The follicular lymphoid hyperplasia is a very rare nonneoplastic lymphoproliferative disease in the oral mucosa. Clinically, it usually presents as asymptomatic, non-ulcerated, normal-colored, soft, sessile, unilateral and slow growing mass in the posterior hard palate. Therefore, soft-tissue mass of the hard palate can be a difficult diagnostic challenge for the clinician. Herein, we report a case of follicular lymphoid hyperplasia located in the left posterior hard palate. A 40-year-old male presented a soft, non-ulcerated, painless mass of 1.5 X 1.0cm in size. Radiographically, it was no bony involvement. Histology revealed germinal center surrounding mantle zone of small lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry showed CD3,CD20 were postive but Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 were negative. The patient underwent surgical excision and 3-year follow-up has not shown any evidence of recurrence.

본고는 『삼국지』와 『삼국지평화』, 그리고 『삼국연의』에 이르기까지, 여포의 ‘義父殺害’ 고 사가 어떤 양상으로 變容되었는지 살펴보았다. 각각의 작품들은 여포와 정원·동탁과의 관계 및 그들이 여포의 손에 살해되는 과정 등을 相異하게 묘사하였기 때문에, 그 안에 내포되어 있는 여포의 배신 요인 역시 차이가 있다. 역사서 『삼국지』의 기록을 살펴보면, 여포는 “용맹하나 지모가 없는(勇而無計)” 인물로, 올 바른 정세 판단을 하거나 제대로 된 主君을 알아보지 못했다. 즉, 어리석음이 그를 배신자의 길로 이끌었다고 할 수 있겠다. 元代 『삼국지평화』는 여포의 배신에 허구를 더하여 새로운 이야기를 만들어 냈다. 이 작품 에서 정원과 동탁은 여포가 살해를 저지를 정도로 그를 극단으로 몰아붙였고, 때문에 여포의 살인은 배신이라고 하기에는 무리가 있다. 그러나 『삼국지평화』에서 여포는 反面人物이기 때 문에, 그의 살해 동기를 크게 부각시키지 않는다. 『삼국연의』의 여포는 과도한 자부심을 가진 인정욕구가 강한 인물로, 그의 판단과 행위의 준거가 되는 것은 나르시시즘(narcissism)의 만족 여부이다. 여포는 정원과 동탁으로 인해 나 르시시즘이 억압되자, 그들을 죽이는 배신을 저질렀다. 그는 나르시시즘에 빠져 자기중심적으 로 해석하고 판단했기 때문에 배신을 거듭하면서도 죄의식을 느끼지 않았다. 결국, 『삼국연의』의 유행과 영향으로 인해, 여포는 변명의 여지가 없는 ‘반성을 모르는 배 신자’로 영원히 남게 되었다.

Macrofollicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (MFV-PTC) is a rare variant of papillary carcinoma. The tumors are easily misdiagnosed as benign due to their macrofollicular structures with bland-looking cytologic findings. The author experienced a rare case of MFV-PTC with pelvic bone metastasis 10 years after initial surgery. The patient was a 55-year-old female with a history of right thyroid lobectomy. The encapsulated nodule consisted of variable sized follicles with no nuclear atypia. The initial diagnosis was a nodular hyperplasia. She had recently suffered from pelvic discomfort due to metastasizing thyroid carcinoma. The thyroid was reevaluated and revised as MFV-PTC.

the pupose of this study was to investigate the effects of gonadotropin and nitric oxide (NO) on the expression of mouse follicular bad and bax genes that are known induce apoptosis. Large and midium size follicles of immature mice were obtained at 0, 24, and 48 hours time intervals after Pregnant Mare's Serum gonadotropins(PMSG, 5 I.U.) injection. Preovulatory follicles collected at 24 hrs after PMSG injection were cultured with or without various chemicals such as gonadotropin, gonadotropin Releasing hormone(GnRH), testosterone, Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for 24 hrs at . After 24 hrs culture, the culture media was used for nitrite assay and total RNA was extracted, subjected to RT-PCT for the analyses of bad and bax expression. We found that expression of bad and bax genes in follicles was markedly reduced before and after in vivo priming with hCG. When the preovulatory follicles were cultured for 24 hrs in culture media with PMSG and hCG, the expression of bad and bax genes was decreased. Moreover, SNP (NO generating agent) can significantly suppress the expression of bad and bax genes in follicles when apoptosis was induced by GnRH agonist and testosterone. At the same time, nitrite production of culture media was increased in GnRH agonist + SNP, testosterone + SNP and SNP treated groups than control group. These data demonstrated for the first time that peptide hormones and NO may play important roles in the regulation of mouse follicular differentiation and may prevent apoptosis via supressing the expression of bad and bax genes.