We present a new tool for studying the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of galaxies and star clusters, BINARY STAR TO FIT (BS2fit). A key feature of this tool is that it takes the eects of binaries, stellar rotation and star formation history into account. It can be used to determine many parameters, including distance, extinction, binary fraction, rotational star fraction, and star formation history. Because more factors are included than in previous tools, BS2fit can potentially give new insight into the properties of galaxies and clusters. One can contact the authors for cooperation and helps via.

This study investigates the paste mixing of positive active materials which, affect the life cycle of batteries in Pb-Ca-Sn grids, and generation of 4BS in a curing process and considers the effects of these things on the initial charge characteristics and life cycle. In the results of the experiments applied in this study, it was possible to reduce the curing time in which the fine 4BS was formed by the mixing of the positive active materials of lead acid battery applied at high temperature compared to that of the existing coarse 4BS and that represented some improvements in the life cycle performance.

The purpose of this study is to carry out comparative analysis of the differences between the trend of biometrics-related system(security) standardization in the world and that of Korea, and to suggest ideal directions and building plans for domestic biometrics industry. Its purpose also includes constructing promptly a standardization of domestic biometrics industry based on the suggested standards.

Common wheat has complex genome composition of homoeologous hexaploid (AABBDD, 2n = 6x = 42) and each homoeologous genome has high similarity. Due to these complexity, wheat genome study is a large challenge to researchers for genomic and genetic study. We analyzed expressions of individual wheat genome and rye genome specific transcripts using custom array with 2BS.2RL wheat-rye translcoation. Genomic probes were synthesized within each diploid progenitors (AA, BB, DD, 2n = 14, respectively) of wheat, common wheat, and rye (RR, 2n = 14). Total RNA isolated from seedlings of T. urartu, Ae. speltoides, Ae. squarrosa, ‘Chinese Spring’, ‘Chaupon’, and 2BS.2RL were hybridized on arrays. Each homoeologous gene differentially expressed in hexaploid wheat and rye were identified on the custom array and the transcripts were clustered based on hybridization values. qRT-PCR was performed to verify the custom array result with a set of five genes by highly replicated experiments (three biological and three technical replications). The qRT-PCR results demonstrated genome specific expression of five genes in sympathy with array results. Here we provide information of each individual genome specific transcripts and it will we a useful data to study complex wheat genome compositions.

Hamlet (PI549276) possessing 2RL was obtained by cross between a wheat cultivar ND7532 (Froid/Centurk) and a rye cultivar Chaupon. Chaupon was known to have resistant gene to biotype L of Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] larvae. The wheat-rye translocation line (Coker797*4/Hamlet) was also known to be resistant to biotype L of Hessian fly larvae. We analysed a set of 96 ESTs from the wheat-rye translocation line (2BS/2RL). ESTs were classified by various physiological processings, such as primary metabolism, secondary metabolism, transcription, translation, transport, signal transduction, defense, transposable element, and others. Three sequences encoding thioredoxin peroxidase, 26S rRNA, and rubisco small subunits were homologous to registered genes in rye. Although limited number of clones were used to develop ESTs, these clones and their sequence information may be useful for researchers studying general physiology and molecular biology on the translocation line.