In the contemporary era, 3D printing technology has become widely utilized across diverse fields, including biomedicine, industrial design, manufacturing, food processing, aerospace, and construction engineering. The inherent advantages of automation, precision, and speed associated with 3D printing have progressively led to its incorporation into road engineering. Asphalt, a temperature-responsive material that softens at high temperatures and solidifies as it cools, presents distinctive challenges and opportunities in this context. For the effective implementation of 3D printing technology in road engineering, 3D printed asphalt (3DPA) must exhibit favorable performance and printability. This requires attributes such as good fluidity, extrudability, and buildability. Furthermore, materials utilizing 3DPA for crack repair should possess high viscosity, elasticity, toughness, superior high-temperature stability, and resistance to low-temperature cracking. These characteristics ultimately contribute to enhancing pavement longevity and ensuring worker safety.

The study purpose was to investigate the jacket-fit satisfaction level of men in their 20s and 30s, using body-scanning data and a questionnaire. Thirty-five men were scanned using a 3D body scanner. The participants were divided into three groups (Small, Medium, and Large) based on their chest-circumference measurement. Their levels of satisfaction with the fit of their tailored jacket were compared by group. Chest, waist, and hip circumferences increased substantially as group size increased. The M-group was mostly satisfied with all body-site views. The S-group was especially dissatisfied with height, back width, waist circumference, and upper-arm circumference. The L-group was especially dissatisfied with waist circumference and hip circumference. The majority of the participants preferred the jacket closely fitted to their body. More than half of the participants thought finding a jacket of suitable size was difficult. When purchasing ready-to-wear jackets, the S-group and the M-group considered shoulder width important, while the L-group considered chest circumference the most important area. When evaluating the fit of ready-to-wear jackets, the L-group evaluated chest circumference, back width, and waist circumference as poor fits. The M-group evaluated sleeve length and shoulder width as poor fits, and the S-group agreed with respect to sleeve length. Body-satisfaction levels and matching jacket-satisfaction levels differed by body-size group, as did areas that need improvement. The conclusion is that size-group analysis using 3D body scanning can be utilized effectively for jacket-fit analysis. The findings of the current study can be applied to improving jacket fit among young male consumers.

This study aimed to create 3D-printed insoles for flat-footed senior men using 3D systems. 3D systems are product-manufacturing systems that use 3-dimensional technologies like 3D scanning, 3D modeling, and 3D printing. This study used a 3D scanner (NexScan2), 3D CAD programs including Rapidform, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, Nauta+ compiling program, and a 3D printer. In order to create insoles for flat-footed senior men, we analyzed horizontal sections of 3D foot scans We selected 20 flatfooted and 20 normal-footed subjects. To make the 3D insole models, we sliced nine lines on the surface of the subjects’ 3D foot scans, and plotted 144 points on the lines. We calculated the average of these 3D coordinates, then located this average within the 3D space of the AutoCAD program and created 3D sole models using the loft surface tools of the SolidWorks program. The sole models for flat feet differed from those of normal feet in the depth of the arch at the inner sideline and the big toe line. We placed the normal-footed sole model on a flat-footed sole model, and the combination of the two models resulted in the 3D insole for flat feet. We printed the 3D modeled insole using a 3D printer. The 3D printing material was an acrylic resin similar to rubber. This made the insole model flexible and wearable. This study utilized 3D systems to create 3D insoles for flat-footed seniors and this process can be applied to manufacture other items in the fashion industry as well.

Unloading operation by the unloader is dependent on the experience of the operator in the cabin. If the operator receives information about the unloading situation in the process of lifting the bucket, it is possible to prevent the collision of the bucket with the ship structure. In recent years, numerous measurement systems have become available on the market for three-dimensional surveying of objects, but they are very expensive. This study presents a high quality, low cost 3D laser scanning system designed for object recognition. The developed 3D laser scanning system is built on the base of a 2D laser sensor by the extension with a servo motor and a rotation module. In order to evaluate performance of the developed 3D laser scanning system, the developed system was applied to scan a shape of hatch and cargo holder on a cargo ship. Experimental results showed that to obtain a 3D scanning data for the area around the hatch and cargo holder.

패턴투사 방식의 3D스캐닝에서는 카메라 이미지센서의 해상도를 최대한 이용하기 위하여 Bayer pattern 등의 보간법을 사용하지 않고, 모노크롬 카메라 이미지센서의 최대 해상도에서 동기가 된 프로젝터의 주변광을 이용하여 복수 개의 영상을 얻은 다음 이를 합성하여 컬러 영상을 획득하는 방법을 사용하고 있다. 그러나 이 경우 RGB필터의 분광특 성의 차이와 카메라에 따른 분광감도의 차이 등으로 색균형(color balancing)을 맞추기 어려워 정확한 색재현의 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 카메라 이미지센서의 분광감도, 카메라의 응답특성 그리고 프로젝터의 분광분포 등을 고려 하여 완전반사체에 대한 카메라의 응답특성이 표준백색의 삼자극치가 되도록 색균형을 조절하여 모노크롬 카메라에서 컬러영상을 획득하는 방법을 제안하였으며, 이를 패턴투사 방식의 3D 스캐너에 적용하여 육안비교 및 색차비교를 통해 성능을 평가하였다.

The current fire-damage inspection and safety diagnosis has not developed from the labour and time-consuming method. Data collected through traditional safety inspection and survey methods are less quantitative and causes irregularity to the database; thus data becomes impractical for long-term maintenance and analysis. Data by 3D Scanning are more precise and quantitative in calculating the damages by a fire, the amount to repair and reinforce; furthermore, in evaluating the safety of the structure.

The local displacement in the downstream of the embankment dam has been observed since the 2nd precise inspection was investigated. It appears that this displacement is caused by the differential settlement on the different properties of the zone during the construction. Therefore, using the advanced inspection method of the 3D scanning determines whether to proceed with the displacement. In this study, reviewing a field application and analyzing results of the 3D scanning method are drowned a conclusion for improvement in the inspection and maintenance method on the Rock-fill type embankment dam.