서 받은 근대교육과 종교교육에 대해 살펴보면서, 미션스쿨이 윤치호의 개종에 미친 영향에 대해 고찰해 보는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이에 대해 본 논문은 첫째, 윤치호가 상해에서 수강한 과목들을 당시 중서 서원의 8년 학제에 포함된 교과목들과 비교하면서 윤치호가 그 중 3-6학년 도 과정을 수학한 것을 밝혔으며, 둘째, 중서서원의 종교교육을 검토하면서 중서서원은 세속학교가 아닌 전형적인 미션스쿨로서, 윤치호도 그가 받은 모든 수업에서 성경이 교재로 사용되었고 매일 두 차례씩 종교예식을 갖고 토요일에는 성경강독 수업을 받았음을 살펴보았다. 셋째, 선행연구에서와 달리 윤치호가 처음 예배당에 간 것은 1885년 2월 15일이 아닌 2월 8일이었으며 교회에 데려간 사람은 알렌이 아닌 로얄 선교사였음을 밝혔고, 이를 통해 윤치호가 중서서원에 입학한 직후부터 선교사들의 특별한 선교적 관심을 받았을 가능성이 컸음을 추론하였다. 결국, 윤치호는 윤리적 종교에 대한 개인적 관심 및 근대 사상에 대한 관심에서 스스로 기독교 에 접근하기에 앞서, 이미 미션스쿨의 종교적 학풍과 선교사들의 전략적 전도 과정을 통해 이미 기독교적 환경에 놓이게 되었던 것이었다.

The current higher education in Vietnam demonstrates the intense competition among local universities. Undoubtedly, the issue of enhancing the brand value to attract students is now placed at the top to Vietnamese universities. The research aims to identify the objective and subjective factors affecting the brand value of private universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam as mediated by students’ perceptions. This paper employs the mixed research methods and data were then analyzed by measuring Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for reliability, analyzing EFA, and using PATH model to test the experiment on the research model affecting HUTECH’s brand value. Probability sampling used is Stratified sampling and 500 students of 8 faculties of HUTECH surveyed by convenience sampling. Additionally, this paper also proposes some managerial implications on enhancing the brand value of private universities in Ho Chi Minh City. The results indicate that the new factor, namely geographic location is the most influential factor to enhance the brand value of private universities in general and HUTECH in particular. Brand still plays a determinant role in students' trust when choosing a university. Finally, some implications proposed to enhance the brand value of private universities in Ho Chi Minh City in the context of fierce competition in attracting students.

The characteristics of PM10, PM2.5 and Ratio(PM2.5/PM10) of 11 urban air monitoring stations in Gyeongnam were analyzed for the last 3 years(`15~`17). The average of the all stations was PM10 45 μg/㎥, PM2.5 24 μg/㎥ and Ratio 0.54, and annual reduction rates were PM10 -2.9%, PM2.5 –2.7% and Ratio –1.2%, respectively. The seasonal characteristics of PM10 were spring 54 μg/㎥ > winter 48 μg/㎥ > summer/autumn 40 μg/㎥, PM2.5 were spring/winter 26 μg/㎥ > summer 23 > autumn 22 μg/㎥ and Ratio were summer 0.56 > winter 0.55 > autumn 0.54 > spring 0.51, respectively. The hourly characteristics of PM10 were 11 μg/㎥ higher than 09:00~12:00 at 03:00~06:00, PM2.5 were 6 μg/㎥ higher than 09:00~12:00 at 17:00~18:00 and Ratio were 0.07 higher than 04:00~06:00 at 19:00. By site, the highest concentration of PM10 was YJ site 53 μg/㎥ and PM2.5 was HW site 28 μg/㎥. And Ratio at HD site showed the largest reduction from `15 0.62 to `17 0.52.