본 연구는 부영양화되어 있는 하구감조역에서의 생성과 거동을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 도시역에서의 N2O발생에 착안하여 그 중에서도 인위적 임팩트가 크다고 판단되는 하수처리수 생활폐수 등이 유입되는 도시하천감조역을 대상으로 현지 정점조사를 실시하여 수역의 사계절에 걸친 각 질소성분의 농도변화와 flux를 상세히 파악하고 저질간극수 중의 연직분포를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 완혼합이고 염수쐐기설(楔)가 형성되는 Tatara천(川)에서 하수처리수는 해수의 혼합형태

Hydrochloric acid salt of a new N2O3 pentadentate ligand, N,N'-Bis(2-Hydroxybenzyl)-1,3-diamino-2-propanol(H-BHDP․2HCl) was synthesized. Br-BHDP․2HCl, Cl-BHDP․2HCl, CH3-BHDP․2HCl and CH3O- BHDP․2HCl having Br, Cl, CH3 and CH3O substituents at 5-position of the phenol group of H-BHDP․2HCl were also synthesized. The potentiometry study in aqueous solution revealed that the proton dissociations of the synthesized ligands occurred in four steps and their order of the calculated overall proton dissociation constants(logβp) was Br-BHDP〈 Cl-BHDP〈 H-BHDP〈 CH3O-BHDP〈 CH3-BHDP. The order showed a similar trend to that of Hammett substituent constants(δp). The order of the stability constants(logKML) was Co(Ⅱ)〈 Ni(Ⅱ)〈 Cu(Ⅱ)〈 Zn(Ⅱ)〈 Cd(Ⅱ)〈 Pb(Ⅱ). The order in their stability constants (logKML) of each transition metal complex agreed with that of the overall proton dissociation constants (logβp).

Hydrochloride acid salts of new N2O2 tetradentate ligands containing amine and phenol N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)-o-phenylenediamine(H-BHP), N,N'-bis(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)-o-phenylenediamine(Br-BHP), N,N'-bis (5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzyl)-o-phenylene-diamine(Cl-BHP), N,N'-bis(5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-o-phenylene-diamine (Me-BHP) and N,N'-bis(5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)-o-phenylenediamine(MeO-BHP) were synthesized. The ligands were characterized by elemental analysis, mass and NMR spectroscopy. The elemental analysis showed that the ligands were isolated as dihydrochloride salt. The potentiometry study revealed that the proton dissociation constants(logKnH) of ligands and stability constants (logKML) of transition and heavy metals complexes. The order of the stability constants of each metal ions for ligands was Br-BHP < Cl-BHP < H-BHP < MeO-BHP < Me-BHP.

Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to investigate the removal characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in two sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs). SBBR1 had a short first non-aeration period and SBBR2 had a long first non-aeration period. The removal characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in each SBBR were precisely observed according to the variation of influent TOC concentration, and the operation control parameters (pH, DO concentration, ORP) in each reactor were measured. In biological nitrogen removal, there was little difference between SBBR1 and SBBR2 and the nitrogen removal efficiencies were very low. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics in high influent TOC concentration were different from those in low TOC. Nitrogen removals by simultaneous nitrification/denitrification (SND) were occurred in both SBBR1 and SBBR2. The P removal in SBBR1 was superior to that in SBBR2. The second P release was observed in SBBR1 which had long second non-aeration period.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important trace gas in the atmosphere not only because of its large global warming potential (GWP) but also because of the role in the ozone depletion in the stratosphere. It has been known that soil is the largest natural source of N2O in global emission. However, anthropogenic sources contributing from industrial section is likely to increase with rising the energy consumption, and transportation as well. In this study, a total of 32 gasoline-powered passenger vehicles (ranging from small to large engine's displacement and also ranging from aged catalyst to new catalyst) were tested on the chassis dynamometer system in order to elucidate the characteristics of N2O emission from automobiles under different driving modes. Ten different driving modes developed by NIER were adapted for the test. The results show that the N2O emission decreases logarithmically with increase of vehicle speed over the all test vehicles (N2O emission = -0.062 Ln (vehicle speed) + 0.289, r2=0.97). It revealed that the larger engine's displacement, the more N2O emission were recorded. The correlation between N2O emission and catalyst aging was examined. It found that the vehicles with aged catalyst (odometer record more than 8,0000km) emit more N2O than those with new catalyst. Average N2O emission was 0.086±0.095 N2O-g/km (number of samples=210) for the all test vehicles over the test driving modes.

Hydrobromic acid salts of new N, N, O tridentate ligands containing phenol, 2-[(2-Methylamino- ethylamino)-methyl]-phenol(H-MMP․2HBr), 5-Bromo-2-[(2-Methylamino-ethylamino)-methyl]-phenol (Br- MMP․2HBr), 5-Chloro-2-[(2-Methylamino-ethylamino)-methyl]-phenol(Cl-MMP․2HBr), 5-Methyl-2-[(2-Methylamino- ethylamino)-methyl]-phenol(Me-MMP․2HBr), 5-Methoxy-2-[(2-Methylamino-ethylamino)- methyl]-phenol(MeO- MMP․2HBr) and 1-[(2-Methylamino-ethylamino)- methyl]-naphthalen-2-ol(Nap- MMP․2HBr) were synthesized. The synthesized ligands were confirmed by C. H. N. atomic analysis, UV-visible and IR spectroscopies, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass analysis. The potentiometry study revealed that the proton dissociation constants(logKnH) of the synthesized ligands and stability constants (logKML, logKML2) of transition metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions occurred in three steps and the order of the calculated overall proton dissociation constants(logβp) and stability constants (logKML) of ligands was Br-MMP․2HBr < Cl-MMP․2HBr < H-MMP․2HBr < Nap-MMP․2HBr < Me-MMP․2HBr < MeO-MMP․2HBr. The order showed a similar trend to that of Hammett substituent constants(δp). The synthesized ligands usually form 2:1(ML2) complexes with transition metal ions. The order of the stability constants of each transition metal ions was Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) > Zn(II) > Cd(II) > Pb(II).

수도에 대한 질소, 인산, 가리의 수비효과를 검토하기 위하여 5년간 무비구와 인산과 가리를 시용한 무질소구에서 수비로 질소 0, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6kg/10a의 4수준으로 시용하고 또 5년간 질소와 가리를 시용한 무인산구에서는인산을, 질소와 인산을 시용한 무가리구에서는 가리를 수비로 각각 0, 4, 8, 12kg/10a의 4수준으로 시용하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 출수기는 무비구와 무질소구에서 질소를 기비로 시용한 무인산구, 무가리구, 3요소구에서 보다 7 일간 늦었으나 무비구와 무질소구에서는 질소의 수비량이 증가할수록 오히려 출수가 1～4일 늦었다. 인산과 가리는 기비나 수비로 시용하여도 출수기에 영향을 미치지 아니하였다. 2. 무비구에서는 질소의 수비량이 증가할수록 등숙비율과 천입중은 감소경향이지만 주당수수와 1 수영화수가 모두 증가하여 질소 수비량이 2.4kg/10a 까지는 정조수량이 증가하였다. 무질소구에서는 질소수비량이 증가하면 주당수수는 증가하나 1 수영화수 는 차이가 없고 등숙비율과 천입중이 감소경향이어서 수양은 질소 수비량간에 차이가 없었다. 3. 간장은 무비구와 무질소구에서 질소수비량이 증가할수록 커졌으나 질소를 기비로 시용한 3요소구에서 간장은 질소 수비량간에 차이가 없었다. 4. 유효기비율은 무비구와 무질소구에서 질소수비량이 증가할수록 커졌으며 제 1 차최고분벽기의 분벽수를 기준으로 하면 최고 130%까지 증가하였다. 5. 무인산구에서 인산의 수비시용과 무가리구에서 가리의 수비시용은 수량과 기지 조사형질에 영향을 미치지 않았다.