This study was carried out to compare the actual size(length and height) of ovaries, follicles and corpora lutea of Korean native cow with those on sonograms. We used 3 different probes(3.5 MHz abdominal probe, 6.5 MHz transvaginal probe and 5.0 MHz transrectal probe) and a calipher for measurements of ovaries, follicles and corpora lutea on sonograms and actual size. Under water immersion, 157 ovaries were scanned with 3 probes and measured in actual size and compared each other. The average height and width of ovaries of Korean native cows were 17.403.99 and 34.236.02mm, respectively. In comparison of height, length of ovaries and preovulation follicles, we found that image with a transvaginal probe was nearly the same as the actual size(p<0.01), but with an abdominal probe the image was appeared larger than the actual size. In measurement(diameter) of preovulation follicles the transvaginal probe was proven to be more accurate to the actual size than other probes and in corpus luteum measurement all probes were accurate. In the comparison of number of follicles by different size ranges, there was no statistical difference in the count of follicles over 10 mm in diameter between the transvaginal probe and naked eyes.

The present study was carried out to produce in vitro fertilized embryos with immature follicular oocytes collected by transvaginal aspiration from Holstein cows. A simple aspiration apparatus consists of two stainless steel tubes, an inner tube (needle holder; 1.2cmdiameter, 55cm long) and an outer tube (1.5cm diameter, 4Scm long), and a hand-operated vacuum pump was used. Under epidural anesthesia, the needle guide was passed into the vagina of the cow to a point next to the cervix. An ovary was placed against the wall of the vagina over the end of the aspiration needle by rectal manipulation. As the needlepassed into the ovary, an assistant was asked to apply vacuum(l00mrnHg) and the ovary was manipulated back and forth in all directions over the needle. When all sites of the ovary was aspirated, the needle was withdrawn and the needle guide was moved to the other side of ovary and the procedure was repeated. When the oocyte aspiration procedure was finished, collected fluid was transported to laboratory. Oocytes surrounded with at least 1 layer of cumulus cells were matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro. The results were as follows; Ninety seven oocytes were collected by transvaginal aspiration from seventeen Holstein cows(5.7 /head). The number of oocytes surrounded with at least 1 layer of cumulus cells were 60(61.9%). Following in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture, the cleavage and development rate to morula+blastocyst were 83.3% and 30.0%, respectively. From this study, transferable in vitro fertilized embryos could be produced with imma- ture follicular oocytes collected by transvaginal aspiration from Holstein cows using a simple aspiration apparatus

To improve the efficiency of in vitro production of embryos with follicular oocytes in Korean Native cows, the recovery rates, in vitro maturation, fertilization and development, and the time required for collecting and processing oocytes by aspiration with or without slicing were evaluated comparatively. The ovaries were obtained from a local abattoir and placed in physiological saline at 25~28 and brought to the laboratory within 3 hrs. The oocytes were collected by aspiration of follicles(2~6mm) with or without slicing ovaries after aspiration, and classified into Grade I, Grade II, Denuded, Expanded oocytes by the morphology of cumulus cells attached and the homogeneity of cytoplasmic granules. Also the time required for each step of collecting and processing oocytes were measured. The cumulus cells were removed in some Grade I oocytes to measure their size and nuclear configuration before and after in vitro maturation. The Grade I oocytes were matured in vitro(IVM) for 24 hrs. in TGM-199 supplemented with 35g /ml FSH, 10g /ml LH, 1 g /ml at 39 under 5% C02 in air. They were fertilized in vitro(IVF) by epididymal spermatozoa treated with heparin for 24hrs. and then the zygotes were cocultured in vitro (IVC) with bovine oviductal epithelial cells for 10 days. The results obtained were as follows: The number of oocytes recovered per ovary was averaged 6.6 by aspiration and 11.2 by slicing post aspiration, which summed to 17.8. The number of Grade I oocytes recovered per ovary was averaged 3.1 by aspiration and 3.6 by slicing, which summed to 6.7. The percentage of Grade I to total oocytes recovered was significantly(P<0.05) higher as 48.0 % in aspiration than 31.6% in slicing post aspiration. The time requlred for recovering a Grade I oocyte by aspiration and slicing was 1.1 and 2.5 min, respectively. The mean diameter of Grade I oocytes by aspiration and slicing was similar as 148.7 and 151.5m, respectively. The percentage of Metaphase II stage oocytes after IVM for 24 hours was significantly (P

관상동맥 스텐트 혈전증 치료에 있어서 혈소판 당단백 IIb/IIIa 수용체 차단제와 카테터를 이용한 혈전 흡입술을 동시에 시행한 경우의 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 2008년 07월부터 2017년 07월까지의 일대학교병원 심혈관센터에서 경피적 관상동맥 스텐트 삽입술 후 관상동맥 조영술에서 스텐트 혈전증이 발생한 환자 267명(64.6±12.1년, 187남자) 그룹 I(혈전용해술과 혈전흡입술 동시 시행한 경우, n=32명), 그룹 II (혈전용해술이나 혈전흡입술 한 가지만 시행한 경우 혹은 둘 다 시행하지 않은 경우, n=235명)로 분류하여 주요심장사건, 사망 발생률, 표적병변 재개통술 그리고 스텐트 혈전 등을 1 년동안 추적 관찰하였다. 두 군 간에 임상 특성에서 연령(그룹I: 60.8±12.9 vs. 그룹II: 65.1±11.9, p=0.603), 남성(그룹I: 75.0% vs. 그룹II: 69. 4%, p=0.681), 좌심실구혈율(그룹I: 58.1±9.0 vs. 그룹II: 59.5±11.9, p=0.127)등 양군 간에 차이는 없었다. 주요 심장사건은 두 군간에 차이를 보이지 않았으나(그룹I: 12.5% vs. 그룹II: 23.8%, p=0.180), 세부적으로 살펴보면 사망발생률(그룹I: 0% vs. 그룹II: 13.2%, p=0.034), 표적병변 재개통술(그룹I: 9.4% vs. 그룹II: 6.4%, p=0.4 61) 그리고 스텐트 혈전증(그룹I: 3.1% vs. 그룹II: 4.7%, p=1000)으로, 사망발생률은 혈소판 당단백 IIb/IIIa 수용체 차단제와 혈전흡입술을 동시에 시행한 군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 결론적으로, 관상동맥 스텐트 혈전증 치료에 있어 혈전용해술과 혈전흡입술을 동시 시행하는 경우에 비교군보다 사망 발생율을 감소시켰다.

Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration can cause serious health problems in individuals of all age groups and requires immediate diagnosis and intervention. Patients with psychiatric disorders can aspirate foreign objects that may pose a danger to their health. Herein, we report on a case of curtain clip aspiration in a 44-year-old man with mental retardation. Chest radiography and bronchoscopy showed a sharp, pointed, S-shaped curtain clip inversely lodged in his left main bronchus. The curtain clip was removed successfully using flexible bronchoscopy, and no complications were noted.

This study attempted to verify the possibility of using germ cell aspiration (GCA) method as a non-fatal technique in studying the life-history of equilateral venus, Gomphina veneriformis (Veneridae) and granular ark, Tegillarca granosa (Arcidae). Using twenty-six gauge 1/2" (12.7mm) needle, GCA was carried out in equilateral venus through external ligament. In granular ark, GCA was performed by preventing closure of the shells by inserting a tongue depressor between the shells while still open. The success rate of sex identification using the GCA method was 95.6% for the equilateral venus (n=650/680) and 94.3% for the granular ark (n=707/750). Mortality of equilateral venus, which spent 33 days under wild conditions, was 13.8% (n=90/650) while the mortality of granular ark, which spent 390 days under wild conditions, was 2.4% (n=17/707). Although we believe that GCA does not appear to cause death in equilateral venus or granular ark, the success rate in employing of this methodology may differ depending on the level of proficiency of the researcher and reproductive stage of the bivalve. This study concludes that GCA is a convenient non-fatal methodology, which can be employed to identify sex and investigate gonadal maturity in Gomphina veneriformis and Tegillarca granosa.