This study is to discuss the characteristics of Korean by which English passives are translated into Korean actives. Cho (2005) suggests the three major characteristics of Korean responsible for the voice modulation found in English-Korean translations: i) free word order, ii) a non-subject topic in the sentence-initial position, and iii) ellipsis of subject. This statistical study, however, reveals that the first two features play no role and the third one plays a limited role. It shows that the voice modulation is significantly affected by other typological characteristics of Korean such as BECOME-language (Ikegami 1991) and high-context language (Hall 1976), and also by the use of the combination of ‘noun + delexicalized verb’ caused by lexical gaps between the two languages.

Discourse is where linguistic forms are subjected to semantic and grammatical changes through meaning negotiation between interlocuters. This paper aims to describe emergence of various grammatical items from one of discourse strategies, i.e. rhetorical questions. It shows that certain rhetorical questions are grammaticalized into various grammatical markers, and sometimes into lexical items. It claims that some of these developments exhibit the reversal of intersubjectification by losing their capabilities of directly reflecting the speaker-addressee relationship; that grammaticalization and lexicalization are not entirely discrete processes but intertwined, each even making use of certain identical processes; and that grammar and lexicon, rather than being two separate entities, form a continuum.

Ji-Ryong Lim. 2000. Aspects of the Lexicalization of Motion Events in Korean. Studies in Modern Grammar 20, 23-45. The purpose of this study is to show aspects of the lexicalization of motion events in Korean and to determine its language typological status from the viewpoint of Cognitive Linguistics. Linguistically the phenomena of motion are universal, and the constituents of concepts denoting motion events are the same, but aspects of the lexicalization of their constituents are different. Talmy (1985, 1991) distinguished between `verb-framed` and `satellite-framed` languages according to the aspects of the lexicalization of the concepts and in the frame of motion events, and argued that all the languages of the world could be categorized as either of them. In verb-framed languages like French and Spanish, and are conflated in single verbs, and is expressed by an adverbial, while in the satellite-framed languages like English and German, and are conflated in the verbs, and is expressed by satellite words. In the light of Talmy`s (1985, 1991) language typology and the lexicalization of concepts referring to motion events, Korean is neither classified as a verb-framed language, nor as a satellite-framed language. To show this, I classified motion compound verbs ending with `KATA` in terms of their meaning types, and analyze their lexicalization aspects. The results are as follows: First, such meaning information as , , , and , etc. forms a unit in the compound form `((V₃-e)V₂-e)V₁-e+KATA`. Second, the order of such conceptual units in the compound forms of `KATA` is systematically dependent on the layer structure of "CauseㆍManner