The flower bugs (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is usually known as biological control agents against various kinds of agricultural pests such as aphids, mites, thrips and so on. Since the classification of the family Anthocoridae has been controversial, the molecular phylogenetic study was conducted with 44 species including 6 outgroup taxa. Three genes, a total of 3277 bp of sequence data (nuclear 18S rDNA: 2022bp, 28S rDNA: 755bp, and mitochondrial 16S rDNA: 498bp), were analyzed using ML (maximum likelihood) and Bayesian methods, excluding MP (maximum parsimony) as the incongruence length difference (ILD) test has very low (0.001) P-values on all partition tests. Our results support the rank and monophyly of the family Lasiochilidae which was exclusively separated from the main clade of Anthocoridae proposed by Schuh and Stys (1991), and indicate the monophyletic relationships among tribes and genera within the family Anthocoridae. According to our results, the genus Amphiareus should be out of the tribe Dufourini and treated as the tribe level and The three genera, Blaptostethus, Scoloposcelis and Xylocoris should be placed to the family Lyctocoridae. We also propose the evolutionary theory of Anthocoridae based on their habitats, hunting behavior and the molecular phylogenetic results.

The region containing 18S rRNA gene, ITS 1 and part of the 5.8S rRNA gene of the Atractylodes japonica Koidz was amplified by PCR and the product cloned in a pBluescript SK II plasmid. DNA sequence of the cloned DNA was determined and submitted to the GenBank (accession number EU678363). Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS 1 DNA showed close similarity with the other plant species of the family Compositae. The extract of the plant materials of five different members of the family Compositae was analyzed by HPLC to detect atractylon. Extract of the A. japonica Koidz showed presence of significant amount of atractylon. However, noticeable amount of atractylon was not detected by the same analyses from the extracts of the other plants belonging to the family Compositae including Artemisia capillaris, Chrysantemum zawadskii, Eclipta prostrata or Taraxacum platycarpum.

둥굴레 유전자원의 유연관계를 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 둥굴레속 식물 수집종 10종에서 18S ribosomal RNA를 암호화하는 18S rDNA 영역의 염기서열을 결정하고 그 특성을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 둥굴레속 10종의 18S rDNA 영역 전체의 길이는 913~914bp로 비슷하였으나, 총 8개 지점에서 염기의 치환 및 결실에 의한 변이가 발생하였다. 전위는 T→C전위가 4개 지점에서 발생하였고, A→G 전위가 1개 지점에서 발생하였으며, 전좌는 C→A 전좌가 1개 지점에서 발생하여 전위가 전좌보다 5배 만큼 발생하였다. 결실은 2개 지점에서 발생하였다. 18S rDNA의 염기의 조성은 adenine 23.09~23.33%, guanine 23.33~23.52%, thymine 25.60~25.85%, cytosine 27.38~27.79%로 pyrimidine계가 purine계보다 많았다. 18S rDNA의 A + T 함량은 48.80~49.18%로 평균 48.99%였고, G+C 함량은 50.82~51.20%로 평균51.01%였다. 다중 정렬에 의해 염기서열을 비교한 결과 99.7~100% 일치하여 종간에 차이가 적었다.