This study was conducted to analyze dust mite allergen and bacterial endotoxin concentrations in the subwaycabins. For this aim, we sampled dust using a vacuum cleaner on cabin seats of subway trains operating in threeSeoul Metro Lines from April to May in 2011. The concentration of dust mite allergen and endotoxin were1,137.51±806.26ng/g and 5,742.1(4.68)EU/g, respectively. While, the concentration of dust mite allergen washigher on cabin seats of subway trains in Line B(1,487.61±930.59ng/g) than on those of trains in Lines A andC(641.9±398.3 and 1,344.9±822.4ng/g). All measurements did not exceed the National Workshop Guidelineof 2,000ng/g. While, bacterial endotoxin concentration [GM (GSD)] was higher on cabin seats of subway trainsin Line A [12,373.21(4.97EU/g)] than on those of trains in Line B and C8,520.77(3.98) and 1,631.43(1.88)EU/g. Dust mite allergen concentrations were strongly influenced by the portion of underground (on the subway line)and endotoxin concentrations were significantly correlated with the number of passengers using the subway lines.Seats for seniors and the week showed relatively higher concentrations compared to seats for general passengers.But, no significant difference of dust mite allergen and endotoxin concentrations in the subway cabins was foundrelating to seat type (p=0.451, p=0.564). There was no correlation between the dust mite allergen levels andendotoxin levels in the subway cabins (p=0.439).

Modern people have begun to have the nationwide interest in the rice wine called Makgeolri which is one of the traditional Korean alcoholic liquors. This study was performed to investigate the effects of Sansung Makgeolri extract (SM) on antioxidation together with the determination of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the progress of fermentation in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated rats. We examined the levels of SOD (superoxide dismutase),CAT (catalase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase) in liver homogenates and the histopathological observations in liver tissue. LPS-treated group markedly decreased the levels of SOD, CAT and GPx. But SM + LPS-treated group significantly increased the levels of them. Furthermore, the antioxidative effects of SM were supported by the histopathological observations in liver tissue which showed severe inflammation and necrosis in LPS-treated group,compared to the attenuated inflammation and necrosis in SM + LPS-treated group. This results suggested that SM could be a candidate of antioxidative material in spite of alcoholic liquors.

To investigate the effects of bacterial endotoxin on lipids and cytokines, and to explain the relationships between their changes, we carried out this study using experimentally Escherichia coli (E. coli) endotoxin-induced septicemic rabbits. The triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in endotoxin groups were generally high (p$lt;0.01 or 0.05) at all sampling time points (from 3hr to 24 hr), while phospholipid concentrations in endotoxin groups elevated in dose-dependent fashion at 3hr and 6hr after endotoxin injection compared to control group (p$lt;0.05). There were significant negative correlations between lipids changes and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) each other (p$lt;0.05), and endotoxic rabbits having higher triglyceride of cholesterol levels shown relatively better conditions compared with others. As a result, the alterations in the lipid compositions caused by endotoxin may imply an active exhibition of the host defense mechanism rather than the disturbances of lipid metabolism.

Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki와 aizawai의 내독소단백질을 알카리용액 또는 트립신, 곤충소화액 드응ㄹ 처리하여 전기영동한 후 단백질팬턴을 비교하였다. 두 균주의 주요 결정단백질은 130kd와 64kd의 단백질이었으며, 소화액이나 효소로 처리한 경우 공통적으로 62kd의 활성독소가 생성되었다. 그러나, aizawai는 kurstaki에 비해 현저히 적은 양의 62kd 단백질을 생성하였다. 흰불나방의 유충이 Bacillus thuringiensis 독소를 섭식하였을 때 지방체를 비롯한 몇 가지 조직에서 45kd의 스트레스 단백질이 유발되었는데 이 단백질은 열충격이나 저온 충격시에도 마찬가지로 생성되었다.

Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis H1균을 4종류의 배지에서 배지 조성 및 pH 조건에 따라서 성장 양상과 아포와 내독소 결정체 생산을 조사했다. 1. 4개의 M-배지중 pH 9인 M-3배지에서 BTT의 증식량과 내독소 결정체 및 아포 생산수가 가장 높았다. 150ml배양에서 BTT의 생산량은 3.218g이었고, 생존 아포수는 ml당 개였고, 내독소 결정체의 회수된 무게비는 20.05%였다. 2. M-1배지에서 BTT의 세대시간은 평균 47.6분이었고, M-2에서는 평균 49.6분, M-3에서는 평균 132.9분, M-4에서는 평균 110.2분이었다. 3. M-배지의 초기 pH는 72시간 배양 후에 pH 로 변화하였으며, 최적 배양 pH는 이었다.

Endotoxin from the cell wall of marine V. vulnificus was extracted using the hot phenol-water method, injected endotoxin into rat, and tested the toxic effect of endotoxin on the blood component in rat blood. The results showed that blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, white blood cell, and reticulocyte were increased and red blood cell was the same as the number of control group(normal blood), but platelet was decreased. Above results suggested that endotoxin induced a malfunction of liver and that the increase of white blood cell was for the removal of foreign toxic substance.

The toxic substances (endotoxins) from the bacterial cell walls were extracted by using incubator, centrifuge, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and their fatty acid compositions were analyze by Gas Chromatography. The lethal toxicities and pyrogenic activities of toxic substances were tested and the results were compared each other. The results of fatty acid analyses showed that the major fatty acid of the toxic substance was tetradecanoic acid for Vibrio vulnificus, dodecanoic acid for Escherichia coli and decanoic acid for Salmonella typhimurium. These three fatty acids were the main fatty acids for three toxic substances (more than 70%). The unique points in the fatty acid compositions were that tetradecanoic acid was composed as important one (37.15%) for V. vulnificus and that the amount of hexadecanoic acid was very small (below 2%) for three toxic substances. The lethal toxicity in ICR mice of toxic substance from V. vulnificus (LD_50 was 52.5 ㎎/㎏) was similar to that of E. coli (56.5 ㎎/㎏), but weaker than that of S. typhimurium (37.5 ㎎/㎏). Toxic substance from V. vulnificus was more pyrogenic in rabbit than that from E. coli, but less than that from S. typhimurium.