The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and carbon nanotube (CNT) chemistry is accelerating innovations in the synthesis, functionalization, and advanced applications of carbon-based nanomaterials. This review highlights recent AIdriven methodologies, including neural networks, ensemble learning, metaheuristics, and hybrid frameworks that are redefining the design, surface engineering, and structure–property relationships of CNTs. Special attention is given to their roles in clean energy technologies, polymer nanocomposites, environmental systems, and nanoelectronics. Advances such as autonomous synthesis guided by deep learning, high-throughput experimentation, and AI-enabled property prediction are critically reviewed. Challenges including data fragmentation, class imbalance, and lack of benchmarking are addressed, alongside future directions such as physics-informed machine learning, robotics integration, and multi-objective optimization. This review positions AI as a disruptive catalyst in advanced CNT research, offering intelligent automation and predictive insights across diverse carbon-material applications.

오늘날 대 산업분야는 과학 기술의 진보에 따라 비약적인 기술발달을 이루었다. 따 라서, 고객이 요구(Needs)하는 다양한 기능을 구현하기 위해 상당수 부분을 소프트웨 어 중심으로 달성하고 있다. 이렇듯, 과거의 하드웨어 중심의 자동차와 달리 소프트웨 어 중심의 기능 구현이 이행되고 있는 실정이다. 이렇다 보니, 시스템이 보다 복잡해 짐에 따라 시스템을 설계하고 제어하는데 있어서 상당한 어려움이 따르고 있다. 따라 서, 유럽에서는 자동차 분야의 전자제어 장비로 인한 기능안전을 달성하기 위해 ISO26262라는 국제표준을 제정하였다. 국제표준의 제정에 따라 국내 자동차 산업은 차량 시스템을 설계하는데 있어서의 노력, 뿐만 아니라, 기능안전이라는 안전부분을 대비해야하는 상황에 직면하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 자동차 시스템의 상위 수준의 설계인 개념설계 단계에서 FMEA를 통한 안전성 활동 반영을 통한 하나의 단일화된 개발 방법론을 본 연구를 통해 제시하고자 한다. 따라서, 본 연구를 기반으로 향후 추가 연구를 수행한다면, 국내 자동차 산업, 뿐만 아니라, 대형복합 안전 중시 시스템 으로 확대하여 설계단계에서 안전성을 동시 고려한 시스템 설계 신뢰성 확보를 위해 도움이 될 것으로 기대 된다.

The demand from customers on better products and systems seems to be ever increasing. To meet the demand, the systems are becoming more and more complicated in terms of both scale and functionality, thereby requiring enormous effort in the development. One bright spot of this trend is that such effort has been the driving forces of the remarkable advancement in modern systems development. On the other hand, safety issues appear to be critical in many large-scale systems such as transportation and weapon systems including high-speed trains, airplanes, ships, missiles/rockets launchers, and so on. Such systems turn out to be prone to a variety of faults and thus the resultant failure can cause disastrous accidents. For the reason, they can be referred to as safety-critical systems. The systems failure can be attributed to either random or systemic factors (or sometimes both). The objective of this paper is on how to reduce potential systemic failure in safety critical systems. To do so, a proper system design is pursued to minimize the risk of systemic failure. A focus is placed on the fact that complex systems have a lot of complicated interfaces among the system elements. To effectively handle the sources of hazards at the complicated interfaces and resultant failure, a method is developed by utilizing a design structure matrix. As a case study, the developed method is applied in the design of train control systems.

The environment and requirements of modern war fields have been affected and thus changed by a variety of issues. To this end, the development of safety-critical weapon systems frequently need to meet those changes even in the operational phase. The necessity of the changes may be due to the preparation for mass-production or the request originated from the user military forces. To meet such a need can be even tougher in the development of safety-critical weapon systems since the integration of the requirements for both systems design and systems safety would make it troublesome. To handel the matter in this paper, utilization of architecture DB is proposed. Specifically, the situation in demand has first been analyzed and then a problem-solving process to accommodate the design changes has been constructed. In doing so, the concept of the aforementioned integration is particularly focused on the functional architecture, which could be a core concept of our approach to solving the problem. The result of a case study demonstrating the method studied using a computer-aided systems engineering tool is also presented.

최근 산업기술의 비약적인 발전으로 인해 오늘날 우리가 개발하거나 사용하는 시스템은 기술적 완성도 측면에서 수준이 매우 높아지고 있다. 한편 고속열차, 첨단 신무기체계 등 대형복합 시스템의 경우, 새로운 시스템을 개발하기 위해서는 기존의 단일화된 개발 방법으로는 개발과정 및 개발 후에 많은 문제점이 잠재적으로 존재한다. 따라서, 기존의 시스템 개발방법인 순공학적인 방법뿐만 아니라 역공학, 동시공학 등을 고려한 통합 프로세스의 고려를 통한 접근이 필요한 시점에 와있다. 이러한 통합적인 접근법을 수행하기 위해서는 체계적인 관리가 필수적이다. 따라서 무수히 많은 설계 산출물이 파생되는 오늘날 산출 DB의 체계적 관리 및 접근을 통한 설계의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구를 기반으로 향후 추가 연구를 수행한다면, 국내 대형복합시스템의 설계단계에서의 안전성을 동시 고려한 시스템 설계 신뢰성 확보를 위해 도움이 될 것으로 기대 된다.

The recent trend in modern systems development can be characterized by the increasing complexity in terms of both the functionality and HW/SW scale that seems to be accelerated by the growing user requirements and the rapid advancement of technology. Among the issues of complexity, the one related to systems safety has attracted great deal of attention lately in the development of the products ranging from mass-transportation systems to defence weapon systems. As such, the incorporation of safety requirements in systems development is becoming more important. Note, however, that since such safety-critical systems are usually complex to develop, a lot of organizations and thus, engineers should participate in the development. In general, there seems to be a variety of differences in both the breadth and depth of the technical background they own. To address the problems, at first this paper presents an effective design process for safety-critical systems, which is intended to meet both the systems design and safety requirements. The result is then advanced to obtain the models utilizing the systems modeling language (SysML) that is a de facto industry standard. The use of SysML can facilitate the construction of the integrated process and also foster active communication among many participants of diverse technical backgrounds. As a case study, the model-based development of high-speed trains is discussed.

While designing a torsional shafting with various gear-branched systems, it is very important for system designers to obtain critical speeds accurately and easily. The author has studied the transfer stiffness coefficient method (TSCM) as a structural analysis algorithm. In this paper, the TSCM is applied to the computation of critical speeds for torsional shafting with gear-branched systems. The accuracy of the present method is confirmed by comparing with the results of the finite element method.

Co Evolutionary Structural Design(CESD) Framework is presented, which can deal with the load design and structural topology design simultaneously. The load design here is the exploration algorithm that finds the critical load patterns of the given structure. In general, the load pattern is a crucial factor in determining the structural topology and being selected from the experts어 intuition and experience. However, if any of the critical load patterns would be excluded during the process of problem formation, the solution structure might show inadequate performance under the load pattern. Otherwise if some reinforcement method such as safety factor method would be utilized, the solution structure could result in inefficient conservativeness. On the other hand, the CESD has the ability of automatically finding the most critical load patterns and can help the structural solution evolve into the robust design. The CESD is made up of a load design discipline and a structural topology design discipline both of which have the fully coupled relation each other. This coupling is resolved iteratively until the resultant solution can resist against all the possible load patterns and both disciplines evolve into the solution structure with the mutual help or competition. To verify the usefulness of this approach, the 10 bar truss and the jacket type offshore structure are presented. SORA(Sequential Optimization & Reliability Assessment) is adopted in CESD as a probabilistic optimization methodology, and its usefulness in decreasing the computational cost is verified also.

This study assesses the adequacy of a critical value of the FEMA 273 for beams utilized in the present performance-based design. From the comparison the critical values of FEMA 273 with those of previous experimental result about beams, it was shown that FEMA 273 underestimated the critical values. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a research to find the hysteresis model for the performance-based design considering the hysteretic behavior of domestic reinforced concrete members.

최근 빈번한 기상이변에 따라 발생되는 자연재해에 대한 방재대책의 중요함이 절실히 요청되는 시점에서 수공구조물들의 설계빈도를 상향조정하는 등의 대책이 마련되고 있는 실정을 고려하여 유역의 수문학적 안정성을 확보하기 위한 최적방안을 마련하는데 필요한 강우의 임계지속시간 결정에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 특히 2002년 여름 강릉지역에 발생한 태풍 "루사"로 인한 집중호우는 기존 PMP 규모를 초과하는 사상 초유의 24시간 최대 강수량(880mm)을 기록하여

본 연구는 실측자료가 확보된 중규모 하천유역에서 최대 첨두유량을 발생시키는 설계강우의 시간분포모형을 밝혀내고, 결정된 시간분포모형을 바탕으로 하여 유역특성과 임계지속기간의 관계를 규명하는 것이다. 50-5,000의 44개 유역을 통하여 수문분석을 실시하였으며, SCS 유효우량 산정방법으로 결정된 유효우량을 사용하여 최대 첨두유량을 발생시키는 시간분포모형은 Huff의 4분위 시간분포모형으로 나타났다. 유역면적 50-600인 유역에서는 24시간 강우지속기간