Ainsliaea acerifolia leaves are registered with the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety as edible herbal materials in Korea, and research is underway to explore their potential in developing functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In this study, we developed an analytical method using HPLC-DAD to quantify three key compounds—chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid—in A. acerifolia leaves extract. This method has been optimized and validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), and linearity. The correlation coefficients (r²) for the calibration curves exceeded 0.9962. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.3012 and 0.9128 μg/mL for chlorogenic acid, 0.1182 and 0.3582 μg/mL for isochlorogenic acid A, and 0.2342 and 0.7098 μg/mL for 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, respectively. The net recovery rates for accuracy testing were 105.13% for chlorogenic acid, 105.37% for isochlorogenic acid A, and 100.37% for 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. All parameters assessed with this newly developed method fell within the acceptable ranges specified by ICH guidelines. These findings demonstrate that the method is robust and reliable for accurately identifying and quantifying chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in both routine analysis and large-scale extraction process of A. acerifolia leaves.

도모익산(domoic acid) 군 독소는 기억상실성 패류중독 (amnesic shellfish poison, ASP)을 유발하는 해양생물독소 이다. 도모익산은 주로 규조류 Pseudonitzchia sp. 에서 생 성되어 이매패류의 체내에 축적되어 독화된다. 우리나라 연안에서는 봄철과 가을철에 Pseudonitzchia sp.의 출현이 보고되고 있으며, 수산물 내 도모익산 군 독소의 함량 기 준을 설정하여 관리하고 있다. WHO와 EFSA에서는 선제 적 안전관리를 위하여 인체노출안전기준안을 제안하여 관 리하고 있다. 본 연구는 도모익산 군 독소의 이화학적 특 성, 분석법, 인체 노출 사례와 국내외 관리 현황 등의 자 료를 검토하여 도모익산 군 독소의 체계적인 모니터링과 안전관리의 기반을 마련하고자 수행되었다.

본 연구에서는 산 폐수에서 효율적인 산-금속이온 분리를 위한 전기투석 공정에 적용할 수 있는 1가 이온에 대한 높은 선택성을 가진 양이온 교환막의 제조에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 설폰산기를 가진 sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate (NaSS), 포스폰산기를 가진 vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) 단량체 및 가교제를 비대칭 구조의 다공성 지지체에 충진하고 in-situ 광중합을 통해 세공충진 양이온 교환막을 제조하였다. 제조된 세공충진 양이온 교환막은 상용막 대비 이온교환용량이 다소 낮았으나 실제 응용에 적합한 수준의 전기적 저항 및 기계적 물성을 나타내었다. 다양한 NaSS:VPA 몰 비율로 제조된 세공충진 양이온 교환막과 상용막(CSE, Astom, Japan)의 H+/Fe2+ 혼합용액에서의 선택투과도를 측정한 결과 NaSS:VPA = 25:75 조건에서 가장 우수한 선택투과도를 확인하였으며 이는 상용막 대비 10 이상 높은 값이었다. 또한 최적 조건의 제조막 을 이용한 H+/Fe2+ 혼합용액의 전기투석 결과 상용막 대비 우수한 산-금속 이온 분리 성능을 확인할 수 있었다. 이온전도성이 우수한 설폰산기와 금속이온에 대한 결합력이 강한 포스폰산을 함께 도입한 양이온 교환막은 Fe2+ 이외에도 산 폐액으로부터 다양한 유가 금속이온을 분리하는 데 효과적일 것으로 기대된다.

이 연구에서는 해양폐기물인 해조류에서 추출된 알긴산을 혼입하여 모르타르의 압축강도 특성을 분석하였다. 알긴산은 해양폐기물 중 해조류의 성분 중 하나로 라텍스와 비슷한 성분을 띄고 있으며, 방수성 성질이 있어 포장용 콘크리트에 활용 시 콘크리트의 수명 을 연장하고 파손 방지에 도움이 된다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 기존에 널리 사용되고 있는 라텍스 콘크리트에 알긴산을 혼입한 라텍스 콘크리트 개발의 일환으로 알긴산 혼입 라텍스 모르타르의 역학적 특성에 대한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 실험결과, 알긴산 혼입량 증가에 따른 응결은 빨라지는 경향을 나타내었으며, 압축강도는 저하하는 경향을 나타내었다.

Drought stress is one of the major factors that reduce plant growth and productivity. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of exogenous acetic acid pretreatment on drought stress tolerance response in plants. Fourteen-day-old alfalfa plants were pretreated with 15 mM acetic acid, and then subsequently subjected to drought stress for 6 days. The fresh weight and relative water content in the leaves of acetic acid pretreated alfalfa plants were increased compared to the control group. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were slightly decreased in the acetic acid treatment. The H2O2 and proline contents were also significantly decreased in the acetic acid treatment. These results suggest that the scavenging mechanism of reactive oxygen species in alfalfa activated by acetic acid pretreatment is involved in conferring tolerance to drought stress.

This study investigates the role of the NAC transcription factor ANAC032 in regulating abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent stress responses and its involvement in sugar signaling pathways. Arabidopsis seedlings with overexpressed or knock-out ANAC032 were examined for their sensitivity to ABA, glucose, and fluridone to elucidate the functional role of ANAC032 in ABA and high glucose-mediated growth retardation. Our results showed that ANAC032 negatively regulates ABA responses, as ANAC-overexpressing plants exhibited higher ABA sensitivity, while anac032 mutants were less sensitive. Under high glucose conditions, anac032 mutants demonstrated hyposensitivity, with germination rates higher than wild-type and ANAC032-overexpressing plants. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid screening identified three NAC proteins, ANAC020, ANAC064, and ANAC074, interact with ANAC032. These findings highlight ANAC032’s role in stress signaling pathways and its potential interactions with other NAC proteins, contributing to a better understanding of transcriptional regulation in plant stress responses and possibly expanding to forage crop development.

본 연구는 Diode Array Detector (DAD)가 장착된 고성능 액체 크로마토그래피(HPLC)를 이용하여 산초나무 잎에 함유된 chlorogenic acid와 hesperidin을 동시에 분석할 수 있는 표준 정량법 개발을 확립하고자 실시하였다. 산초나무 잎의 chlorogenic acid와 hesperidin은 MS/MS 분석 및 표준물질과의 유지시간(RT), UV 흡광도 비교를 통해 확인하였고, 산초나무 잎의 지표물질로 선정하였다. 개발한 분석방법은 지표물질을 대상으로 특이성, 정확성, 정밀도, 검출한계, 정량한계, 선형성에 대해 최적화하고 검증하였다. HPLC 분석으로 두 화합물에 대한 검량선은 각각 0.99% 이상의 높은 상관계수(r2)를 보였다. Chlorogenic acid의 전체 회수율은 106.82%이었고, hesperidin의 전체 회수율은 107.37%였다. Chlorogenic acid의 검출한계(LOD)는 0.271μg/ml, Hesperidin의 검출한계(LOD)는 0.005μg/ml였다. Chlorogenic acid의 일간정밀도는 0.102% (RSD%), Hesperidin의 일간정밀도는 1.038% (RSD%)였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 HPLC-DAD 분석방법은 기능성 원료 인정을 위한 분석기준을 충족하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 확립한 HPLC 분석법은 향후 산초나무 잎에서 유래한 생리활성물질의 대량추출 및 관련제품을 개발할 때 원료 표준화에 적용가능할 것이다.

구절초(Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitam.)는 linarin, chlorogenic acid 등의 유용성분들을 함유하고 있으며, 산업적으 로 이용가치가 있는 식물이다. 구절초의 산업화를 위해 유용성분인 linarin과 chlorogenic acid의 최적 추출 조건을 구하기 위해 반응표면분석을 수행하였으며, Linarin의 최적 추출 조건은 에탄올 농도 100%, 추출 시간 30h, 추출 온도 75℃였다. 최적 추출 조건에서 예상된 linarin의 값은 33.36 mg/g였으며 실험값은 38.33±2.66 mg/g였다. Chlorogenic acid의 최적 추출 조건은 에탄올 농도 48%, 추출 시간 30h, 추출 온도 65℃로 예상된 chlorogenic acid의 함량은 42.19 mg/g였으며 실험값은 44.34±2.09 mg/g이었다. 반응표면분석법으로 도출된 최적 추출 조건을 통해 구절초에서 linarin과 chlorogenic acid의 효율적인 추출이 가능함을 확인하였다.

2011년 일본 후쿠시마 원자력발전소 사고로 인해 130만 톤 이상의 방사능 오염수가 발생하였고, 2023년부터 일본 정부는 다량 의 오염수를 바다로 방류하고 있다. 이 사고는 해양방사능 오염에 대한 우려와 해산물 섭취에 대한 불안감을 증가시켰으며, 특히 수산물 소비량이 높은 우리나라에서 방사선감수성이 높은 어린이와 태아에게 미치는 영향에 대한 걱정 등을 야기시켰다. 이러한 해양 방사능 오 염 사태를 포함한 다양한 해양 방사능 누출 사고에 대비하기 위해 방사선 방호물질에 대한 연구의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 천연 방사선 방호제는 화학적 방사선방호제에 비해 부작용이 적고 상용화가 용이하다. 따라서 본 연구는 천연 항산화물질인 엽산과 α-토코페롤 혼합 물이 방사선으로부터 생체를 보호하는 기능을 확인하고자 하였다. 실험은 방사선감수성이 높은 태아를 대상으로 하기 위하여 Spraque-Dawley rat (SD rat)을 사용하여 임신을 유도하였으며, 출산 후 2세대의 골격계, 혈액분석, 체중, 비장, 뇌 및 소장을 관찰하였다. 혈 액분석과 소장의 융모길이, 대뇌피질 두께 측정에서 혼합물 투여 후 방사선조사군이 비교군(방사선조사군)에 비해 유의미한 회복(p<0.05) 을 보였으며, 이는 엽산과 α-토코페롤 혼합물이 해양 방사능 오염 환경에서 생체 내 방사선방호에 효과적임을 시사한다.

To develop farm-made high effective vinegar, this study prepared apple vinegar using four kinds of acetic acid bacteria isolated from a natural fermentation liquid of ‘Cheongsoo’ grapes and analyzed vinegar samples fermented 93% apple juice and 7% alcohols at 30℃ for 20 days. To accomplish this, quality characteristics such as pH, total acidity, reducing sugar, organic acid, color, total polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activity contents were determined. The pH decreased while total acidity of all samples gradually increased during fermentation period. The vinegar with AP 21 strain tended to increase the total acidity quicker than other stains. Reduced sugar content remained high until the last fermentation day. Furthermore, reduced sugar contents of all vinegars increased as fermentation progressed by decomposing sucrose present in apples. When physiological activities were compared, apple vinegars fermented with AP 21 and 30 strains had higher total polyphenol and flavonoid contents than other samples. However, there was no significant difference in antioxidant activity between samples. These results indicate that strain 21 is the most suitable starter as acetic acid bacteria for producing farm-made vinegar.

In the present study, a novel pH-sensitive hydrogel composite of pectin-grafted-poly (acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid)/MWCNTs- COOH was prepared by using graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and itaconic acid on pectin backbone with incorporation of MWCNTS- COOH. The prepared hydrogel composite has been employed for the adsorption and controlled release of the diclofenac sodium (DS) drug. The hydrogel composite was characterized by the analysis methods: FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA to analyze structural characteristics before and after DS drug adsorption. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel composite was investigated at different pH values from pH 1.2 to 10. According to the results, the swelling ratio of the hydrogel composite was found 4195% at pH 7.4. Adsorption process parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature were investigated and found to have a significant influence on DS drug adsorption. The maximum DS drug loading through adsorption of 91% was obtained at pH 3, adsorbent dose of 0.05 g, contact time of 150 min, and temperature of 15 °C. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic results were well-fitted to Freundlich and second-order models. Thermodynamic parameters including changes in Gibb’s free energy, enthalpy, and entropy suggested that the adsorption of DS drug onto hydrogel composite was a spontaneous and exothermic process. The in vitro drug release experiment showed that the cumulative release of DS drug from hydrogel composite after 35 h was significantly higher in simulated intestinal fluid at pH 7.4 than in simulated gastric fluid at pH 1.2.

A phenylboric acid functionalized carbon dot (2-FPBA-CD) for rapid fluorescent sensing of glucose in blood was synthesized by simply mixing N, S-doped carbon dots (CDs) with phenylboric acid at room temperature. At pH 7.4, the response of 2-FPBA-CD to glucose could reach equilibrium in a very short time (10 min), with a wide responsive linear range of 19.70 μM to 2.54 mM, which can be applied to the detection of glucose in serum. The mechanism studies showed that the layered carbon film of 2-FPBA-CD aggregated after adding glucose, thereby leading to the fluorescence quenching of 2-FPBA-CD.

This study aimed to develop an efficient recycling process for wastewater generated from soil-washing used to remediate uranium (U(VI))-contaminated soil. Under acidic conditions, U(VI) ions leached from the soil were precipitated and separated through neutralization using hydrazine (N2H4). N2H4, employed as a pH adjuster, was decomposed into nitrogen gas (N2), water (H2O), and hydrogen ions (H+) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The residual N2H4 was precipitated when the pH was adjusted using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to recycle the wastewater in the soil-washing process. This purified wastewater was reused in the soil-washing process for a total of ten cycles. The results confirmed that the soil-washing performance for U(VI)-contaminated soil was maintained when using recycled wastewater. All in all, this study proposes an efficient recycling process for wastewater generated during the remediation of U(VI)-contaminated soil.

Ischemic stroke is a high mortality disease that causes irreversible damage. Chlorogenic acid is a polyphenolic substance with neuroprotective properties. Bcl-2 family proteins perform a critical role in apoptosis process. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are anti-apoptotic proteins that prevent cell death, and Bax and Bad are pro-apoptotic proteins that promote apoptosis. We investigated whether chlorogenic acid modulates Bcl-2 family proteins during focal cerebral ischemia. We made a rat model of ischemic stroke by performing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Chlorogenic acid (30 mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline was treated via intraperitoneal injection 2 hr before MCAO. Neurological behavioral tests were performed 24 hr after MCAO damage and cortical tissues were collected. Reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to observe changes in Bcl-2 family proteins expression. MCAO-damage induced neurobehavioral disorders and chlorogenic acid alleviate these deficits. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expressions were decreased and Bax and Bad expressions were increased in MCAO animals. However, chlorogenic acid treatment attenuated the decrease of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and the increase of Bad and Bax due to MCAO surgery. Moreover, chlorogenic acid treatment attenuated MCAO-induced upregulation of caspase-3. These findings suggest that chlorogenic acid exerts neuroprotective effects against MCAO damage by regulating Bcl-2 family proteins including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, and Bad.

The separation of zirconium and hafnium using tributyl phosphate (TBP)-Dodecane extractants in nitric acid medium was performed. Zirconium oxychloride, used as extraction feed, was obtained from the synthesis of Kalimantan zircon sand concentrate smelted using NaOH. The extraction process was carried out by dissolving chloride-based metals in nitric acid media in the presence of sodium nitrate using TBP-Dodecane as an extractant. Some of the extraction parameters carried out in this study include variations in organic phase and aqueous phase (O/A), variations in contact time, and variations in nitric acid concentration. Extraction was carried out using a mechanical shaker according to the parameter conditions. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used for elemental (Zr and Hf) composition analysis of the aqueous solution. The results showed that zirconium was separated from hafnium at optimum conditions with an organic/aqueous ratio of 1:5, contact time of 75 min, and an HNO3 concentration of 7 M. The resulting separation factor of zirconium and hafnium using TBP-Dodecane was 14.4887.

This review explores the potential of pillared bentonite materials as solid acid catalysts for synthesizing diethyl ether, a promising renewable energy source. Diethyl ether offers numerous environmental benefits over fossil fuels, such as lower emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon oxides (COx) gases and enhanced fuel properties, like high volatility and low flash point. Generally, the synthesis of diethyl ether employs homogeneous acid catalysts, which pose environmental impacts and operational challenges. This review discusses bentonite, a naturally occurring alumina silicate, as a heterogeneous acid catalyst due to its significant cation exchange capacity, porosity, and ability to undergo modifications such as pillarization. Pillarization involves intercalating polyhydroxy cations into the bentonite structure, enhancing surface area, acidity, and thermal stability. Despite the potential advantages, challenges remain in optimizing the yield and selectivity of diethyl ether production using pillared bentonite. The review highlights the need for further research using various metal oxides in the pillarization process to enhance surface properties and acidity characteristics, thereby improving the catalytic performance of bentonite for the synthesis of diethyl ether. This development could lead to more efficient, environmentally friendly synthesis processes, aligning with sustainable energy goals.