The present trial verified the effects of spraying microbial agents on odor reduction in commercial pig farms of different operating sizes and barn types. Farms without microbial agent spraying and those sprayed with microbial agents at two different intervals were compared. The treatments included spraying of water alone every day or a mixture of water plus microbial agent at 24 and 72 h intervals. The experimental farms were divided according to size into 1,000-, 3,000-, and 5,000-head farms and according to barn type into gestation, farrowing, nursery, and grower-finisher farms. To compare odor concentration within each housing barn, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas levels were measured. The average concentrations of ammonia (p<0.01) and hydrogen sulfide (p<0.05) gas were the lowest in all types of farms sprayed with the microbial agent at a 24 h interval. In farms sprayed with the microbial agent at a 24 h interval, the decrease in ammonia concentration according to barn type was in the following order: farrowing (p<0.01) (11.0 to 1.8 ppm), nursery (p<0.05) (17.0 to 9.2 ppm), grower-finisher (15.3 to 8.8 ppm), and gestation (9.7 to 6.4 ppm) farms. Moreover, spraying the microbial agent at a 24 h interval significantly (p<0.01) decreased ammonia concentration from 19.9 to 10.4 ppm, from 11.1 to 4.1 ppm, and from 8.8 to 5.1 ppm in 5,000-, 3,000-, and 1,000-head farms, respectively. Overall, spraying microbial agents every day may be the most effective method to reduce odor in commercial pig farms.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of microbial culture supplements on ruminal fermentation and fermentative quality of Italian ryegrass silage (IRGS) both in vitro and in situ. Three species of microbes (Lactobacillus casei (LC), Bacillus subtilis (BS), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC)) were used in this study. They were applied to IRGS at 30 days after silage manufacture. Various items were measured using in vitro and in situ incubation technique after each microbial supplement was inoculated into IRGS at 0.5×104 CFU/g. In the first experiment, in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics of IRGS were evaluated at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after microbes were inoculated into IRGS. In the second experiment, in situ fermentation characteristics were investigated at 0, 1, 3, and 5 days after the inoculation of each microbial supplement. In vitro ruminal NH3-N content was significantly (p<0.05) increased in LC-, BS-, and SC-IRGS at 12 hrs post incubation compared to that in control IRGS. In vitro ruminal total VFA concentration and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of IRGS were not significantly difference among LC-, BS-, and SC-IRGS, although they were numerically increased in LC-IRGS than those of the other IRGS. In addition, this study evaluated the fermentation characteristics and in situ DMD of IRGS with the lapse of incubation time up to 5 days. Throughout the incubation times from 1 day to 5 days, the pH value was significantly (p<0.05) lower in BS-, LC-, and SC-IRGS than that in control IRGS. Lactate was significantly (p<0.05) higher, and significantly (p<0.05) butyrate was lower in LC-IRGS than that in other treatments at 0 day. It was higher (p<0.05) in control IRGS than that of BS-, LC-, and SC-IRGS at 1-5 days. In situ DMD tended to increase in BS-, LC-, and SC-IRGS compared to that in control IRGS. Especially, DMD was higher in SC-IRGS than that in other treatments at 0 day. It tended to be higher in LC-IRGS at all incubation time. Taken together, these results suggest that it might be useful to select a microorganism by considering the feeding time of IRGS to ruminants because organic acids and DMD of IRGS were affected by the incubation time of each microorganism with IRG silage, especially for L. casei decreased the content of acetate and butyrate in IRGS.

본 연구는 친환경 살균자재로 알려져 있는 키틴분해 미생물과 석회보르도액을 ‘신고’ 배나무에 처리하였을 때 검은별무늬병 방제율과 과실품질에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다.유기농 과원에서 생산된 과일은 관행으로 재배한 과일에 비교해서 유기물과 토양 칼슘과 마그네슘 농도를 증가시켰다. 저농약으로 재배된 관행 과원에서는 상당한 검은별무늬병 발생이 억제되었으나, 친환경 살균제를 이용한 유기농 과원에서는방제효과가 없었다. 관행 재배된 과실은 석세포를 감소시키는영향이 있었지만, 유기농 과실에서는 3%이상의 많은 석세포함량을 보였고, 과실 경도를 증가시켰다. 석회보르도액은 당도와 진한 적색의 과실을 생산했지만, 수확된 과실의 표면에 얼룩이 많이 발생하였다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of microbial liquid manure(MLM) on the growth and yield characteristics of Altari radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). MLM 1,000㎎ㆍL⁻¹, MLM 2,000㎎ㆍL⁻¹ and MLM 1,000㎎ㆍL⁻¹+microbial fermentation compost(MFC) 600㎏/10a were treated. MLM was sprayed on leaves at 10, 20, and 40 days after planting. Leaf length and width of radish in all microbial fertilizer treatments were more vigorous than that of control significantly. Number of leaves was great in order of 1,000 ㎎ㆍL⁻¹ MLM+600㎏/10a MFC ＞ 2,000㎎ㆍL⁻¹ MLM ＞ 1,000㎎ㆍL⁻¹ MLM. SPAD reading value was increased with treatments of 2,000㎎ㆍL⁻¹ MLM and 1,000㎎ㆍL⁻¹ MLM+600㎏/10a MFC. Root length and weight of all the microbial fertilizer treatments tended to increase compared with control, and 1,000㎎ㆍL⁻¹ MLM+600㎏/10a MFC treatment was the most effective.