The purpose of this paper is to explore Türker (2013) in depth and analyze its significance and problems, in addition to briefly suggesting alternatives. Türker(2013) is meaningful for the following reasons: First, it is one of the few overseas studies dealing with Korean emotions. Second, it demonstrates that Korean emotion metaphors support the universality of Conceptual Metaphor Theory to a substantial extent. Third, it presents the frequency and productivity of Korean emotion metaphors based on the corpus and shows their correlation. Crucial problems with Türker (2013), however, include the following: (ⅰ) the method of selection of emotion words for the corpus analysis; (ⅱ) the selection and erroneous analysis of example sentences; (ⅲ) errors in the setting and categorizing of source domains. Consequently, given errors relating to Korean emotional metaphors in overseas journals, this paper which examines Türker (2013) in depth can offer the beginnings to prevent such errors in data and analysis from being further cited without verification of appropriacy.

This paper shows from a cognitive linguistic standpoint, how the properties of conceptual structure reflected in body language can be revealed through analysis of opposites in sign language. Commonalities and differences in sign language are also discussed through cultural comparison between the Korean and Chinese languages. The main content of this paper can be described as follows. Firstly, similarities in sign language and conceptual structure were confirmed through analysis of opposites, showing that sign language bases its functions on a conceptual system shared with vocal language. Secondly, it was found that iconicity, conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy exist in sign language, with iconicity and metaphor existing simultaneously, based on similarity, and metonymy playing a general role. Thirdly, it was hypothesized that opposites maintain their consistency due to their origin in a universal cognitive disposition of human beings. However, it was confirmed in this study that sign language does not adhere to this feature and might instead be related to the different physiology, mind patterns and socio-cultural background of Chinese and Korean users. Finally, results of contrastive analysis of Korean and Chinese sign language showed that cross-linguistic universality was more in evidence than individuality. In other words, the basic experience of space possesses the universality feature.

Ji-Ryong, Lim. 2003. The Metaphorical Conceptualisation of Basic Emotions in Korean. Studies in Modern Grammar 32, 141-167. The purpose of this study is to show metaphorical aspects of basic emotional expressions, focusing on the meaning extension of verbs, in terms of experientialism and folk models of cognitive linguistics. In this study the aspects of the metaphorical conceptualisation of basic emotions in Korean have been explored concerning six classes of verbs expressing `anger`, `fear`, `hate`, sadness`, `joy`, and `love` based on the semantic extension of a target domain by a source domain. The results of his study are as follows. First, the source domains applicable to all the basic emotions are `a fluid in a container`, `a thing`, `a plant`, and `food`. Second, such source domains as `a fluid in a container`, `a thing`, `a plant`, and `food` have a scenario of `the occurrence of an emotion` → `its growth` → `its disappearance`. Third, conceptual metaphors by `a fluid in a container`, `food`, `an enemy`, `a natural force` are based on physiological metonymy. Fourth, there are some differences in the aspects of metaphorical conceptualisation of negative emotions and positive ones.

Ji-Ryong Lim. 2000. Aspects of the Lexicalization of Motion Events in Korean. Studies in Modern Grammar 20, 23-45. The purpose of this study is to show aspects of the lexicalization of motion events in Korean and to determine its language typological status from the viewpoint of Cognitive Linguistics. Linguistically the phenomena of motion are universal, and the constituents of concepts denoting motion events are the same, but aspects of the lexicalization of their constituents are different. Talmy (1985, 1991) distinguished between `verb-framed` and `satellite-framed` languages according to the aspects of the lexicalization of the concepts and in the frame of motion events, and argued that all the languages of the world could be categorized as either of them. In verb-framed languages like French and Spanish, and are conflated in single verbs, and is expressed by an adverbial, while in the satellite-framed languages like English and German, and are conflated in the verbs, and is expressed by satellite words. In the light of Talmy`s (1985, 1991) language typology and the lexicalization of concepts referring to motion events, Korean is neither classified as a verb-framed language, nor as a satellite-framed language. To show this, I classified motion compound verbs ending with `KATA` in terms of their meaning types, and analyze their lexicalization aspects. The results are as follows: First, such meaning information as , , , and , etc. forms a unit in the compound form `((V₃-e)V₂-e)V₁-e+KATA`. Second, the order of such conceptual units in the compound forms of `KATA` is systematically dependent on the layer structure of "CauseㆍManner

Lim, Ji-Ryong & Young-Soon Kim. 1999. The Integration of the Signification and the Semiosis. Studies in Modern Grammar 18, 129-196. This study handles two important semiotical concepts, i.e., signification and semiosis, within the framework of theoretical semiotics. We have called the academic field `semiotics` as a science of signs, which consist of two elements like the signifier and the signified. According to Saussure (1916) and Hjelemslev (1943), the signified means a mental meaning and the signifier means its material. In general, the signification can be understood as the connection of mental meaning with its material and the semiosis as the process of signs. For Peirce (1931/1935) the semiosis means the action, of signs which must be interpreted. The signification and semiosis seem to be not conceptional differentiated, but correlated with each other. In this study we attempt to find out the clear interaction between the signification and the semiosis. Moreover, on the basis of this interaction we propose the integral semiotic program for the communication, which is composed of signification and semiosis.