In defense acquisition system, testing and evaluation is a very important procedure that can ensure the completeness of capability while deciding whether to mass-produce or purchase weapons systems. But it always includes realistic restrictions that involve a variety of stakeholders, but lack of time, resources, and budget. Therefore, in the process of planning a test and evaluation, proper number of prototypes and reliability of test results, along with test items and evaluation criteria, are frequently discussed as sensitive agendas. In reality, however, rather than statistical judgments, the number of prototypes and tests are determined by business logic such as duration and budget. Otherwise, most theoretical studies do not adequately reflect the business logic of test assessment. In this study, we propose a number of prototype and tests method that can statistically reasonably verify the performance of the inorganic system considering the characteristics of each test and evaluation project. To this end, we consider the theory related to determining the number of prototypes and tests, and present examples by separating whether to secure the magnitude of effects that have a significant impact on statistical judgment. This study could contribute to the development of empirical methodologies that can adequately coordinate reality and theory in the field of defense test evaluation while ensuring statistical reliability of test evaluation results.

‘맹자가 아내의 무례함을 싫어하여 내쫒았다(孟子出妻)’는 이야기는 긴 역사를 통해 호사가 들의 관심을 모았다. 특히 『列女傳』, 『韓詩外傳』, 『荀子』 등 여러 문헌들 속에서는 이 고증하기 어려운 에피소드를 자신들의 논지를 강화하기 위한 하나의 전고로서 소비해왔다. 궈모뤄(郭沫若)는 역사소설 속에서 다시 이 이야기를 수양에 방해가 되는 아내의 존재를 부담스러워한 맹자의 모습으로, 그리고 그 인간적인 고뇌를 알아챈 아내가 스스로 집을 나간 것으로 재구성하였다. 그 과정에서 맹자의 고뇌, 남편에 대한 아내의 존경과 간절함, 그리고 성현이 되고자 하는 남편의 정진을 위해 선택한 희생 등 복합적인 심리들을 담아내면서 기존의 인식들을 비틀어놓았다. 亞聖으로서의 정형화된 형상을 지키기 위해 많은 이들에 의해 의도적으로 가려졌을 법한 맹자의 인간적인 모습은 궈모뤄의 서사를 통해 새롭게 다가온다. 본 논문에서 살펴본 맹자에 대한 이야기는 팩션 장르를 통해 이루어지는 고전에 대한 파격적 이해를 열어준다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있으며, 역사적 사실과 그 해석에 대한 인식의 전환이 얼마나 다양하고 유연한 이야기를 생산할 수 있는지를 시사해준다.

우리나라의 도로는 종류별로 관리주체가 서로 다르다. 고속국도는 한국도로공사, 일반국도는 건설교통부, 지방도는 광역자치단체, 시 군도는 기초자치단체에서 건설 관리 및 운영 책임을 맡고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이렇듯 관리주체가 다른 우리나라의 도로에서 발생하고 있는 교통사고발생 추세를 도로종류별로 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 과거로부터 축적된 도로종류별 교통사고건수, 사망자수, 부상자수의 자료를 기반으로 사고위험을 단순건수, 도로연장 당 건수, 그리고 대 km당 건수로 비교하였다. 그 결과 단순 건수에 의한 비교에서는 도시부 도로가 전 부문에서 가장 위험하고 고속국도는 전 부문에서 가장 안전한 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 1km당 발생건수는 일반국도가 가장 위험하고 지방도가 가장 안전한 것으로 분석되었다. 교통사고 발생률을 가장 객관적으로 비교할 수 있는 지표인 10만 차량 대 km당 비교에서는 일반국도가 가장 위험하고, 고속국도가 상대적으로 안전한 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, 도로종류별 사망자수 추세를 설명하는 시계열 분석모형을 개발한 결과 고속국도, 지방도, 도시부도로의 경우 AR(1)모형이 추세를 잘 설명 할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었고, 일반국도의 경우 ARIMA(2, 3, 0)모형이 추세를 설명할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 모형은 장래 교통안전계획의 목표치를 수립하거나 평가하는데 근거자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a more methodical and efficient means to make Korean high school students understand the usages of two French past tenses, viz passé composé and imparfait. The paper shows that these two tenses are distributed in a complementary way on textual level, and that two conceptual devices developed by Weinrich, foreground and middle ground, can be useful for the teachers' teaching skills. The paper also discusses the anaphoricity, redefined and remodulated by Berthonneau and Kleiber on the semantico-pragmatic basis, for a new means of teaching French past tenses.

To examine morphological processing of past tense in English, we set up an ERP-based experiment where the participants read stem forms of regular and irregular verbs presented by using the repetition priming paradigm: the stem forms were either preceded by their past tense forms (primed condition: walked-walk, hold-held) or by their past tense forms of unrelated verbs (unprimed condition: stayed-walk, taught-held). The difference in ERP responses between the primed and unprimed stems was taken as showing morphological priming effects. In the previous studies (e.g., Münte et al. (1999)), native speakers of English elicited the reduced N400 in regular verbs, but not in irregular verbs. However, this study found an N400 reduction in the primed condition in both regular and irregular verbs. The reduced N400 effects were also manifested in control conditions: phonological words and the regular nonce verbs. These effects show that Korean L2 learners process regular and irregular forms in an identical way, whereas native speakers processed regular and irregular forms using a dual route reported in the previous studies. To conclude, Korean L2 learners do not process morphologically as native speakers do. There are some factors that affect L2 processing. First, L1 speakers use grammatical (=morphological/syntactic) information in language processing, but L2 learners do not. According to Clahsen and Felser (2006), L2 learners' grammatical processing capacity is limited. Second, L1 is acquired implicitly by children, but L2 is learned explicitly in formal classrooms. Finally, with maturational changes, late L2 learners use a declarative memory system rather than a procedure memory system in L2 grammatical processing.

Eun-Ji Lee. 2001. Absolute/Relative Tense and Identification of Tense in Korean Predicative Clause. Studies in Modern Grammar 24, 91-109. In this paper, we examine the tense property of Korean predicative clauses. We show that subordinate clauses, regardless of whether they are nonfinite or finite, derive relative tense interpretation, whereas main clauses, which are all finite, derive absolute tense interpretation. For the case of nonfinite (subordinate) clauses, these clauses are similar to the nonfinite clauses in English. In this case, given no overt tense markers, tense is unspecified and anaphoric, yielding relative tense interpretation. In the case of finite subordinate clauses, where one of (nu)n and e/ass is present, these markers however are not tense, that is, they do not function as tense, but something else (probably aspect). Hence, tense in this case is unspecified and anaphoric, deriving relative tense interpretation. Finally, in the case of main clauses, which are always finite, (nu)n and e/ass are tense markers and function as tense. So, tense is specified, deriving absolute tense interpretation.

Lee, Sangdae. 1998. Tense and Aspect in English. Studies in Modern Grammatical theories 12, 187-214. This paper is to allow for a unified analysis of tense, and aspect, not committed to a particular theoretical framework but to a comprehensive descriptive syntax. Aspect and tense are both concerned with temporal reference, and considering that tense sometimes may imply aspectual meaning, it is difficult to distinguish between tense and aspect. The English aspect, however, deserves an independent grammatical category as it has syntactic devices to express various aspectual meanings related to non-dietic time in aspect. Aspectual meanings vary according to the distinction of count terms and mass terms, the interaction of the event quantification with the argument quantification like the subject and object, and the interaction of the event quantification with the adjunctive quantification. Therefore, to describe the tense and aspect, we should consider not the verb alone but the relations between the other grammatical categories, including subject, object, and ever adverb. Relevant contexts can reveal the relevant situations which tense and aspect represent.