Nicotine of tobacco component has a controversial impact in the clinical outcome of dental implants. Although numerous nicotine effects on bone healing around implants have been presented, it is rarely reported in vitro study about normal human osteoblast(NHost) from oral and maxillofacial area at the surface of implants. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nicotine on the proliferation and differentiation response of NHost to plasmatic and salivary levels of nicotine reported in smokers at the surface of screw-type plasma-sprayed titanium implants. NHosts were seeded on the surface of titanium implants and cultured for 21 days in α-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 50mg/ml ascorbic acid, 5mM β-glycerophosphate and 100nM dexamethasone. Seeded implants were exposed to various nicotine concentration(0.05-0.5mg/ml) from 1 to 21 days, and characterized for cell morphology, proliferation, differentiation, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity and ionized calcium concentration(Cai) of medium. Continuous exposure to higher nicotine concentration(above 0.3mg/ml) induced a dose- and time-dependent vacuolation of the cytoplasm, and a tendency to detach from the implant surface. 0.05mg/ml(lower nicotine concentration) did not cause significant effects in the cell proliferation and ALP activity. 0.1-0.2mg/ml caused evident dose-dependent effects in increased cell proliferation, ALP activity and earlier onset of matrix mineralization at levels up to 0.2mg/ml, while a dose-dependent inhibitory effect at 0.3-0.5mg/ml. Cai concentration of control group was decreased at 14 days. Increased Cai concentration at 0.1-0.2mg/ml, decreased Cai concentration at 0.3mg/ml and no change at 0.5mg/ml during the culture period were seen. It suggested that nicotine concentration could paly an role in modulating NHost activity as a contributing factor associated with proliferation and differentiation of NHost at the surface of implants.

본 연구에서는 nicotine 분해에 효과에 대하여 해양식물 유래의 후코이단을 이용하여 시험관에서 직접 혼합법 및 세포주 시험에서 nicotine의 cotinine으로의 전환능을 측정하였다. 직접 혼합법 시험결과, 후코이단 1 μg/mL에서 시간이 경과함에 따라서 nicotine의 cotinine으로의 전환 정도가 대조군 대비 증가하여 시험 종료 시점에서 15배의 증가율을 나타내었다. 세포주을 이용한 nicotine의 분해능 시험 결과, 시험 종료 시점에서 대조군 대비 6배의 cotinine 증가율을 나타내었다. 양성 대조군으로 사용한 녹차 추출물 대비 nicotine 분해능은 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 그러나 후코이단의 항산화능은 녹차 추출물과 대비하여 낮았으며, 항산화 주요 기능을 갖는 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 성분 역시 낮았다. 본 시험 결과가 나타내는 바는 후코이단의 nicotine의 cotinine으로의 전환능에 대한 입증을 하였으며 이는 금연 보조 역할을 할 수 있는 기능성 소재로 사료된다.

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) could adversely affect health. The aim of this study was to quantify the contribution of ETS exposure in nonsmokers of entertainment facilities. We simultaneously measured nicotine and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), which are known as indicators of ETS, concentrations in indoor internet cafe, billiard, karaoke, bar and restaurant, and estimated exposure level of other harmful agents occurred from tobacco smoking. Mean nicotine concentration (10.57±2.53㎍ /m³ ) of internet cafe was the highest comparing to other facilities, whereas mean concentration of restaurant where was non-smoking area was 0.28±0.08㎍ /m³ . There was statistically not correlated between NO₂ and nicotine concentrations in entertainment facilities. Therefore, the use of NO₂ concentration as indicator of ETS exposure may not be available. To date, there are no standards about each agent occurred from ETS. Consequently administrative control and regulation, and further researches in relation to ETS exposure should be needed.

The PC game rooms in Korea have a problem in the aspect of indoor air quality because there are many occupants for 24 hours where the smoking is allowed. This study was carried out to evaluate indoor air quality (IAQ) including the size distribution of respirable suspended particulates (RSP) and airborne nicotine concentration in selected PC game rooms. The subjects are 6 PC game rooms in Seoul and Sung-Nam Cities. In this study, airborne RSP and nicotine concentrations were measured during a period from February to March, 2003. Significant correlation has been found between the concentrations of RSP and nicotine in PC game room. Also the negative correlation was found between room area and number of operating fan. The correlation coefficients between RSP size distribution and nicotine concentration were 0.868, 0.866, 0.870 in the stages 2 (cut-point 14.80㎛), 5 (cut-point 3.50㎛), and 8 (cut-point 0.52㎛) from Marple's 8-stage cascade impactor, respectively. In conclusion, RSP concentration in PC game room has a tendency to increase by smoking. Therefore, it is suggested that the effective air control system and education program be applied for PC game room.

천연식물소재 및 한약재 추출제재인 식물추출 혼합제재가 인체내에서 니코틴 분해능에 미치는 영향을 FRCFR5 세포주, Xenopus oocyte, 임상 실험을 통하여 검토하였다. 본 실험은 체내에 잔존하는 니코틴이 식물추출 혼합 제재에 의해 무독한 대사산물인 코티닌으로 분해량이 증가되고 동시에 NNK, NNN, NNA 등과 같은 폐암 유발물질인 니트로사민 유도체 생성 경로가 억제될 것이라는 가정을 전제로 실험을 수행하였다. 본 실험 결과에서 볼 수 있듯이 식물추출 혼합 제재에는 니코틴에서 코티닌으로 전환시키는 대사 활성물질이 함유되어 있다는 사실을 알 수 있으나, 실제로 어떤 유효성분들이 관여하는지 그리고 정확한 작용 기작을 규명하기 위해서는 더 많은 분석 및 생화학적 연구가 앞으로수행되어야 할 것이다. 간세포에서 유래된 FRCFR5 세포주 실험 결과, 니코틴과 식물추출 혼합 제재가 첨가된 배지에서 니코틴과 물을 첨가한 배지보다 니코틴에서 코티닌으로 전환능력이 약 2∼3배 높게 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 Xenopus oocyte에 직접 주사한 경우와 거의 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 임상실험 결과 식물추출 혼합 제재 음료를 음용하고 담배를 피운 실험군이 물을 음용하고 담배를 피운 대조군에 비해 약 2배 정도 높은 코티닌 함량을 나타내었다. 이는 실험군의 소변 중에 계속적으로 다량의 코티닌이 배출되는 것을 의미하며, 식물추출 혼합 제재 섭취시 체내에 존재하는 니코틴이 코티닌으로 지속적이면서 효과적으로 전환되는 것을 말한다. 이상의 생체 내·외 실험에서 알 수 있듯이 식물추출혼합물은 니코틴에서 코티닌 생성을 약 2배정도 증가 시키는 것을 알 수 있었다.

담배나방(Heliocoverpa assulta)와 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua)유충에 대한 유기인계 살충제인 다이아지논과 담배의 산물인 니코틴의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 본 실험을 시행하였다. 다이아지논이 처리된 담배나방유충의 사망률은 파밤나방유충의 경우보다 훨씬 높았으며 니코틴 처리구에서는 이와 반대양상을 나타내었다. 담배나방유충 중장의 cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MFO) 활성은 다이아지논 처리구에 비해서 니코틴 처리구에서 더욱 높게 나타났다. 담배나방유충을 기주식물인 담배잎으로 사육하였을 때 다른 화합물과는 달리 대부분의 니코틴은 변화 없이 배설되었다.

N-alkyl carboxy pyridinium chlorides such as N-lauryl carboxy-pyridinium chloride, N-myristyl carboxy pyridinium chloride, N-cetyl carboxy pyridinium chloride and N-stearyl carboxy pyridinium chloride were synthesized by the reaction of nicotinic acid and isonicotinic acid with long chain alkyl chlorides, and N-alkyl pyrinium carboxylates such as N-lauryl pyridinium carboxylate, N-myristyl pyridinium carboxylate. N-cetyl pyridinium carboxylate and N-stearyl pyridinium carboxylate were prepared from N-alkyl carboxy pyridinium chlorides. These reaction products could be separated by both column chromatogrphy, and paper chromatography, and there dissociation constants of N-alkyl pyridinium carboxylates were found to pKa 1.0×1013~6,31×1014