Phayathonzu temple in Myanmar was made of masonry bricks, and so it was vulnerable to lateral load such as earthquake. Especially, it has many difficulties in structural modeling and dynamic analysis because the discontinuous characteristics of masonry structure should be considered. So, it is necessary to provide the seismic performance evaluation technology through the inelastic dynamic modeling and analysis under earthquake loads for the safety security of masonry brick temple. Therefore, this study analyzes the seismic behavior characteristics and evaluates the seismic performance for the 479 structure with many cracks and deformations. Through the evaluation results, we found out the structural weak parts on earthquake loads.

The Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes caused damages to many cultural properties; particularly, stone pagoda structures were significantly damaged among masonry cultural properties. To preserve these structures, it is necessary to understand their dynamic behavior characteristics under earthquakes. Analyses on such areas as deformation, frequency, maximum acceleration, permanent displacement, sliding, and rocking have to be performed. Although many analytical studies have already been conducted, dynamic behavior studies based on experiments are insufficient. Therefore, this study analyzed dynamic behavior characteristics by performing a shaking table experiment on a three-story stone pagoda structure at the Cheollongsa temple site damaged by the Gyeongju earthquake. As a result of the experiment, the displacements of stylobates did not occur significantly, but the tower body parts rotated. In particular, the rotation of the 1F main body stone was relatively larger than that of the other chief body stones because the 1F main body stone is relatively more slender than the other parts. In addition, the decorative top was identified as the component most vulnerable to sliding. This study found that the 1F main body stone is vulnerable to rocking, and the parts located on the upper part are more vulnerable to sliding.

Recently, the occurrence frequency of earthquake has increased in Korea, and many cultural assets have been damaged. Cheomseongdae is a valuable cultural assets that must be preserved historically and culturally. But, the masonry structure such as Chemseongdae is vulnerable to lateral forces. Therefore, in this study, structural modeling and dynamic analysis are performed to reflect the ground state and structural form of Cheomseongdae. Also, discrete element analysis technique is applied and dynamic behavior characteristics are analyzed according to earthquake load. For this purpose, displacements and stresses according to locations are reviewed and then swelling and distortion are analyzed.

Pohang earthquake occurred on November 15, 2017, with a magnitude of 5.4. The damage of the structure caused by the Pohang earthquake was the most significant in 4-story piloti-type buildings, where the damage patterns were different according to the location of columns and walls at the first story. One　building with a staircase at a corner shows shear failure at columns, and Another building with a staircase in the middle shows no failure or shear failure at staircase walls. Therefore, two different piloti-type buildings were selected; one has a staircase at a corner and another has in the middle, and the seismic behavior of the buildings were examined by nonlinear dynamic analysis applying a ground motion measured at Pohang. Analytical model well simulated the actual behavior of the piloti-type buildings during the earthquake. Analysis results showed that walls have an insufficient shear strength wherever the location of the staircase is and columns with insufficient transverse reinforcement could be failed when the staircase is located at a corner. Conclusively, structural engineers should design columns and walls in piloti-type buildings to possess sufficient capacity according to the location of staircase.

On Tuesday, January 17, 1995, an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 struck the Port of Kobe. In effect, the port was practically destroyed. After a hazard investigation, researchers reached a consensus to adopt a performance-based design in port and harbor structures in Japan. A residual displacement of geotechnical structures after an earthquake is one of the most important engineering demands in performance-based earthquake-resistant design. Thus, it is essential to provide reliable responses of geotechnical structures after an earthquake through various techniques. Today, a nonlinear explicit response history analysis(NERHA) of geotechnical structures is the most efficient way to achieve this goal. However, verification of the effective stress analysis, including post liquefaction behavior, is difficult to perform at a laboratory scale. This study aims to rigorously verify the NERHA by using well-defined field measurements, existing numerical tools, and constitutive models. The man-made, Port Island, in Kobe provides intensive hazard investigation data, strong motion records of 1995 Kobe earthquake, and sufficient engineering parameters of the soil. Two dimensional numerical analysis was conducted on the caisson quay wall section at Port Island subjected to the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The analysis result matches very well with the hazard investigation data. The NERHA procedure presented in this paper can be used in further studies to explain and examine the effects of other factors on the seismic behavior of gravity quay walls in liquefiable soil areas.

Permanent deformation plays a key role in performance based earthquake resistant design. In order to estimate permanent deformation after earthquake, it is essential to secure reliable response history analysis(RHA) as well as earthquake scenario. This study focuses on permanent deformation of an inverted T-type wall under earthquake. The study is composed of two separate parts. The first one is on the verification of RHA and the second one is on an effect of input earthquake motion. The former is discussed in companion paper and the latter in this paper. In order to investigate the effect of an input earthquake motion on the permanent deformation, three bins of spectral matched real earthquake records with different magnitude, regions, epicentral distance are constructed. Parametric study was performed using the verified RHA through the companion paper for each earthquake records in the bins. The most influential parameter affecting permanent displacement is magnitude. The other parameters describing earthquake motion are not significant enough to increase permanent displacement of the inverted T-type wall except for energy related parameters(AI, CI, SEI).

Permanent deformation plays a key role in performance based earthquake resistant design. In order to estimate permanent deformation after earthquake, it is essential to secure reliable response history analysis(RHA) as well as earthquake scenario. This study focuses on permanent deformation of an inverted T-type wall under earthquake. The study is composed of two separate parts. The first one is on the verification of RHA and the second one is on an effect of input earthquake motion. The former is discussed in this paper and the latter in the companion paper. The verification is conducted via geotechnical dynamic centrifuge test in prototype scale. Response of wall stem, ground motions behind the wall obtained from RHA matched pretty well with physical test performed under centrifugal acceleration of 50g. The rigorously verified RHA is used for parametric study to investigate an effect of input earthquake motion selection in the companion paper.

본 논문은 지진하중에 대한 복층 배럴볼트 시스템의 동적거동을 조사한 것이다. 시간이력해석에 따른 지진에 대한 거동을 조사하기 위하여 6개의 다른 개각과 각 개각에 대하여 0.5초 간격으로 4개의 추가적인 고유 진동수가 고려되었다. 전체 24개의 해석모델들이 컴퓨터 해석 프로그램인 MIDAS Gen.에 의해 설계되었고 5%의 감쇠비가 고려된 3개의 지진에 대하여 시간이력해석이 수행되었다. 지진이 적용될 때 수평방향에 대한 응답반응만 고려하는 라멘 구조물과는 달리 대공간 구조물의 경우 수평방향 뿐만 아니라 상하 방향의 동적거동을 고려하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수평방향 지진(H)과 수직방향 지진(V)에 대하여 X-, Y- 그리고 Z- 방향에 대한 동적거동 특성에 대하여 평가하였다. 개각과 진동수에 따른 동적거동 특성을 파악하기 위하여 최대 응답이 나타나는 시간에서 배럴볼트 시스템의 특정 절점들에 대한 가속도 응답비를 살펴보았다. 본 논문에서 동적거동을 조사한 가장 중요한 목적은 본 연구의 최종 목적인 배럴볼트시스템에 대한 등가정적지진력을 구하는 식을 제안하기 위함이다.

원자력발전소 부품중 안전과 관련된 구조물은 지진하중하에서 그 건전성올 유지하도록 설계되어야 한다. 그중 원자로내부구조물부품은 l차 내진분류에 속하는 것으로써 지진하중하에서의 건전성이 발전소 안전과 경제적인 관점에서 매우 중요하다. 지금까지 이러한 원자로내부구조물의 모탤링에 대해서는 여러 사람들에 의해 연구되고 발표되었으나， 본 논문에서는 국내 발전소 중에서 Turn-key base로 건설되어 이미 가동 중에 있는 영광 1&2호기의 원자로내부구조물에 대한 안전정지지진하의 거동올 Global Beam Model 이라는 단순 화된 모델을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이 모델의 설정올 위해서 주요부품들을 double pendulum의 보요소로 표 현하였고， 이들 주요부품들의 특성해석을 범용유한요소해석코드인 ANSYS 에 의해 구하여 이를 상부 및 하 부에서 간격올 갖는 비선형스프링으로 모델링하였다. 또한 이 비선형스프링뿐아니라 원자로용기와 원자로내 부구조물부품들 사이의 유체동적현상을 묘사한 유체동력학적 coupling 에 의해 pendulum의 보요소를 서로 연결시켜 모델링을 하였다. 가진자료인 안전정지하중은 영광 1&2호기의 원자로용기 지지부에 가해지는 웅답 스펙트럼올 시간이력함수로 바꾸었으며， 이 모델과 가진 하중을 가지고 비선형해석 ∞de 인 KWUSTOSS 의 explicit Runge-Kutta-Gills algorithm을 이용하여 적분을 수행하므로써 안전정지지진하의 원자로 내부구조 물에 대한 거동을 구하여 이 구조물의 주요부품에 대한 내진검증 및 구조물 내부에 있는 핵연료집합체의 내진 해석올 위한 입력자료를 확보할 수 있었다. 그리고 본 연구에서 사용된 Global Beam Model 의 간편성 및 효 율성 과 explicit Runge-Kutta-Gills algorithm에 대 한 경 제 성을 확인할 수 있었다.

In the case of fluid storage structure, hydrostatic pressure acts on the structure due to fluid surge during an earthquake. At this time, hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid charge not only by the strength of the earthquake but also by the sloshing height of the fluid. Factors affecting the change of load include the size, width and height of the fluid storage structure and height of fluid, time-history shape, etc. This paper wanted to identify the relationship between the earthquake shape and fluid free surface shape. The sloshing height measured the height of the fluid by applying earthquake to a tank whose width 500mm and comparison of the experiment and analysis. In addition, the shape of the fluid free surface was measured while varying the shape of earthquake and effective of the shape of earthquake of the fluid was analyzed.

The purpose of measuring a dam operated after design & construction is to properly operate reservoir and maintain dam structural safety by comparing the really measured data for the behavior of dam with the data for design & construction, the past mesured data and analyzing them. In this paper, the really measured data is analized for a dam facilitiy located near a seismic epicenter of earthquake that occurred on 12th, Nov. 2016 in Gyeong-ju and the results of safety inspection for a dam is shown by comparing the behavior of dam before and after occuring earthquake

The purpose of measuring a dam operated after design & construction is to properly operate reservoir and maintain dam structural safety by comparing the really measured data for the behavior of dam with the data for design & construction, the past mesured data and analyzing them. In this paper, the really measured data is analized for a dam facilitiy located near a seismic epicenter of earthquake that occurred on 12th, Nov. 2016 in Gyeong-ju and the results of safety inspection for a dam is shown by comparing the behavior of dam before and after occuring earthquake.

This paper presents the finite element (FE) response sensitivity and reliability analyses considering smooth constitutive material models. A reinforced concrete (RC) frame is modeled for FE sensitivity analysis followed by direct differentiation method (DDM) under both static and dynamic load cases. Later, the reliability analysis is performed to predict the seismic behavior of the frame. Displacement sensitivity discontinuities are observed along the pseudo-time axis using non-smooth reinforced steel model under quasi-static loading. However, the smooth steel material shows continuity in response sensitivity at elastic to plastic transition points. The normalized sensitivity results are also used to measure the relative importance of the material parameters on the structural responses. In FE reliability analysis, the influence of smoothness behavior of reinforced steel is carefully noticed. Cumulative distribution function (CDF) curves have shown minor change of failure probabilities due to the smoothness effect.

본 연구에서는 지진시 nailed-soil 굴착벽체의 안전율과 거동특성에 대하여 제시하였다. 시간이력해석을 이용하여 정적하중과 지진하중을 받는 nailed-soil 굴착벽체 전면부의 수평변위, 축력, 전단력, 모멘트를 해석하였다. Dawson과 Roth가 제안한 전단강도 감소기법에 바탕을 둔 안전율을 지진시 nailed-soil 굴착벽체의 안전율 계산에 사용하였다. 제안된 방법에 의한 안전율을 기존의 연구에서 산정된 안전율과 비교하여 그 타당성을 확인하였다.