WAIS in South Korea and WEU Inc. in Philadelphia hosting the 22nd World Peace Island Forum: Remembering Jeju King Cherry Trees Bio-diplomacy (1943) in Washington D.C. and the first Korean Congress Democracy (1919) in Philadelphia which organized by the Korean Provisional Government from March 22 to 24, 2022. We want to propose cultural historic events which connect American and Korean society, such as the Trip to Faith and Liberty Hall that relate to the integration processes of Korean and American Democracy. Dean Max Friedman of American University calls the Jeju King cherry trees cultural event bio-diplomacy among world citizens. In addition, the Korean embassy evaluated the cherry tree event as a new kind of bio-diplomacy approach which paves the way for understanding different cultures in different countries. The aim of this paper is to share present contexts and meanings about both the first Korean Congress Democracy (1919) and Bio-diplomacy (1943). We had also the 2022 GAN Korea Jeju to Philadelphia Webinar Conference: Diversity as a New Diversity for Global Ageing Network in New Normal: Jeju Village Healing, PASSi Asian Culture, Japanese Indigenous Peace Culture, and Busan Smart Health Care approach.

본 연구에서는 아시아·태평양전쟁 시기 대한민국 임시정부의 군사외교를 통한 대외적 자율성 확보 정책을 분석하였다. 아시아·태평양전쟁은 임시정 부의 활동 공간을 확장시켰다. 전쟁이 발발하자 임시정부는 중국으로부터 한국광복군에 대한 자주성을 회복하고, 미국·영국 등 연합국과 군사합작을 통해 전후 승전국의 지위를 얻고자 하였다. 미국과 영국은 정치적으로는 임시정부를 승인하지 않았으나 군사적으로는 임시정부와 협력관계를 유지 하고자 하였다. 임시정부에서 추진했던 군사외교활동이 국가의 대외적 자 율성 확보 측면에서 갖는 함의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대외적 자율성 확보 를 위해서는 대내적 환경의 안정성이 선결되어야 한다. 둘째, 대외환경의 변화는 대외적 자율성을 추구하기 위한 기회이자 위협요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 셋째, 강대국과의 이해관계가 일치되는 요소는 대외적 자율성 확보 에 유리하게 작용한다. 임시정부는 아시아·태평양전쟁이라는 기회를 활용 하여 최종적으로 임시정부에 대한 연합국의 승인을 얻어내고자 하였다.

If we patiently continue to share our vision and to strengthen our solidarity among us who know already something about Jeju 4.3 Grand Tragedy during ‘peacetime’ Korea, we may be able to accomplish something when these few victims are still alive. I sincerely hope that the dream Dr. Martin Luther King announced at the march of Washington D.C. in 1963 be realized also to the victims of Jeju 4·3. A dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low. The rough places will be plain and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

We overview and discuss the IAU today from the viewpoint of its regions based on historical and statis- tical data, and consider the status and future of astronomy in the Asian-Pacific region. New activities of the IAU, the Office of Astronomy for Development (OAD) and the Office for Astronomy Outreach (OAO) for the future evolution of astronomy are introduced. We also review the recent developments in astron- omy in the Asian-Pacific region, and emphasize the importance of regional cooperation and coordination for the future.

“Broadway” is a powerful brand to audiences around the world, particularly in non-Englishspeaking areas. Also, each show should develop its own brand. It is mutually beneficial for both the original producer and the local producer or presenter to expand the international production network. However, the theatre industry has hardly examined this relationship closely enough or developed the mechanisms of international business. This research discusses how the theatrical markets in non-English-speaking areas have developed and what the benefits and obstacles are in bringing Broadway shows into those areas. Moreover, it would discover a better way to solve the problems and develop more effective ways for Broadway shows to branch out into foreign markets, especially Asian-Pacific areas including South Korea.

동아시아 여름몬순의 강도와 북서태평양 여름몬순의 강도는 음의 상관을 갖는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 여기서 우리는 이 관계를 이용하여 북동아시아 여름철 강수의 잠재예측성을 조사하였다. 북서태평양 아열대 고기압은 북서태평양 여름몬순을 적절히 나타내며, 북서태평양-동아시아 지역 여름철 기후편차에 주된 성분이다. 그리고 북서태평양 아열대고기압 변동성을 이용한 북동아시아 여름철 강수 편차의 추정값은 북서태평양 여름몬순지수를 이용하는 것보다 더 낫다.

The observed relationships between the Asian summer monsoon and the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the northwestern Pacific (NW Pacific) are verified using the intermediate complexity global climate model (GCM) (Planet Simulator: PLASIM). The climate responses over Asia for the monsoon season to forcing from NW Pacific SST anomalies are simulated in the GCM with the enhanced SST anomalies in the NW Pacific for the pre-monsoon season compared to climatological SST. During the pre-monsoon season, the enhanced SST anomalies result in an increase in lower-level convection and precipitation in the NW Pacific. A significantly weakened Indian summer monsoon is simulated for the enhanced SST experiment in the NW Pacific for the pre-monsoon season (p-value＜0.05). PLASIM dose a good job at representing the observed patterns of zonally averaged surface temperature, precipitation, and 850 hPa u-wind, although with some regional differences from observations (p-values of zonal correlation coefficients＜0.01).