Nasopharyngeal stenosis (NPS) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition in cats, capable of causing complete upper airway obstruction in severe cases. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser staphylectomy provides precise tissue ablation with minimal collateral thermal injury; however, restenosis could occur when used as a sole treatment modality. Balloon dilation can temporarily restore luminal patency, yet recurrence rates remain high when performed alone. This report describes an 8-month-old Korean Shorthair cat with complete nasopharyngeal stenosis that underwent CO₂ laser ablation as an initial intervention, followed by rapid restenosis within three days. A second procedure combining CO₂ laser ablation with endoscopic balloon dilation achieved short-term maintenance of nasopharyngeal patency. These findings suggest that, in cases of complete stenosis with a high risk of recurrence, a multimodal approach may be more effective than single-modality treatment.

This study analyzed changes in annual growth and carbon dioxide uptake before and after planting of four major deciduous broadleaf tree species (Prunus serrulata Var. spontanea, Zelkova serrata, Chionanthus retusus, and Quercus acutissima) planted as part of the Geumgang Riverside Ecological Belt Development Project. The study site was selected as an ecologically restored site that had been established for at least 10 years. The diameter at breast height and tree age were measured, and annual growth rates were calculated through tree ring analysis. Based on these data, annual carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake was estimated using the IPCC (2006) formula. The study results showed that all four species experienced a sharp decline in growth immediately after planting, followed by a gradual recovery, though the timeframes varied for each species. Based on the growth analysis results, the average annual CO2 uptake by species was calculated to range from 5.48 to 14.38 kg CO2 y-1, with cherry trees showing the highest values. CO2 uptake before and after planting increased for all four species, with the rate of increase accelerating over time. Furthermore, the time required to recover or exceed the CO2 absorption level before planting varied depending on the tree species, ranging from two years at the shortest to six years at the longest. The zelkova tree took the longest at six years. As such, tree growth is a crucial factor influencing annual CO2 absorption, demonstrating the need to differentiate management periods based on the growth characteristics and recovery rate of each tree species. In particular, trees in urban and riparian ecological restoration areas provide not only direct carbon absorption but also indirect greenhouse gas reduction effects, such as heat island mitigation and energy savings. Therefore, they can serve as important baseline data for establishing future management strategies for urban forests and ecological restoration areas.

본 연구에서는 페나진(phenazine) 구조를 갖는 고분자인 PIM-7을 합성하고, 그 특성과 전기화학적 거동을 평가하 여 CO2 포집을 위한 산화·환원 활성 고분자 플랫폼으로서의 가능성을 검토하였다. 합성 과정에서는 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy- 3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-1,1'-spirobisindane의 케톤화 유도체(TTSBI-ketone)를 아세톤 재결정으로 정제하여 순도를 향상시 켰으며, 이를 통해 단계성장 중합이 안정적으로 진행되었다. 최종 고분자의 구조는 FT-IR 및 NMR 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 질소 흡착 분석 결과, PIM-7은 약 519 m2/g의 높은 BET 비표면적을 보여 기체 접근성이 좋은 미세다공성 골격을 형성하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 cyclic voltammetry 측정에서는 CO2가 존재할 때 PIM-7 복합 필름의 환원 전류가 선택적으로 증 가하는 현상이 관찰되었으며, 이는 환원된 페나진 중심과 CO2 사이의 상호작용에 따른 것으로 해석된다. 이러한 CO2 반응성 은 여러 주사 속도와 반복 측정 조건에서도 일관되게 유지되었고, 이는 해당 산화·환원-CO2 상호작용이 단순 표면 현상이 아 니라 고분자 자체의 고유한 특성임을 보여준다. 이와 같은 결과는 PIM-7이 고체 상태에서 전기적으로 제어 가능하며, 미세다 공성을 갖춘 산화·환원 기반 CO2 포집 소재로 활용될 수 있음을 제시한다.

전기화학적 탄소 포집은 에너지 집약적인 열역학적 공정에 대한 유망한 대안으로, 등온 운전 및 재생 에너지원과 의 통합을 가능하게 한다. 그러나 주로 드롭 캐스팅 기술에 의존하는 현재의 전극 제조 방식은 확장성을 제한하고 활물질과 전도성 물질 사이의 불균일한 계면으로 인해 전도 경로의 효율을 저해한다. 본 연구에서는 확장 가능한 전기화학적 탄소 포집 응용 분야를 위해 전기화학적 CO2 반응 특성을 가짐과 동시에 용액 공정이 가능하고 산화-환원 활성을 가지는 폴리이미드 (redox-active polyimides, RAP)의 첫 번째 사례를 보고한다. 합성된 RAP는 N-메틸-2-피롤리돈(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP) 및 N,N-디메틸포름아미드(N,N-dimethylformamide, DMF)와 같은 유기 용매에서 우수한 용액 가공성을 보였으며, 용해도는 산화-환원 활성 유닛을 가지는 단량체의 조성에 따라 달랐다. 질소 및 이산화탄소 포화 조건에서 수행된 순환 전압전류법 실 험을 통해 CO2 대기 조건에서 반파 전위의 뚜렷한 변화를 관찰하였으며, 이는 RAP의 CO2 분자와의 반응성을 입증해주는 결 과이다. 용액 가공성, 산화-환원 활성, CO2 반응성의 조합은 RAP를 대규모 전기화학적 탄소 포집 시스템에서 활용 가능한 유 망한 후보로 자리매김하여 효과적인 CO2 제거 성능을 유지하면서 전극 호환성과 제조 확장성 측면에서 중요한 과제를 해결 할 수 있다.

Covalent organic framework (COF) membranes have emerged as promising candidates for hydrogen purification due to their tunable pore sizes and robust structures. However, achieving high selectivity and permeability simultaneously remains a challenge due to the inherent pore size distribution of COF materials. In this study, we fabricated two distinct COF membranes, TpPa-1 and TpTGCl, with pore sizes of 1.8 nm and 0.39 nm, respectively, using tailored synthesis methods. The TpTGCl membrane, synthesized via room temperature interfacial polymerization and vacuum-assisted filtration, exhibits an ultrathin nanosheet structure with an interlayer π–π stacking distance of 0.33 nm. This unique architecture, combined with its affinity for CO2 adsorption, enables exceptional hydrogen separation performance, achieving a H2/ CO2 selectivity of 52.5 and a H2 permeability of 3.49 × 10– 7 mol m− 2 s− 1 Pa− 1. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the steric hindrance effect as the primary mechanism for the selective permeation of hydrogen. The TpTGCl membrane effectively sieves larger gas molecules ( CO2, N2, CH4, etc.) without the need for material modification or excessive membrane thickness. This study demonstrates the potential of COF membranes with tailored pore sizes for high-performance hydrogen purification and offers valuable insights for the development of advanced separation technologies.

Combining CuPc with semiconductor materials as organic‒inorganic hybrid photocatalysts can effectively improve the light absorption capacity and separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes in semiconductor photocatalysts. Herein, a CuPc/Bi2WO6 Z-scheme heterojunction was successfully designed and used for CO2 photoreduction. The separation of photogenerated electrons and holes is greatly enhanced because of the formation of a compact organic‒inorganic heterointerface and the built-in electric field between CuPc and Bi2WO6, which increases the photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency. Moreover, the photosensitizer CuPc can effectively enhance the light absorption of Bi2WO6. The optimal 1CuPc/ Bi2WO6 composite exhibits the best photocatalytic performance, with a CO production rate of 2.95 μmol g− l h− 1, which is three times greater than that of Bi2WO6 under visible-light irradiation. This work provides a new idea for the construction of an organic‒inorganic photocatalytic system for CO2 reduction.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into fuels offers a promising avenue to tackle present energy challenges and mitigate global warming. At present, TiO2 has been widely used in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions, and element doping can optimize the band structure of TiO2 to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In this work, TiO2 doped with different content of N was prepared using TiN as the precursor through a simple one-step calcination method. Under optimized conditions, the optimal CO yield of the modified photocatalyst is 41.1 μmol g− 1 h− 1, which is 8 times higher than that of p25 type TiO2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that N-doping can reduce the band gap of TiO2 and decrease the Gibbs free energy of CO2 reduction reaction. In-situ-XPS indicated that N-doping can enhance the activation of CO2 by enriching photo generated electrons. Additionally, In-situ-FTIR spectra were employed to detect intermediates and track variations in the consumption of H2O and CO2, providing deeper insights into the mechanism responsible for enhancing efficiency. Our work addresses the deficiencies of the past and provides more detailed theoretical insights for the accelerated photocatalytic reduction of CO2 by N-doping TiO2.

A hierarchical porous carbon/silicon composite material (CSCM) was prepared through KOH activation and acid leaching using coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) as the raw material. The KOH dosage, activation temperatures, and HCl acid amount were optimized. The obtained CSCMs showed higher pore volume in the range of 0.62–0.96 cm3/ g, and hierarchical porous structure with Vmicro./ Vmeso. ratio in the range of 1.54–3.31. The influence of Vmicro./ Vmeso. ratio of CSCM on CO2 adsorption at 0 °C was higher than that at 25 °C. Under higher specific area and pore volume, hierarchical pores with Vmicro./ Vmeso. ratio in the range of 2.81–2.91 were benefit for CO2 adsorption at 0 °C. The optimized CSCM demonstrated excellent CO2 adsorption capacities of 2.96 and 4.60 mmol/g at 25 and 0 °C, respectively. CO2 adsorption on CSCM was a heterogeneous physical process, and the cycle stability was excellent. Meanwhile, CSCM was mixed with Fe-based catalyst (Fe-K/CS) for CO2/ H2 catalysis. The hierarchical porous structure of CSCM improved the CO2 adsorption and H2 adsorption around the active sites, promoting CO2 conversion. The combination method of Fe-K and CSCM affected the distribution of CO2 hydrogenation products, and reasonable Vmicro./ Vmeso. ratio in CSCM effectively inhibited C–C chain growth, leading to higher olefins selectivity. The Fe-0.1K/CS-P catalyst achieved a CO2 conversion rate of 21.6% and a C2 =-C4 = selectivity of 47.7%. This study presented a promising approach for effectively utilizing CO2 and for the sustainable valorization of industrial solid waste.