In Korea most bulbs of calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) are imported from foreign countries including USA and Netherlands due to frequent viral infection problems in field propagation. To solve this problem, in vitro propagation system of calla lilies has been attempted, which ultimately would have an agronomical impact on Korean calla lily farmers. In this study, we carried out experiments to find an efficient method for multiple shoot formation and subsequent root induction in calla lily ‘Black Star’. Lateral buds were used for the induction of multiple shoots on basal MS media containing various concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. The highest callus and multiple shoot formation was observed in MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L of each NAA and BA, in which 25 (83.3%) explants exhibited callus formation and all 30 explants produced multiple shoots with an average of 14.7 shoots per explant in average length of 4.1 cm. Subsequently, obtained shoots were tested for root induction in MS media containing auxins, IAA, NAA, or 2,4-D, because calla lily shoots derived from tissue culture did not produce sufficient roots that are crucial for the survival under natural environment after transplanting. An average of 4.9 or 3.1 roots was generated after 20-day culture of shoots on MS media containing 1.0 mg/L IAA or 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, respectively. However, no root formation was observed in MS media supplemented with NAA, indicating that NAA is not adequate for root induction of shoots derived from tissue culture of ‘Black Star’.

We present our AKARI study of massive star forming regions where a large-scale cloud-cloud collision possibly contributes to massive star formation. Our targets are Spitzer bubbles, which consist of two types of bubbles, closed and broken ones; the latter is a candidate of the objects created by cloud-cloud collisions. We performed mid- and far-infrared surface photometry toward Spitzer bubbles to obtain the relationship between the total infrared luminosity, LIR, and the bubble radius, R. As a result, we nd that LIR is roughly proportional to R where  = 2:10:4. Broken bubbles tend to have larger radii than closed bubbles for the same LIR.

We present a comparative study of CO and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission toward a region including the massive star-forming regions of NGC 6334 and NGC 6357. We use the NANTEN 12CO(J=1{0) data and the AKARI 9 m All-Sky diffuse map in order to evaluate the calibration accuracy of the AKARI data. We conrm that the overall CO distribution shows a good spatial correspondence with the PAH emission, and their intensities exhibit a good power-law correlation with a spatial resolution down to 4′ over the region of 10◦10◦. We also reveal poorer correlation for small scale structures between the two quantities toward NGC 6357, due to strong UV radiation from local sources. Larger scatter in the correlation toward NGC 6357 indicates higher ionization degree and/or PAH excitation than that of NGC 6334.