The annual total phosphorus load caused by public wastewater, nightsoil and livestock manure treatment facilities in Korea has been examined macroscopically. Annual domestic average phosphorus (P) inflows through the income of phosphate rock for the last five years (2012 - 2016) were analyzed as 76,598 tons/year. As of the year 2015, the total loadings of phosphorus attributed to public wastewater treatment facilities, nightsoil treatment facilities and livestock wastewater were estimated as 30,269 tons/year, 1,909 tons/year and 18,138 tons/year, respectively. Considering the amount of phosphorus imports, the annual phosphorus load from wastewater, livestock wastewater and excretions is equivalent to 39.5%, 23.7%, 2.5% and totally 65.7%(39.5% + 23.7% + 2.5%). Therefore, the introduction of phosphorus recovery and recycling processes for the public wastewater and livestock manure treatment facilities has been found to be effective because it could reduce the import amount of phosphate rock by up to 60% or more.

This study developed an up-flow wetland providing either an eco-friendly follow-up process of medium-sized public treatment facility for livestock manure or a non-point source pollution controller near livestock farms. The four bench-scale up-flow wetlands were operated with four different bed media sets. The removal efficiencies of the wetland effluent for CODCr, TN, TP, SS were 35.2 %, 29.5 %, 31.2 % and 52.2 % for set 1(Blank, without reed, with bio-ceramic), 40.6 %, 43.4 %, 42.2 % and 55.4 % for set 2(with bio-reed&without bio-ceramic), 45.2 %, 48.7 %, 46.6 % and 66.3 % for set 3(with bio-reed&bio-ceramic), 32.9 %, 27.3 %, 29.3 % and 54.1 % for Set 4(with reed&bio ceramic), respectively. The set 3 condition having a mixture of bio-reed and bio-ceramic showed the highest efficiency in the bench-scale evaluation. This study suggests a mixture of bio-reed and bio-ceramic as suitable bed media in the construction of artificial wetlands near livestock farms. Soils including the bed media were monitored during the evaluation for trace elements. Soil analysis results were satisfied with the Korean Soil Contamination Standard. This study showed that the up-flow constructed wetland was feasible to treat the effluent livestock wastewater treatment facility.

가축분뇨, 하수슬러지 및 음폐수와 같은 유기성폐기물이 해양투기가 전면 금지되면서 육상처리 및 재활용처리가 관심이 되고 있다. 가축분뇨, 하수슬러지와 음폐수를 육상처리할 뿐만 아니라 신재생에너지를 생산할 수 있는 바이오가스화가 그 처리에 좋은 대안으로 부각되고 있다. 최근 가축분뇨 혐기소화시설에서 음폐수를 병합처리 하는 경향이 늘고 있다. 본 연구에서는 가축분뇨만 혐기소화하는 4개 시설과 가축분뇨 혐기소화시 음식물류폐기물을 병합처리하는 9개 시설을 대상으로 현장조사를 실시하였다. 현장조사의 목적은 병합처리 바이오가스화 시설의 설계 및 운전 기술지침서를 마련하기 위하여 기초자료를 수집하고 시설별 운전시 발생되고 있는 문제점들을 조사하여 개선방안을 마련하기 위한 것이다. 또한 계절별로 가축분뇨 바이오가스화 시설 3개와 병합처리시설 6개에 대하여 정밀모니터링을 실시하였다. 병합처리 바이오가스화는 음식물류폐기물과 가축분뇨가 별도로 반입되어 각각의 전처리 및 이송설비를 거쳐서 혐기소화 전에 설치되어 있는 중간저장조에서 합쳐지게 된다. 중간저장조에서 혼합된 음식물류폐기물 및 가축분뇨는 두 유입물이 하나로 합쳐져 혐기소화 공정 이후의 공정들을 거쳐서 처리되게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 병합처리 바이오가스화 시설에 대하여 중간저장조 이전 공정들까지는 음식물류폐기물과 가축분뇨가 별도로 처리 공정을 거치므로 별도의 문제점들과 설계시 가이드라인을 제시하며, 중간저장조부터는 음식물류폐기물과 가축분뇨가 합쳐진 상태의 공통사항으로 문제점들과 가이드라인을 제시하고 있다.

If it does not underestimate the livestock feces, it is analyzed that the potential energy of consumption is sufficient. If consequently economic value evaluation of the livestock feces, environmentally use, the use of opportune and proper quantity, the logistics system development which connected the transportation and scattering, environmentally plan of public control facilities for livestock feces as a precondition of livestock feces consuming is been sufficient, the livestock feces problem of both farmhouse and the area which occurs excessively will be solve more economically and will be the possibility resources more efficiently as chemical fertilizer transfer.