논에서 청보리를 수확한 후 사료용 옥수수를 뒷그루로 재배할 경우 옥수수의 파종 시기는 청보리의 수확시기에 의하여 결정되고, 이에따라 조사료 생산량이 영향을 받게 된다. 본시험은 청보리를 생육단계별로 수확한 후 뒷그루로 사료용 옥수수를 파종하는 작부체계에서조사료 생산성이 최대가 되는 청보리 수확시기와 사일리지 옥수수 파종시기를 구명코자 2009~2010년 충남농업기술원 논 시험포장에서 수행하였다. 청보리는 출수 후 20일에 수확하는 것이 생초수량이 가장 높았으나 건물수량과 TDN수량은 황숙기에 수확(출수 후 25일경)하는 것이 가장 높았다. 옥수수는 청보리를 출수 25일에 수확한 후 파종하면 건물수량이 적기 파종에 비하여 약 16% 감소하였다. 옥수수 적기 파종에 의한 단작 재배는 청보리 출수 후 25일수확+ 옥수수 파종 작부조합에 비하여 총 생수량 31%, 총 건물수량 28%, 총 TDN 수량23% 감소되었다. 청보리+ 옥수수 작부조합에서 총 생초수량은 청보리 출수 후 15일 수확 옥수수 파종 이 가장 높았으나, 총 건물수량과 TDN 수량은 청보리 출수 후 25일 수확 사일리지 옥수수 파종 이 가장 높았으며,이 때 청보리 생육단계는 황숙기이었고, 수분함량이 사일리지 제조에 가장 알맞은 시기이었다. 청보리를 황숙기 이후에 수확하면 옥수수의 수량이 급격히 감소되어 조사료의 총 생초수량과 TDN 수량이 크게 감소되므로 청보리를황숙기 이전에 수확하고 옥수수를 가급적 빨리파종할 필요가 있다.

This study was carried out to investigate the properties of soil and water under Double-cropping SSH followed by whole crop barley (SSFWB) or by Hairy vetch (SSFHV) in paddy land. A field study was conducted at Baeksan-myeon, Kimje, Jeonbuk province in Korea on clay loam soil for 3 years. All plots were arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The pH and the contents of T-N and organic matter (OM) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher t㏊n those at the beginning of the experiment in both SSFWB and SSFHV treatment (P＜0.05). The contents of an exchangeable cations at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher t㏊n those at the beginning of the experiment in both SSFWB and SSFHV (P＜0.05). And then, the concentration of NO₃-N, NH₃-N and PO₄-P in discharge and leaching water were not influenced by the cropping system

This study was carried out to investigate the productivity and nutritive values of SSH under Double-cropping SSH followed by whole crop barley (SSFWB) or by Hairy vetch (SSFHV) in paddy land. A field study was conducted at Baeksan-myeon, Kimje, Jeonbuk province in Korea on clay loam soil for 3 years. All plots were arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The yield of SSH in SSFWB treatment was higher t㏊n t㏊t of SSFHV (P＜0.05). All nutrients values of SSH were not influenced by the cropping system. However, all nutrients of SSH in SSFWB treatment were just a little increase, compared with those of SSFHV.

This study are carried out to investigate the effects of double cropping system, such as winter whole crop barley followed by rice (WBFR) or after Sorghum × Sudan hybrid (WBASS), in paddy land on the properties of soil and water. A field study was conducted at Baeksan-myeon, Kimje, Jeonbuk province in Korea on clay loam soil for 3 years. All plots were arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The pH and the contents of T-N, P₂O? and organic matter (OM) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher t㏊n those at the beginning of the experiment (P＜0.05) in both WBFR and WBASS. The contents of an exchangeable cations (CEC) at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher t㏊n those at the beginning of the experiment (P＜0.05). The concentrations of NO₃-N, NH₃-N and PO₄-P in discharge and leaching water were not influenced by the cropping system.

The objectives of this study are to investigate the productivity and nutritive values of whole crop barley under double cropping system such as winter whole crop barley followed by rice (WBFR) or after Sorghum ㎡ Sudan hybrid (WBASS) in paddy land. A field study was conducted at Baeksan-myeon, Kimje, Jeonbuk province in Korea on clay loam soil for 3 years. All plots were arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The yield of dry matter (DM) of whole crop barley in WBASS treatment was higher than that of WBFR. And then, the contents of ADF, NDF and TDN of whole crop barley in WBASS treatment were higher t㏊n those of WBFR.

To identify rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars suitable for Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)–rice double cropping systems, we investigated the yield and grain quality of four different midseason maturing rice cultivars (‘Daebo’, ‘Haepum’, ‘Haiami’, and ‘Samdeog’) and four midseason-to-late maturing rice cultivars (‘Hyunpoom’, ‘Saeilmi’, ‘Saenuri’, and ‘Samkwang’) in single rice cropping and Italian ryegrass–rice double cropping systems in paddy fields of Miryang, South Korea. We found that organic matter and available P2O5 content slightly decreased, whereas Na content increased, in the soil where Italian ryegrass was cultivated during winter compared to that in the soil that remained fallow during winter. The pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, and contents of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ decreased, whereas the available P2O5 content slightly increased, in the soil where rice was harvested in both single and double cropping systems. However, compared to the optimum soil conditions for rice cultivation, available P2O5 and K+ content were high and Mg2+ content was low in both single and double cropping systems. At the heading stage, the culm length and leaf color slightly increased in most of the rice cultivars, whereas the panicle length and number slightly decreased, in the double cropped system. After harvesting, spikelet number and milled rice yield did not show a significant difference between single and double cropping systems. However, the ripened grain rate and weight per thousand grains increased slightly in the ‘Saeilmi’ and ‘Samkwang’ cultivars but remained either stable or slightly low in other cultivars in the double cropping system. The milled rice yield was high (> 500 kg/10a) in ‘Daebo’ and ‘Haepum’ among midseason maturing rice cultivars, and in ‘Saeilmi’ and ‘Saenuri’ among midseason-to-late maturing rice cultivars, in both single and double cropping systems. The head rice rate was high in midseason maturing rice cultivars in the double cropping systems, reaching > 70% in ‘Haepum’ and ‘Haiami’ cultivars, whereas it decreased in most midseason-to-late maturing rice cultivars (excluding ‘Samkwang’ cultivar), in double cropping systems. Particularly, it exceeded > 70% in the ‘Saenuri’ cultivar in both single and double cropping systems. The protein content in milled rice increased, whereas the amylose content either remained stable or slightly increased, in double cropping systems. The Toyo taste value decreased in all midseason-to-late maturing rice cultivars and slightly increased in the ‘Daebo’ and ‘Haiami’ cultivars among midseason maturing rice cultivars in double cropping systems. However, Toyo taste values in the ‘Haepum’, ‘Haiami’, and ‘Saenuri’ cultivars exceeding > 80% in both single and double cropping systems. Therefore, we recommend ‘Haepum’, ‘Haiami’, and ‘Saenuri’ cultivars as candidates for Italian ryegrass–rice double cropping systems due to high yield, head rice rate, and Toyo taste value.

The physicochemical properties of soil and the yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Sailmi) were assessed using Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Kowinearly)-rice double cropping systems in the paddy fields at Goseong and Miryang in southern Korea. The average temperatures during the ripening period were approximately 1 °C higher than the optimal temperature for rice ripening and the sunshine duration was reduced by frequent rainfall. Consequently, it was slightly below the optimal conditions required for rice ripening. In the soil at Goseong, winter Italian ryegrass cropping increased the pH, electrical conductivity, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen (T-N), available P2O5, K, Ca, and Mg than winter fallowing. Particularly, the contents of T-N and available P2O5increased significantly. In the soil at Miryang, Italian ryegrass slightly increased the electrical conductivity and the T-N, Mg, and Na contents. Therefore, winter Italian ryegrass cropping improved the physicochemical properties of paddy soils; however, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping slightly reduced the culm length at both Goseong and Miryang, without markedly changing the panicle length or number compared to fallow-rice cropping. Furthermore, at Goseong, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping slightly decreased the spikelet number and milled rice yield, and increased the ripened grain rate; however, at Miryang, contrasting results were observed. In addition, fallow-rice cropping revealed no differences in the head rice or opaque rice rates. The protein content was slightly increased in Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping, without significant changes in the amylose content or Toyo value, compared to that in fallow-rice cropping. The peak and breakdown viscosities were slightly decreased. These results indicate that winter Italian ryegrass cropping might alter rice taste but may not exhibit remarkable negative effects on rice cultivation. Therefore, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping system is recommended for paddy fields in southern Korea. Nevertheless, to increase the rice yield and quality, fertilization standards for rice cropping that consider the changes in the T-N and organic matter contents in paddy fields caused by winter Italian ryegrass cropping need to be established.

축산분뇨의 효율적인 사용을 위하여 액상구비 형태의 돈분뇨를 벼-보리 작부체계 포장에서 1년에 1회~~ 2회 시용하여 벼수량 및 품질을 조사하였다. 축산농가의 돈분뇨는 채취시기나 채취농가에 따라 질소성분이 3~~7gkg1까지 함량에 차이가 많았으며 인산, 칼리 함량도 높았다. 현미 수량은 LPM+LPM 처리구에서 14~% 로 가장 많이 증수하였으나, 다른 처리에 비하여 도복이 일어날 확률이 높고, 완전립 비율이 떨어지며 심복백율이 높아 품질이 저하될 우려가 높았다. LPM+CF, CF+LPM처리구의 수량은 CF+CF보다 약간 높았으며, 완전립율 이나 쇄미율에서는 차이가 없었다. 보리의 생육 및 수량은 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 따라서 답리작 포장에 돈분뇨는 1년에 한번 시용하는 것이 벼 수량에 양호하며 돈분뇨 시용량은 질소기준량의 70~% 가 적절할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 미숙분뇨로 인한 작물의 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 6개월 이상 부숙 시킨 양질의 액상구비를 사용하도록 주의하여야 하며, 연용 할 경우 액비의 특성을 고려하여 액비 시용량을 작물의 질소표준시비량보다 적게 사용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다