The present study was conducted to determine the optimal supplementation level of beta-mannanase in the diet of laying hens. A total of 320 Hy-Line Brown layers (80 weeks of age) were assigned randomly into four groups on the basis of laying performance. Each treatment had eight replicates with 10 birds each (80 birds per treatment). Two hens were caged individually. Treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.04, 0.08, and 0.16% beta-mannanase during the nine-week feeding period. Laying hens fed diets supplemented with increasing levels of beta-mannanase had increased (linear, p<0.05) overall egg production and egg mass. In addition, these hens had greater retention of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, calcium, and mannan (linear, p<0.05). Dietary beta-mannanase treatments had no effect on blood metabolites such as total carbohydrate, triglycerides, glucose, total protein, and blood urea nitrogen, or excreted ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids. The results obtained in present study indicate that dietary supplementation of beta-mannanase has the potential for improving the performance of laying hens. The optimal supplementation level is 0.04% beta-mannanase in the diet.

The Kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai (Acari: Tetranychidae) constructs webs over leaf surfaces and usually lives under the webs. T. kanzawai produces two types of excreta, black and yellow pellets, and uses its webs as a place for excretion. T. kanzawai also uses its webs as a refuge when the predatory mite, Neoseiulus womersleyi (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is present. To clarify what factors deter N. womersleyi from foraging on T. kanzawai webs, I experimentally examined the effects of T. kanzawai excreta on its own fitness (fecundity) and the foraging behaviour of N. womersleyi. When the excreta of T. kanzawai was put on leaf surfaces, the fecundity of T. kanzawai adult females was reduced by the black but not the yellow faecal pellets. On the other hand, predation by N. womersleyi was reduced by the yellow but not the black pellets. Although this effect of the yellow pellets on N. womersleyi did not last on leaf surfaces, it deterred N. womersleyi from staying on the webs regardless of its freshness. These results suggest that T. kanzawai deposits black pellets on webs to avoid its negative effect on their own fitness, and yellow pellets are deposited on webs to reduce the risk of predation.

국내에서 가축분뇨 폐기물의 해양배출에 관한 현황 및 정부와 업계의 입장을 살펴보고, 정부(해양수산부 및 농림부)와 업계(대한양돈업협회 및 해양배출협회) 간의 갈등을 해결하는 대책을 검토하였다. 갈등해결을 위한 대책으로서 첫째, 가축분뇨 전량 육상처리의 가능성에 대한 사전 검토, 둘째, 가축분뇨 육상처리에 따른 민원해결방안의 강구, 셋째, 법제화된 규칙의 시행 가능성에 대한 사전검토, 넷째, 양돈업계나 해양배출업계와 같은 관련 업계를 위한 지원 방안의 강구, 다섯째, 국가차원의 폐기물해양배출제도 전면 재검토 등이 제시되었다.

To establish the recycling system of animal manure(AM) for environmental preservation and improve the utilization of AM, this study was to investigate the effects of the types and nitrogen application rate of AM on herbage productivity, efficiency of nitr

유휴 논토양에 reed canarygrass를 재배하였을 때, 예취빈도와 액상구비의 시용수준의 차이가 연간 건물수량과 주요 영양성분의 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하여reed canarygrass의 잠재 생산성을 증대시키기 위한 경제적이고도 합리적인 예취빈도와 액상구비의 적정 시용수준을 추정하고자 하였다. 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 예취빈도별 연간 건물수량에 대한 예취번초의 상대수량은 3회와 4회 예치ㅜ구에서 3번초, 5회 예취구에서는 4번

Method for the sun curing dehydration of pig excreta by using vinyl house was described. We determined effects of the dehydrated pig excreta on the yields of whole crop corn and proximate chemical composition of whole crop corn. Pig excreta were dehydrate

This experiment was conducted to enhance nutritional value of whole crop corn silage and increase mixture levels of broiler excreta by adding of corn meal. Treatments were included non mixture(control), adding 10, 20, 30% of broiler excreta and adding 10,

This study was carried out to enhance the nutritional value of whole crop corn silage and the utilization of animal waste as a ruminant feedstuffs. Whole crop corn were ensiled with cage layer excreta and concentrate. Treatments included whole crop corn s

The groundwater quality through livestock excreta survey based on “Act of the management and use of livestock excreta” was investigated by selecting sampling sites within 1 km of the farmland without considering hydrogeological units. However, these sites can be affected by various pollution sources such as chemical fertilizers and livestock excretions. Additionally, the effects of pollution sources on groundwater quality in the sites cannot be clearly distinguished from naturally occurring backgrounds. In this study, a method was developed to select the sampling sites for groundwater quality through livestock excreta survey in order to understand the effects of pollution sources especially livestock excreta. First, the concentrations of nitrate within the radius of 200 m, 300 m, 500 m and 750 m, respectively, from the farms regarded as pollution sources in hydrogeological units were compared in 2016-2017. All the nitrate concentrations at 200 - 500 m from the farms exceeded a background concentration, 13.3 mg/L. Those at 750 m and the background concentrations measured by the Ministry of Environment were comparable. Therefore, the appropriate radius was suggested as 500 m for livestock excretions survey. In this study, the areas within 500 m from the farms could be considered under the influence of livestock excretions, while those beyond 500 from the pollution sources as background in hydrogeological units. The developed method was validated by applying it to the sites selected based on both administrative divisions and watersheds for livestock excretion survey. The average densities for the developed method were 0.82 and 0.39 points/km2, respectively, which were considered as appropriate levels according to those of the European Environmental Agency.

현대의 경제적인 번영과 함께 가축 및 유제품에 대한 전 세계적인 수요는 지속하여 증가해왔다. 이에 가축의 광대한 수요는 환경문제를 일으키지 않는 가축 분뇨 처리에 대한 많은 걱정을 불러 일으켰다. 가축 분뇨의 탄소 중립성 때문에 가축 분뇨가 재생 가능한 탄소 원으로서 고려할 때 바이오 연료의 원료로서 가축 분뇨를 이용하는 것은 친환경 적이고 에너지 회수에 있어 지속 가능한 방법이다. 그러므로 가축 분뇨를 처리하는 친환경적이고 효과적인 기술을 고안하는 것은 중요하다. 이러한 관점에서 이산화탄소를 이용한 바이오매스의 열분해가 연구되어져 왔고 이산화탄소가 바이오매스 열분해의 열효율을 증대시킨다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구는 에너지 회수 뿐 만 아니라 벤젠 유도체의 형성 저감의 관점에서 우분의 열적 분해 동안에 이산화탄소의 역할에 대한 이해에 대하여 주로 다루고 있다. 우선 우분의 열중량분석을 통해 질소와 이산화탄소 조건에서 열적 분해특성을 알아보기 위하여 수행되어졌다. 다음으로 반응 열화학 공정에서 매개체로서 이산화탄소의 도입은 질소대비 일산화탄소의 농도가 향상되었다. 이러한 결과는 이산화탄소에 의해 향상된 열분해로부터 유도되어진 휘발성 유기물질들과 이산화탄소의 직접 반응하는 열적 분해로부터 초래 되었다. 게다가 열분해로부터 발생되어진 타르에서 벤젠 유도체들의 양은 열분해 매개체로서 질소 대신에 이산화탄소를 사용할 때 감소되어졌다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 전통적인 열화학 공정들보다 더 향상된 에너지 회수를 보이고 더 적은 오염 물질들을 방출하는 새로운 방식의 지속가능한 가축 분뇨 처리 방법임을 제시한다.

This study evaluated the feasibility of recovering and recycling nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from livestock excreta as struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) in South Korea. Our experimental results showed that struvite precipitation was a very effective way to recover N and P from livestock excreta. Moreover, our study demonstrated that struvite precipitates from livestock excreta (SPL) contain higher concentrations of N, P, and magnesium (Mg) as compared to compost and liquid manure from livestock excreta. In addition, although SPL contain high concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), they meet the fertilizer criteria for concentrations of heavy metals. In South Korea, SPL cannot currently be used as a fertilizer due to legal constraints. Legal permission for SPL use would offer greater choice in livestock excreta management. In conclusion, recovery and recycling of N and P from livestock excreta as struvite can be an effective tool for managing nutrients in livestock excreta.

There are two treatment processes that are currently applied to ships are the biological treatment process using the activated sludge and the electrochemical treatment. However, neither of them are able to remove both nitrogen and phosphorus due to their limited ability to remove organic matters, which are main causes of the red tide. This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of nitrogen removal factors from manure wastewater by replacing the final settling tank in SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) process and applying immersion type hollow fiber membrane. SBR process is known to have an advantage of the least land requirement in special environment such as in ship and the immersion type hollow fiber membrane is more stable in water quality change. As the result, the average in the cases of DO (Dissolved Oxygen) is 2.9(0. 6∼3.9) mg/L which was determined to be the denitrifying microorganism activity in anaerobic conditions. The average in the cases of ORP (Oxidation Reduction Potential) is 98.4∼237.3 mV which was determined to be the termination of nitrification since the inflection point was formed on the ORP curve due to decrease in the stirring treatment after the aeration, same as in the cases of DO. Little or no variation in the pH was determined to have positive effect on the nitrification. T-N (Total Nitrigen) removal efficiencies of the finally treated water were 71.4%, 72.3% and 66.5% in relatively average figures, thus was not a distinct prominence. In being applied in ships in the future, the operating conditions and structure improvements are deemed necessary since the MEPC (Marine Environment Protection Committee). 227(64) ship sewage nitrogen is less than the standard of 20 Qi/Qe mg/L or the removal rate of 70%.

The purposes of this study were to suggest the methodology to select prior areas in the environmental pollution survey for livestock excreta (EPSLE) as well as to elucidate the validity of the methodology. In this study, the prior areas in the EPSLE were determined by examining the number of compost facilities categorized according to the three levels of size including the basin, the sub-basin and the watershed, respectively, based on the data from “Annual Nation-wide Pollution Sources Survey (2012)”. The results suggested that the list of prior basins were Nakdong, Geum, Youngsan and Han river basins in order. Also, it was examined that the prior sub-basins in the four river basins including Nakdong, Geum, Youngsan and Han rivers were Naesung Stream, Geumgang Gongju, Juam Dam and Namhan Downstream, respectively. The prior watersheds in the sub-basins of Naesung stream, Geumgang Gongju, Juam Dam and Namhan Downstream were Seocheon Downstream, Geum Stream, Gyeombaek Suwipyo and Yanghwa Stream, respectively. The validity of the methodology used in this study was elucidated by analyzing the correlation of the number of compost facilities with the concentrations of T-N and T-P observed in the end-points of sub-basins. The results of correlation analysis showed that the concentrations of T-N and T-P increased with the number of compost facilities. Specifically, there was the stronger correlation between the number of compost facilities and the concentrations of T-N than that for T-P. Consequently, it was proved that the methodology used in this work was valid and rational for the selection of prior areas in environmental pollution survey for EPSLE.