To remove phosphorus from the effluent of public wastewater treatment facilities, hundreds of enhanced phosphorus treatment processes have been introduced nationwide. However, these processes have a few problems including excessive maintenance cost and sludge production caused by inappropriate coagulant injection. Therefore, the optimal decision of coagulant dosage and automatic control of coagulant injection are essential. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional phosphorus removal processes, the integrated sedimentation and dissolved air flotation(SeDAF) process has been developed and a demonstration plant(capacity: 100 m3/d) has also been installed. In this study, various jar-tests(sedimentation and / or sedimentation·flotation) and multiple regression analyses have been performed. Particularly, we have highlighted the decision–making algorithms of optimal coagulant dosage to improve the applicability of the SeDAF process. As a result, the sedimentation jar-test could be a simple and reliable method for the decision of appropriate coagulant dosage in field condition of the SeDAF process. And, we have found that the SeDAF process can save 30 – 40% of coagulant dosage compared with conventional sedimentation processes to achieve total phosphorus (T-P) concentration below 0.2 mg/L of treated water, and it can also reduce same portion of sludge production.

The determining the appropriate dosage of coagulant is very important, because dosage of coagulant in the coagulation process for wastewater affects removing the amount of pollutants, cost, and producing sludge amount. Accordingly, in this study, in order to determine the optimal PAC dosage in the coagulation process, CCD (Central composite design) was used to proceed experimental design, and the quadratic regression models were constructed between independent variables (pH, influent turbidity, PAC dosage) and each response variable (Total coliform, E.coli, PSD (Particle size distribution) (‹10 μm), TP, PO4-P, and CODcr) by the RSM (Response surface methodology). Also, Considering the various response variables, the optimum PAC dosage and range were derived. As a result, in order to maximize the removal rate of total coliform and E.coli, the values of independent variables are the pH 6-7, the influent turbidity 100-200 NTU, and the PAC dosage 0.07-0.09 ml/L. For maximizing the removal rate of TP, PO4-P, CODcr, and PSD(‹10 μm), it is required for the pH 9, the influent turbidity 200-250 NTU, and the PAC dosage 0.05-0.065 ml/L. In the case of multiple independent variables, when the desirable removal rate for total coliform, E.coli, TP, and PO4-P is 90-100 % and that for CODcr and PSD(‹10 μm) is 50-100 %, the required PAC dosage is 0.05-0.07 ml/L in the pH 9 and influent turbidity 200-250 NTU. Thus, if the influent turbidity is high, adjusting pH is more effective way in terms of cost since a small amount of PAC dosage is required.

본 연구에서는 MBR 내에 침지된 분리막 오염을 평가하기 위하여 운전시간에 따른 막간차압(TMP)을 측정하였 다. 유효 막면적이 0.02 m2이고 공칭 세공크기가 0.15 μm인 정밀여과용 평막 모듈을 MLSS 5,000 mg/L인 활성슬러지 용액 에 침지시켰다. 운전/휴직(R/S) 및 사인파형 투과유속 연속운전(SFCO) 방식에 따른 TMP를 비교하기 위하여 동시에 투과 실 험을 수행하였다. SFCO 운전방법에 따른 TMP는 R/S에 비하여 최대 93% 낮게 유지되었으며 투과유속이 증가함에 따라서 TMP 감소 효과는 줄어들었다. 또한 응집제인 FeCl3를 활성슬러지 용액에 500 mg/L 농도로 주입시키면 SCFO 운전방식의 경우, 투과 운전시간을 5배 이상 증가시켜도 한계 운전 TMP인 55 kPa의 40% 미만으로 유지됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study was performed to determine the optimum coagulant dosing for effective treatment of raw water in Chinyang lake. Removal rates of algae and characteristics of the water according to coagulants dosage were investigated by treatment with Microcystis aeruginosa, which is a kind of blue-green algae, to the raw water below 5NTU. The coagulants dosage for maximum removal rate of algae were 30 ㎎/ℓ of Alum, 30 ㎎/ℓ of PAC and 10 ㎎/ℓ of PACS, respectively. The removal rate of algae in 30 ㎎/ℓ of PAC was highest as 85% compared with the other treatments. At the point of maximum removal rate of algae, the removal rates of turbidity were 34%, 66% and 22% in Alum, PAC and PACS, respectively. Residual Al was decreased depend upon decreasing turbidity in water by treatment of Alum or PAC, but decreased depend upon increasing turbidity in water by treatment of PACS. The removal rate of Mn2+ in water was high in the order of Alum, PAC and PACS treatment. And Fe2+ in water was not changed by treatment of these coagulants. Particle numbers distributions according to the particle size of suspended solids that were not precipitated at 8 min. of settling time after treatment of coagulants dosage for the maximum removal rate of algae were investigated. Most of the particle sizes were below 30 ㎛ and particle numbers distributions below 10 ㎛ were 64%, 56% and 66% by treatment of Alum, PAC and PACS, respectively. Zeta potential was in the range of -6.1∼-9.7 mV at optimum coagulants dosage for algae removal.

This study was performed to determine the optimum coagulant dosing amount for effective treatment of raw water. The removal rate of turbidity and the variations of water qualities according to various dosage of coagulants such as Alum, PAC and PACS were investigated. The optimum coagulant dosing amount to make the lowest turbidity of water were 35㎎/ℓ of Alum, 30㎎/ℓ of PAC and l0㎎/ℓ of PACS in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity, and 30㎎/ℓ of Alum, 25㎎/ℓ of PAC and l0㎎/ℓ of PACS in case of 10 NTU of that, respectively. The removal rates of turbidity at 4 min. and 8 min. of settling time were 10 and 72% of Alum, 44 and 62% of PAC and 25 and 55% of PACS in case of 5 NTU, and 52 and 70% of Alum, 90 and 95% of PAC and 10 and 28% of PACS in case of 10 NTU, respectively. Judging from the settling capability of floc., the reaction time of floc. formation and removal efficiency of turbidity, PAC was evaluated as more effective coagulant than Alum and PACS. Also PAC was regarded as the most effective coagulant when the water supply was changed sharply and the fluctuation of the surface loading occured with wide and sharp in seettling basin. pH and alkalinity of the water were decreased with increasing coagulants dosage. But pH and alkalinity were not decreased below 5.8 which is the standard for drinking water quality, and l0㎎/ℓ which is the limit concentration of floc. breakage, respectively. Residual Al of the treated water was decreased with increasing coagulants dosage in case of 5 and 10NTU of raw water turbidity. KMnO_4 consumption of the water was decreased with increasing coagulants dosage. The reduction rate of KMnO_4 consumption at the optimum coagulants dosage were 39% of Alum, 18% of PAC and 11% of PACS in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity, and 42% of Alum, 27% of PAC and 36% of PACS in case of 10 NTU of that, respectively. Any relationship was not found between the removal rate of turbidity and KMnO_4 consumption. TOC of the water was a bit decreased with increasing coagulants dosage up to 30㎎/ℓ but not changed above 30㎎/ℓ of coagulants dosage. The degree of TOC reduction was increased in the order of Alum, PAC and PACS treatment. Zeta potential of the colloidal floc. at the optimum coagulants dosage was in the range of -20∼-15mV in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity and 0∼0.5mV in case of 10 NTU of that, respectively. Although the kinds and dosages of coagulants were different, zeta potential range were fixed under the conditions of the best coagulation efficiency.